A promising is currently the use of asynchronous generators with capacitive excitation as a source of electricity in stand-alone power systems. Drive asynchronous generators may exercise as a thermal engine and wind wheel wind power plant or turbines of small hydropower plants. The article discusses the structural and schematics of voltage stabilizers and frequency of asynchronous generators with improved operational and technical specifications. Technical novelty of design solutions of the magnetic system and stabilizers asynchronous generator of electricity parameters confirmed by the patents for the invention of the Russian Federation. The proposed technical solution voltage stabilizer asynchronous generators, can reduce the weight of the block capacitors excitation and reactive power compensation, as well as to simplify the control system power circuit which has less power electronic devices. For wind power plants it is an important issue not only to stabilize the voltage of the generator, but also the frequency of the current. Recommend functionality stabilizer schemes parameters of electric power made for direct frequency converters with artificial and natural switching power electronic devices. It is also proposed as part of stabilization systems use single-phase voltage, three-phase transformers with rotating magnetic field, reduce the level of electromagnetic interference generated by power electronic devices for switching, enhance the efficiency and reliability of the stabilizer.
Synchronous generators are the primary source of electrical power autonomous electrosupply systems, including backup systems. They are also used in a structure of rotating electricity converters and are widely used in renewable energy as part of wind power plants of small, mini and micro hydroelectric plants. Increasing the speed and the accuracy of the system of the voltage regulation of synchronous generators is possible due to the development of combined systems containing more stabilizers. The article illustrates the functional schemes of circuit voltage stabilizers and frequency synchronous generators (with electromagnetic excitation and permanent magnet excitation) and describes the features of their work, including two and three-aggregate rotating converters of electricity used in uninterruptible power supply systems. To improve the technical characteristics of the system of stabilization we have proposed functional solutions for stabilizers of synchronous generators made on the base of direct frequency converters and using a transformer with a rotating magnetic field. To improve the reliability of and to improve the operational characteristics of the autonomous independent sources of electricity we suggest creating the main functional blocks and the elements of the stabilization system in a modular way. The functional circuit solutions of voltage regulators of synchronous generators and the characteristics of their work considered in the article, are able to improve the efficiency of pre-design work in the development of new technical solutions for stabilizing the voltage and the frequency in synchronous generators of electrosupply autonomous systems
The current-voltage characteristics and the number of
effective ion transfer, as well as the frequency
spectrum of the electrochemical impedance of
multilayer ion-exchange membranes in a stable and
controllable thickness of the diffusion layer were
measured, using the of rotating membrane disk
complex. The article presents a comparative analysis
of the frequency spectra of the electrochemical
impedance of the source and a surface-modified
monopolar anion exchange membranes in 0.01 M
sodium chloride was made. The process of water
molecules dissociation at current densities above the
limiting one in 0.01 M sodium chloride solution was
studied in detail
In the article volumes of genera, species of Coleoptera, Elateridae of the Republic of Dagestan are given
In this work, we consider two types of vortex
currents-cyclones and anticyclones in the Northern
and Southern Hemispheres. Numerical modeling of
turbulent flows of these types uses the model of the
planetary boundary layer developed by the author.
The purpose of the study is to test hypotheses about
the influence of the Coriolis force on the formation of
cyclones and anticyclones in the northern and
southern latitudes. The first hypothesis on the
direction of circulation in cyclones was verified in the
case of axisymmetric radially converging and
vertically rising turbulent flows with a natural
Coriolis parameter and viscosity. From the obtained
data of numerical experiments, it follows that the
current in the northern latitudes circulates in a counter
clockwise direction, and in the south - in a clockwise
direction, in full accordance with the observational
data. Thus, we have shown that a cyclonic flow is
formed in a turbulent radially converging flow under
the influence of the Coriolis force. The second
hypothesis on the formation of anticyclones was
verified in the case of radially divergent and vertically
descending turbulent flows. Because of numerical
experiments, it was established that in this case, the
current in the northern latitudes circulates clockwise,
and in the south - in a counter clockwise direction,
which corresponds to observations for anticyclones.
To test the effect of the cyclone (anticyclone) center
velocity on circulation, a nonstationary 3D model of
turbulent flow was developed. Within the framework
of this model, flows in cyclones and anticyclones
moving at a constant speed, as well as in shear flow,
are studied. Some types of loop protuberances on the
Sun are explained by the presence of a vortex
turbulent flow starting in the bowels of the Sun and
encompassing the chromosphere
A Karelian stage in the life of the great Russian artist,
Nicholas Roerich, is relatively well-known. However,
researchers have not been practically studied the
period of residence of the Roerich family in Vyborg. It
is known that N. Roerich was friends with the Finnish
artist A. Gallen-Kallela, who helped him to remain in
Finnish Vyborg in the period of revolutionary events
in Russia. From October 1918 to May 1919 the
Roerich family lived in Viborg in Ladaunkatu (now
Turgenev St.), №8. The painting «Autumn» (1919)
was written by the artist during the Vyborg’s period.
The painting was created in a fantastic manner which
was usual for the artist. Unfortunately, at the moment
nothing is known about his other works with views of
Vyborg. However, in the catalog of his works,
published in the USA in the 1920-es , under the name
of each picture is given information about where and
when it was created. Thus, under some of the works of
the artist is the mark: «Painted in Viborg». So, today
we can say about some works of master, which he
wrote in Vyborg. In the first place, there are famous
paintings of the artist: «Repentance», «Call of the bell.
Old Pskov», «Sons of the Heavens», «The heat of the
Earth», «Autumn – Vyborg», «Les Miserables
(Outcast)», «Treasure» and others. As well, in 1918 at
the time of staying the family in Vyborg a number of
sketches in "Vyborg Notebook" were made by his
son, Svetoslav Roerich, who was then 16 years old.
Probably, inexhaustible diligence of Roerich gave a
rise to other works with the theme of Vyborg, which
scientists do not know because this topic has not been
investigated
The article discusses the question of the concepts of heat
and internal energy of a body. The analysis of these
concepts in the historical aspect and the views of the author,
based on the new photon theory of atomic structure were
presented in this study. The analysis of the historical aspect
of this question tells that the concepts of heat and internal
energy of the body for a long time were associated with the
concept of caloric, which can flow in the substance. The
next step was the identification of the concept of heat with
energy linked with the movement and work. In accordance
with this, Clausius proved the equivalence of heat and work
as the first principle of the theory of heat and introduced the
concept of internal energy, which can be increased in two
ways - making work on body, and summing heat to it. Thus,
energy was the main uniting factor of work and heat. Then,
the kinetic theory of heat, as the energy of motion of
molecules, was developed by Maxwell and caloric model
turned out to be a hindrance in the development of the
theory of heat. In fact, the internal energy of the body is
determined photons, rotating around charged particles in
atoms in their orbitals. The series of photons are combined
into a single photon orbital direction of rotation of the
photons, which are different from each other. Thus, the
body has an internal energy or internal heat. It is due to the
energy of photons, orbiting electrons in the outer shell of
each atom, as well as around the charged particles -
electrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom. This
internal energy may be increased by mechanical action on
the body, leading to an increase in resulting oscillation
frequency of photons around charged particles of atoms and
the internal heat contained in the body can flow of the body
with a higher concentration of heat to the body with a lower
concentration of heat
Water calculations with an account of quests of water users and water consumers with the supply situation 50, 75, 95 % were done and their results on whole water complex on the branches of economics.
Influence of system of the basic processing of soil and system of fertilizers of a sugar beet on accumulation of the general and productive stock of a moisture in the beginning and in the end of vegetation, total water consumption and water consumption factor, and also influence of these agro receptions on productivity and sugar content of root crops is studied
Numerous revealed negative impacts of the diamond
industry and Vilyuiskaya HPP on the aquatic
environment and biological objects are more expressed
in the change of the hydrochemical regime in water
basin of Viluy and as its consequence - in violation of
the structural and functional nature of the components
of aquatic biota; in the change of he average biomass
and abundance of planktonic populations
(phytoplankton and zooplankton) and benthic
organisms, and in general - in the change of the flow
energy in an aquatic ecosystem