Fruit shell - a waste of food and technical products. Only in rare cases they are used adequately to their rich chemical composition. Number of pectin substances in the structural components of the cell walls of fruit shells rather high. We investigated the quantity and quality of fruit shells contained soy pectin. The result of these studies was the proposed method for producing pectin extract from this kind of raw material. It describes how to work on the creation of a method for producing pectin extract from the leaf of soybeans. It's possible to extract pectin from the raw material, not previously used and pectin extract standard quality by applying advanced parameters of the process of conducting the hydrolysis-extraction. Valves soybeans washed with cold drinking water, dried and then pulverized. Then the purification is carried out by impurities. After that hydrolysis-extraction is carried out with a solution of succinic acid with heating. Separation of the liquid phase is carried out after completion of the hydrolease-extraction. We have developed and implemented as described above, the method solves the problem of soybean seed production waste
The article discusses the technique of calculating the
combine harvester under various harvesting
conditions. The authors consider two options for
optimizing the fleet of combines: the first, when the
harvested area is set, the second, when the harvested
area is not specified. In the first case, the harvester
park is calculated for a known area with different
harvesting times, but within the boundaries of the
agro-industry. In the second variant, a park of
harvesters is justified and it is calculated how much
space it will be able to clean for a different duration of
harvesting operations
The article describes the method of determining the list of rational diagnostic parameters of the brake system of a vehicle using the theory of probability and mathematical statistics. The problems determining the statistical probabilities of failures on objects considered a run; mathematical models (regression dependence) the probability of failure of run; A statistical evaluation of the significance of the coefficients of regression models; verification has been made on the adequacy of the regression models; the probabilities of possible states of objects. On the basis of the construction and analysis of structural- effect model brake system information and calculates the importance of each monitored parameter using the notion of information entropy, determine the parameters to be diagnostic, and builds a matrix condition of brake systems for non-destructive testing, in order to move on maintenance and repair of the actual state
The article presents the audit methodology of accounting
policy effectiveness, developed by the authors.
The special attention is paid to qualitative and
quantitative criteria for evaluating aspects of the
accounting policy effectiveness
A model for minority carrier mobility in polysilicon emitter contacts is developed. It is based on the effect of the segregation of electrically active dopants to polysilicon grain boundaries and the thermionic emission - diffusion theory of the hole current. An analytical equation is derived which allows to calculate hole mobility in polysilicon emitter contacts and its dependence on dopant concentration and polysilicon grain size
The aim of the study is to describe the concept of
conflict linguistic personality and construct a model of
linguistic identity. By summing up common features of
the individual personalities we have created the model
of conflict linguistic personality, based on three levels:
verbal-semantic, cognitive and pragmatic. 1. Verbal -
semantic level. Unlike other subtypes of conflict
discourse, everyday conflict discourse is characterized
by slang, invective, obscene vocabulary. Another
feature of everyday conflict discourse is familiarity.
Imperatives are also among the characteristic features
of conflict. There are also some non-verbal components
that play an important role in constructing the model of
conflict linguistic personality, such as gestures and
mimicry. 2. Cognitive level. Typical conflict linguistic
personality rarely tries to mince the words at the peak
of the conflict, so his/her cultural level comes "through
the language." 3. Pragmatic level. On this level diverse
and even opposing tactics are possible depending on
the purpose of conflict linguistic personality, as well as
his/her social role and psychological state at the
moment. The cooperative tactics include: acceptance,
conviction, compassion, assignment, promise, etc. Noncooperative
tactics include: mockery, accusation,
insults, threats, pressure, interruption, provocation
Potato has been and remains one of the five world's
most important crops. For nearly two hundred years
potato in Russia is the "second bread". This is one of
the so-called social products. Over the past 20 - 25
years of potato farming in our country, there have been
significant changes, both positive and negative. Today,
potatoes are grown in different soil and climatic
conditions in more than one hundred countries around
the world, including the desert oasis and beyond the
polar circle. Potato cultivation Center recently has
moved to Asia. In our time, the leaders of potato
production are China, Russia, India, the US and
Ukraine. Over the past few decades the number of
produced potatoes has increased by 41% and the area under potato planting only 9.5%. From the above data
it is clear that the world potato economy in recent
years has got significant changes, indicating that the
timeliness and relevance of the material in this article
is true
Isolation of high-quality RNA from the tissues of perennial woody plants, including woody grape vines, is very difficult due to the high content of phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites and polysaccharides and the ribonuclease activity of destroyed tissues. Most of the existing methods require either large time or financial costs, or do not give reproducible results in the case of RNA extraction from mature grape tissues. The modified isolation protocol is based on a combination and modification of the known RNA extraction methods, taking into account the characteristics of mature grape tissues. Existing commercial kits for the isolation of RNA from plant tissues showed a low efficiency of RNA extraction from mature grape tissues, primarily associated with "varietal specificity". Reproducible results in the extraction of RNA showed CTAB-method, however, it has several significant drawbacks associated with the duration of the extraction and the complexity of the processing of an RNA preparation with a DNAase. The developed method is based on increasing the concentration of mercaptoethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone in the extraction buffer, eliminating the stage of RNA selective precipitation via LiCl, and replacing it with deposition on a silica-based membrane (SiO2) followed by processing with DNA-ase. and increase the purity of the preparation of RNA from genomic DNA in comparison with the original method. A modified isolation protocol was developed based on a combination and modification of known RNA extraction methods, taking into account the characteristics of mature grape tissues. This solution allows to obtain reproducible quantity and quality of RNA for the subsequent synthesis of cDNA and RT-PCR
A methodology for a multilevel system approach to
integrated optimization of processes of harvest,
transportation and cleaning of the grain during the
harvest by the method of «Neveyka» has been
developed. The main method of research - is a
queuing theory of all components of the yield except
straw. The System consists of 6 interconnected
subsystems with their inputs and outputs, and its own
optimality criteria. On the first level of optimization,
the most efficient way of wheat harvest «Neveyka»
has been proved. On the second level - the total
duration of the harvest with allowance for 4-5
cultivated wheat sorts, each of which is harvested
within 5 calendar days, was optimized. The third
level proves the requirement of combine harvesters
and transport vehicle. On the fourth level - the
combinations of harvesting and transport units are
optimized on the criterion of the minimum amount of
the loss on the mutual expectations of harvesters and
vehicles. The fifth optimization level proves the
capacity of the reception station of the grain storage,
where the main criterion for optimality is the least
amount of losses on the mutual waiting time of the
transportation vehicles, and the additional criterion is
the minimum waiting time of vehicles in the queue.
On the sixth and the final stage the specific annual
economic effect (rub/ha or rub/t) from the
implementation of the proposed technology is
determined. It is established, that during the grain
harvesting, transporting and processing of heap there
are elementary or Poisson probability flows of
requirements for service. The Representation of
harvesting - transport link in the form of closed
queuing system of independent harvesting unit. An
approach to the justification of failure-free operation of a station for cleaning grain heap and storage of
grain and chaff is presented
We have proposed the general scheme for studying the stability of the conclusions obtained by mathematical methods and models regarding tolerance deviations of the original data and background models. The concrete problems of stability are discussed: towards a change of data, its size and distributions, to allowable transformations measurement scales, to the temporal characteristics (time of start of the project, the planning horizon). Reducing the uncertainty can be conducted by changing the type of data, i.e. with the aid of the transition to non-numerical data.
The models of concrete management processes of industrial organizations are considered on the examples of stability characteristics of investment projects to change the discount factors and in models of inventory management to change in the coefficients of the model and batch size production