The main task in the analysis of time series is the
reconstruction of the dynamical system that generated
this series. To illustrate the nature of the behavior of a
dynamic system described by a nonstationary time
series, a «phase portrait» method is proposed. An
acceptable description of the phase space of a
dynamical system can be obtained if we take instead
of real variables of the system delay vectors
composed of the values of the series at consecutive
moments of time. Restoration in a given class of a
system of differential or difference equations is
performed based on the scalar time series of the
observed process. In order to eliminate the
measurement error and accurately represent the
position of the object in the current, future, or any of
the past moments, it is proposed to apply the Kalman
filter using the known mathematical model of object
dynamics
Planetary mechanisms are used to create the working movement of the Executive bodies of metallurgical and mining machines. Roller working bodies, for the drive of which planetary mechanisms are used, are increasingly being used in the designs of harvesting machines. The processes occurring in the differential threshing devices of harvesting machines are poorly understood, due to the lack of information about the properties of the material in the event of rapidly changing stresses in them. This work is the result of the analysis of previous theoretical as well as experimental studies in the field of threshing. We describe the technological scheme of the shock-vibration threshing device and the principle of its operation. The possible variants of arrangement of drum rolls and drumming are considered. The relationship between the angular velocities of the drum, the drum rolls and the sub-drum is elucidated. Installation of three-sided rollers on the threshing device according to the scheme proposed by us allows additional shaking of the whole threshed rice mass from 75 to 110 times per second
One of the most important problems facing agricultural production is to increase traction and energy properties and to decrease the deforming effect of wheel propellers of power tractors on the soil. The solution to this problem requires the widespread introduction of computer-aided design systems, which make it possible to predict the towing, fuel, economic, and agro-technological properties of the tractor unit at the design stage. Traction and energy indicators of wheeled agricultural tractors, the level of impact of wheel propellers on the soil are largely determined by the quality of pneumatic tires. The search for the optimal parameters of pneumatic tires, the compliance of tire characteristics with the parameters and operating conditions of the tractor unit, require solving two main problems. Firstly, the development of analytical dependencies describing the process of interaction of elastic wheels with the soil base, depending on the rolling mode of the wheel. Secondly, bringing to the engineering level the methods of calculation and analysis of the wheel propellers and soil system. The work discusses the issues of physical and mathematical modeling of a pneumatic wheel and soil system. It is noted that among the existing approaches to describing the process of interaction of an elastic wheel with soil, it is most preferable to use rheological models that take into account the simultaneous deformation and subsequent restoration of the soil and tire. However, when it comes to the existing models, the formation of the area of the contact patch is associated with a common normal deflection, which is not confirmed by numerous experimental studies. In the present work, the concept of agrotechnological deflection of a pneumatic tire is introduced. The developed model makes it possible to calculate the rut dept, the tangential and radial deformations of the tire, the longitudinal and normal deformations of the base, and the contact pressure under a known normal load on the wheel, wheel rolling radius and speed. We have also presented analytical and experimental dependences of the contact pressure and the rut depth on the size of the agrotechnical deflection
In modern conditions managerial accounting through its functions acts as the main information base of the organization internal activity management, its strategy and tactics. In our opinion, its basic purpose is an information preparation for adoption of operational and expected administrative decisions. The facts of economic activity connected with the formation of expenses, income and the facts of management results through influence both on expenses and on income are the most important for managerial accounting. Achieving stable success in the modern economy is largely due to the efficiency of the organization management. One of the most important problems of formation of effective management in organizations is the current management of the expenses in order to achieve the planned economic benefits in ordinary activities. Defining this problem as the major, its decision causes the necessity of revision of a role of registration information in the direction of increase in level of analyticity and targeting for development and adoption of economically reasonable operational decisions at each separately taken level of management. The special significance in these conditions belongs to search of the measures directed to decrease in level of expenses as the major means on ensuring competitiveness of the organization. Now managerial accounting is a component of an enterprise management system. To the theory and practice of managerial accounting it is paid much attention. Among foreign scientists works of such authors as: R.L. Akoff, To Drury, Ch. Horngren, D. Midlton, B. Rein, R. Antony, D. Higgins, etc. are the most known. It is possible to distinguish from the Russian scientists whose works are devoted to the organization and methodology of account: M.A. Vakhrushina, V.B. Ivashkevich, V.E. Kerimov, G.M, Lisovich, S.A. Nikolaeva, V.D. Novodvorsky, V.F. Paly, L.I. Horuzhy, etc. In this article authors have defined the main objectives of managerial accounting
In the conditions of the Northern and Southern foothill zones of the Krasnodar Territory, the soil preparation Reasil® Soil conditioner was tested to study its effect on the water – physical properties and structural state of the chernozem of ordinary and alluvial meadow soils. Field and field experiments were conducted in the Northern Zone when maize was cultivated in irrigation. The preparation was applied before sowing by the spreader "Amazone" under pre-sowing cultivation (to a depth of 12 cm) at a dose of 400 kg / ha. In the South foothill zone, the experiment was conducted on a crop – a seedling tomato. The preparation was applied before planting seedlings in a dose of 200 kg / ha. It was established that the application of meliorant did not significantly change the density and total porosity in the arable and subsoil layers of alluvial meadow soil, which was 1,46–1,47 g / cm3 and 44,3–44,5 %, respectively, with practically no pores occupied air (porosity of aeration). However, the use of ameliorant on this soil contributed to an increase in the content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the arable and subsoil horizons, respectively, by 15,9 and 22 %, and the sum of waterproof aggregates by 8,4 and 1,5 %. In the northern zone, when maize was grown, it was established that the application of meliorant did not significantly change the soil density and total porosity in the arable and subsoil layers of the chernozem plain, where it amounted to 1,29–1,32 g/cm3 and 51,6–51,5 % at rather high aeration porosity. The meliorative method reduced the content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the arable layer of chernozem by 15,4 % and increased their quantity in the subsoil horizon (1,4 %). The number of waterproof aggregates increased on the variant with the use of ameliorant, respectively, by 19,9 and 2,8 %
The article presents results of studies on the intraspecific structure of the population of blast causative agent using sets of tester varieties from International Rice Research Institute - IRRI. The differentiation of the fungus population on tester varieties is the most progressive, since it allows one to determine the virulence genotypes of races of pathogens and identify the resistance genes of rice plants effective for them. The work has studied the diversity of blast causative agent in released rice varieties by morphological and cultural traits. Currently, in the world, the resistance of rice plants to blast is becoming one of the important indicators of the competitiveness of varieties. The basis for the successful rice breeding for resistance to blast is the availability of source material with a fairly wide spectrum and a high level of resistance. Resistance donors are selected based on the identification of genes that control this trait in rice
The modern level of cultivation of agricultural animals requires new approaches to the processing and disposal of manure. To do this, it is necessary to develop effective ways of converting waste into organic fertilizers, which, in the form of liquid effluents, make it possible to enhance and preserve the soil fertility of agricultural landscapes. This is especially necessary to be carried out on black soils, where irrigation of crops with prepared and diluted drains has a positive effect on the harvest. Therefore, the creation of manure processing systems by technological sequentially related operations is an urgent problem. Cattle manure is considered as a poly-dispersed system with sedimentation and physical and chemical properties. In this case, the system requires the sequential solution of a number of complex tasks: removal of various inclusions from manure, especially colloidal and fibrous particles; prevention of premature separation of manure during homogenization; preparation of manure for separation into liquid and solid fractions is a basic technological scheme that is universal and applicable to all types of livestock-raising complexes. A feature of the integrated cattle manure disposal line is a lagoon for year-round storage of a certain amount of manure drains prepared for irrigation during the growing season. For the creation of the lagoon, a film coating is used - it works as an anti-filtration screen
The article outlines the idea of a methodology for locating distribution centers of a spatially distributed distribution network without restrictions on the territory. In the past fifteen years in Russia, the profitability of offices and retail space has been significantly higher than logistic complexes. At present, it is possible to talk about a change in the investment attractiveness of the segment of distribution centers and storage facilities. The method consists in solving three problems: determining the number of distribution centers that need to be placed using the method of comparing options; determination of the best locations for placement of distribution centers using the ant colony algorithm; identification of the best location from the previously determined ant colony algorithm using the penalty function method. This method of optimal placement of objects of a spatially distributed complex can be applied not only to the distribution network, but also to any transport company with distribution centers, for example, a logistics company, delivery services, etc.
The article is devoted to the current problem of differential diagnosis of diseases of viral etiology in small pets. Viral diseases of dogs and cats are widely distributed among both pedigree and non-pedigree animals. The spread of diseases is facilitated by the increase in the number of small pets, the popularization of pet maintenance, cross-border operations associated with the movement of animals. The importance of express methods in laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases is considered. Reducing the time of diagnosis contributes to the effectiveness of therapeutic and anti-epizootic measures. The place of infectious hepatitis of carnivores in the structure of morbidity of dogs is analyzed. The article describes the research in determining the optimal systems for the cultivation and subsequent isolation of the infectious canine hepatitis virus in high titers. If viral biomass needs to be increased, the choice of a cultivation system for maximum harvest is of paramount importance. The authors propose a method of obtaining and purification of viral antigens to use them for preparation of diagnostic kits. The release of the isolated fraction of ballast substances, which provides rapid response and strong binding to specific immunoglobulins is essential for the preparation of antigenic drugs. It is important to obtain antigens with a high degree of purification to get reliable results in the formulation of serological reactions
Efficiency of tobacco green leaf processing can be increased by utilizing innovative equipment and technology improving. As a part of research and postgraduate work technology and equipment for tobacco green leaf processing were elaborated. Elaborated equipment consists of set of devices for preparing tobacco leaves for drying, drying and packaging of dry tobacco. Basic element of the equipment is double-sided needle, designed for threading the tobacco leaves and their further curing directly on the needle. The set of devices is patented and has passed experimental testing. This equipment is implemented in scientific and economic activity of the institute. Testing the equipment for large quantities of tobacco has proved the efficiency of new technology for preparing and curing the tobacco leaves and confirmed the validity of technical solutions and characteristics of manufactured equipment. It is determined that 50 devices for double-sided needle arrangement are sufficient per 1 ha of tobacco field. Leaf mass per one double-sided needle can reach 3 – 4.5 kg, depending on weather conditions. Carried experiments have proved the necessity of cutting the upper part of the petioles when placing long stemmed tobacco sorts and periodic distribution of leaves on the needle during the curing. Performing these operations led to obtaining the cured tobacco of high quality. Results of the semi-industrial experiments have proved the efficiency of elaborated technology. Utilizing of innovative equipment is recommended for industrial production of dried tobacco