The article presents the results of the research on modeling of working bodies of agricultural equipment by methods of engineering geometry and computer graphics. The design and the principle of operation of the equipment on the basis of working bodies in the form of screw drums is shown on the example of a device for the preparation of concentrated feed
The article describes the automated method of friction coefficient determination of row crops seeds using different types of surface, including modern polymer and composite materials. It is revealed that the friction coefficient characterizes the friction properties of seeds arising in the process of mechanical action during harvesting, transportation, storage and processing, as well as changes over time depending on the state of the surfaces, contact time, humidity, relative velocity and other parameters. The problem of lack of friction coefficients values for rest and dynamic friction coefficients for the polymeric and composite materials which are actively applied today at industrial production of agricultural machinery is designated. The design and general view of the device which helps to determine friction coefficient excluding the human factor (operator error) are presented. The operation principle of the developed device is described and the processing method of experimental data is given. Experimental data were obtained and statistical processing was carried out to identify the static and dynamic friction coefficients of seeds. Integral ( ) and differential ( ) graph for the distribution of friction coefficient average values for pairs "type of seed material – type of friction surface" are constructed
In Reineke Island (Primorskii Krai, Vladivostok, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan) alien species for Russia’s Far East Centaurea jacea L. (Asteraсеае) were first discovered in the 1980th in a small amount. Now, 40 years later distribution of C. jacea is limited to small sites of secondary grass meadows and disturbed habitats of roadsides unpaved roads for approximately 0.03% of the island; the level of its invasive activity is low; C. jacea threats currently is not for the biodiversity of plant community and forage value of meadows
In this article, the influence of foliar treatments with complex fertilizers (Polimiks-agro, Sprühdünger 2) and a growth regulator (SeaweedMix) in the cultivation of rootstocks and seedlings given the concentration of drugs and phase of plant development. The positive effect of fertilizer "Polimix-agro" on physiological processes in plants of SC2U apple rootstock in the formation of adaptive resistance to abiotic stresses of the summer period, where the best water-holding capacity of the leaves than in the control. It was found that a single non-root feeding in the uterine growth regulator called SeaweedMix when reaching rootstocks height of 10-15 cm, allows to increase the yield by increasing the growth activity, increase the standard of layering with a decrease in the number of lateral branches, as well as 3-fold non-root fertilizing fertilizer Sprühdunger 2 provided an increase in the quality of rootstocks on the diameter of the trunk and height
The article discusses the change in the magnetic properties of soils of different agricultural use, depending on the conditions of soil formation. The objects of study are leached chernozem of Western Ciscaucasia, meadow chernozem and meadow bog soils of rice agrolandscapes. The results showed that with an increase in the degree of hydromorphism, the magnitude of the magnetic susceptibility of the soil decreases. The leached chernozem has the highest magnetization of the profile. In soils formed under the influence of hydromorphic soil formation, magnetic susceptibility is reduced by 3.0-3.5 times in rainfed conditions and deposits, and by 6.0-12.0 times in soils of rice agrocenoses
The article presents the results of the fertilizers use effect on dry wine materials produced from the Chardonnay variety, grown in the Anapo-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar region, Russia. As a result of wine materials analysis, increase of tartaric acid was noted, with the autumn application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the spring application of ammonium nitrate. At the same time, its optimum content was noted with nitroammophos. Also, the minimum concentration of malic acids was detected by the application of nitroammophos with potassium fertilizers. In its turn, early spring application of ammonium nitrate reduced the concentration of malic acid below the control sample (without fertilizers). It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in this winemaking zone also contributed to a reduction of lactic acid in the must. At the same time, the application of nitroammophos (especially together with other mineral fertilizers), contributed to the accumulation of citric and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds. Moreover, the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the autumn contributed to the accumulation, and, consequently, also to the increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the resulting must. In addition, the studied samples of wine materials contained high alcohol concentrations and low concentrations of sugars with volatile acids. At the same time, the maximum amount of alcohol exceeding its content in the control sample was revealed when phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were used together with nitroammophos fertilizers. It is also noted that the application of ammonium nitrate did not affect this indicator. As a result, the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied concentrations made it possible to prepare wine materials that contained a low concentration of sulfur dioxide, which is substantially lower than the harmful concentration for humans. In addition, increased concentrations of hydrogen ions in variants with the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers have made it possible to reduce the number of iron tanates and the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes
The purpose of the article is to use automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) to study the impact of agrotechnological factors on the yield and quality of wheat and the use of the created models to solve the problems of forecasting, decision support and research of the simulated domain through the study of its model. To achieve this goal, the following tasks are set and solved, obtained by decomposition of the goal and are the stages of its achievement: Task 1: to formulate the idea and concept of solving the problem; Task 2: to justify the choice of method and tool for solving the problem; Task 3: to apply the selected method and tool to achieve this goal: cognitive structuring of the subject area; formalization of the subject area; synthesis and verification of the model; improving the quality of the model and the choice of the most reliable model; solution in the most reliable model of diagnostic problems (classification, recognition, identification), decision support and research of the simulated subject area by studying its model. Task 4: describe the effectiveness of the proposed solution. Task 5: to consider the limitations and shortcomings of the proposed solution to the problem and the prospects for its development by overcoming these limitations and shortcomings. A detailed numerical example of solving the problems based on 217 real examples of wheat cultivation in the fields of the Krasnodar region is given. For readers, it is possible to download this numerical example and install it on your computer to study
Slicesize soil is a kind of degradation of its changes. They are characterized by high density, hardness and other characteristics that reduce their effective fertility. Many authors have noted the progression of the process of fusion, which is associated with global warming, with over – compaction due to the unjustifiably frequent use of heavy equipment, irrigation-that is, with the direct impact of abiotic and anthropogenic factors on the pedosphere. Economic use – the strongest anthropogenic factor capable to bring the debugged mechanism of functioning of system out of action if not to observe scientifically-proved rules of agrotechnics. As a result of such intervention, the ecosystem is unable to independently neutralize negative deviations (consequences of anthropogenic impact) from the natural course of the processes of exchange of matter and energy. Therefore, the structure of agrocenoses should be as close as possible to the structure of natural biocenoses, namely: as fertilizers use more organic (manure, green fertilizers); to minimize the mechanical impact on the soil during its processing; to avoid such irrigation regime, which involves excessive soil moisture and its complete drying
As a result of the researching of anthropogenic influence on the agricultural landscape of Public Corporation "Agrofirma "Niva" from human economic activities with are related to: the pesticides and mineral fertilizers using; the work of agricultural machinery, and the movement of vehicles on the highway. The experimental material on the formation of dust masses and the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil. On the researching territory was found out three times excess of zinc MPC* (23 mg/kg, including background) and four times more of lead MPC (6,0 mg/kg, including background)
*maximum permissible concentration
Issues related to the contamination of crops are topical and very relevant. All this fully applies to the main crop produced in the South of Russia – winter wheat. In this regard, the presented results of studies of the influence of predecessors and tillage technologies on the development of weeds in the cultivation of winter wheat are relevant. Experimental studies were carried out in conditions of many years of experience located in the FEDERAL state scientific institution «ANTS «Donskoy». The influence of different methods of sowing (ordinary, scattered, belt) and technologies of tillage (dumping, non-dumping, surface, small) on infestation of winter wheat is considered. It is established that the least amount of weed plants is provided at scattered sowing on the background of deep tillage. The main treatment at a depth of 18-20 cm reduces the number of weeds by 47% in comparison with the surface (8-10 cm), and the scattered sowing reduces their number by 80%, since weeds are in more severe conditions compared to winter wheat, the rapid development of which contributes to the optimal nutrition area. Of the predecessors, the most acceptable is the steam with the number of weeds 7-25 PCs / m2, which is several times less than after peas, or corn after silage