Scientific Journal of KubSAU

In our study we attempt to analyze a new form of illustration − the meme that is widely used in science and educational process. To achieve this goal we had to assemble a collection of images to catalog and description in order to understand the new role of the illustrative image. Meme is defined as a unit of cultural information. According to the definition of Wikipedia, a meme can consider any idea, character, manner or way of doing things, consciously or unconsciously transmitted from person to person through speech, video, writing, rituals, drawings, gestures, etc. The term meme and the concept of the meme was proposed by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in 1976 in his book "the Selfish gene". The article shows illustrative examples of memes based on the artwork and paintings of the great masters of painting, considered the use of created images. It shows the history of illustrative memes and transformation of images in the modern world of science and education. Using memes in scientific work, as a form of illustration, it can be noted that visualization of the object of research allows you to develop visual thinking, which has identified a number of functions: cognitive, communicative, methodological. Cognitive function is manifested in the ability to cognize an object through an image, communicative – explain the problem or task through the image; methodological – to build research with consideration of the peculiarities of the structure and morphology of the object

In the article, we discuss issues of morphological and physiological control over plants of winter wheat. As the object of the research, we have selected landraces - the population of winter wheat, which was grown on the territory of the Kuban region in the last century. The aim of this work was determination of the effect on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties of factors such as conditions of cultivation and processing "Cecece 750" 1.5 l/ha D. V. crop retardant. To achieve this goal we have conducted a morphological analysis of the growth cone at the VI stage of organogenesis, which provide quantitative evaluation of potential future seed production of spike of winter wheat. To study the effect of the year of breeding on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties the analysis of variance was calculated according to the scheme 3×7 factorial variability characteristic due to the influence of genotype (factor B), cultivation year (factor A), that is repeated in time is interpreted as the effect of the year conditions of cultivation. The influence of retardant on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties was conducted using the analysis of variance on the above described scheme, 2×7, where the factor "A" is presented in two gradations (options, retardant treated and not treated), in this case, repeated for years was excluded as a factor. The result of researches indicates that the rate of realized productivity is variety-specific and can serve as a measure of the flexibility of the studied cultivars to different environmental conditions. The analysis of variance showed significant retardant effect on the realization of potential productivity in all variants of the crops of soft winter wheat. The comparison of the average general population indicates that the genetic potential of tall varieties may not manifest even in favorable for crop cultivation. The artificial reduction of plant height by inhibiting the growth of retardant is an effective way to identify high productivity of these genotypes as varieties of winter and Nemenchinskaya Old No. 346

In this article, we describe the experience of formation and creating illustrative images for the course called «Bioethics and questions of bio safety». The peculiarity of this course is to review bioethical problems in the context of concrete scientific activities of the biologist – research, experimental work. The part of the course issues related to Bio safety, is revealed as an interdisciplinary area of knowledge focusing on the identification, study and understanding of biological practice and biological research associated with broad philosophical and moral component. The main blocks have been identified, which form visual resources: animals in the experiment, the questions of bioethics in the media; the metamorphosis of the human body; chimeras in works of art. In the selection of illustrative images we have taken into account several aspects: illustration, as an information resource for the analysis of the studied phenomenon; illustration, as a form of motivation to seek information, the answer to the question; illustration, as an element of ethical education of the student to different issues of bioethics. For each semantic unit collected 20-30 illustrative images within two years. They are used both when reading a lecture course and as material for independent work of students. It is shown that the presented visual resources for the course reflect the basic components of visual thinking: linear; structural; combinatorial and functional

The article discusses the contemporary agrobotanical illustration, as an integral part of scientific and educational work. For the analysis of the issue, we set up the basis of illustrative images, which acted as the test material. It has been shown that visual images serve as the material for the development of visual thinking students are taught to read information, which represents the worksheet, to think and to create something new. The article considers art of graphics pencil using a computer-drawing program with processing in Photoshop. There are mixed techniques (mixed media), based on the use of traditional drawing and herbarium specimen, processed in Photoshop in the color. Another new direction of contemporary agroillustration is infographics. Its using in educational and scientific process is determined by the fact that infographics involves analytical processing of quantitative data obtained during the experiment. On the other hand, the data is needed to visualize, execute and present. A new direction in contemporary agro-botanical illustration is plant images taken with X-rays. The modern level of requirements to create images is high enough and it must be taken into account when carrying out scientific experiments, when it is necessary to demonstrate the object of research results. Modern agroillustration can be processed using various systems of artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, for example, the system named “Edos”

The work considers the method of sketches or visual notes which plays a basic role in the development of training courses. We have focused on the method of sketches as "a variety of visual notes, consisting of handwritten text, drawings, diagrams, figurative elements". For immersion of the student into the subject area or object of study, the visualization of the material is an effective technique of knowledge. Cognitive function is manifested through the ability to know the object by the image and the further formation of ideas about the structure of the material being studied. It is noted, that visual methods and techniques are especially effective in the first stage of researches. Then, there is the collection of material, knowledge of the research object. Types of pumpkins were the object of research, presented the works of artists of different periods. The collection consists of 120 images that were collected in the period from 2012 to 2016. In the work, the attempt is made using the method of visual notes and visual techniques to build images of plants pumpkins which displayed in art works of different centuries and interpreted as "a kind of door" through which we can enter in our area (introduction history of culture, archaeogenetic, developmental biology, the history of selection)

The article deals with agricultural markets through the prism of art. In the work with the help of pictures of artists, like the visual information on the history of agronomy, there were examined questions of introduction of agricultures in Russia, achieving selection works with agricultural plants, as well as we analyzed species diversity of long-bottle lagenaria, bottle gourd and turbanoforms pumpkin crops. Experience in this field has been put into the educational technology as a method of visual sketches or notes. In this approach, students develop cognitive function, since there is the collection of information about the object, in this case of agriculture, its introduction and spread and the changes that it undergoes because of the selection. The electronic database, with 50 works of art from various periods and performed by artists from different countries have been developed. Works of art from ancient times to the present day represent an alternative source of information about the history of agronomy, crop introductions and their spread. Systematic collection of images (iconography) will serve as an invaluable resource for further research in the history of every crop, and elements of technology of cultivation of plants and the preservation of biodiversity

The article considers issues of presentation of educational material using verbal and visual metaphors. Metaphors functions are analyzed, such as: representative, which is a new phenomenon and new object. The second function is the information, i.e., metaphor gives the initial information. The third function is called ornamental, where metaphor adorns scientific speech, makes it more intense. The fourth function of metaphor is explanatory that is metaphor explains the meaning of the phenomenon. The fifth function is economical, because the metaphor allows characterizing phenomena briefly and processes that are at a different way of expressing it was hard to describe. Sixth function is visual, as it creates an image, contributing to the achievement of this phenomenon. We have presented verbal and visual metaphors for each function in the example of teaching disciplines cytogenetics and genetic monitoring. For the implementation in the educational process of metaphors during 2 years of gathered verbal metaphors of scientific articles and books, and reinforce their visual metaphors based on works of art. It is shown that a metaphor conveys not only the primary sense, but also allows you to recreate a bright and unconventional way. In some cases, a metaphor can be a supplement to development of the new course, but sometimes they need to be the main focus in the presentation of the material

The article discusses issues related to visual thinking and educational technologies. We have noted the importance of visual thinking in the teaching process at the higher education institutions and defined its main functions. We have considered information technology for courses such as “History and methodology of scientific agronomy”, “Cytogenetics”, “Genetic monitoring”. The article substantiates basic postulates for the formation of visual environment: the ability to collect the material in accordance with the task and to define the basic accents, and navigate through all of the work; the ability to match the artwork to the selected research topic. As the technology, we have regarded the method of sketches or visual notes, and the method of visual metaphor. The method of sketches or notes was the basis for the creation of electronic databases with images of plants in different works of art. Visual notes allow visualizing the educational information by translating verbal elements of this information into visual that is "to be able to think visually." Works of art, as illustrative environment, have several meanings in training courses: an exemplary or motivation; illustration as a source of information for the analysis of the phenomenon under study; visual, that is paintings or works of art as an illustration of the student response, as a result of its self search. The visual metaphor is used to explain the material, understanding and comparison. Both methods are: the method of sketches and visual metaphors that allow the subject to learn, analyze, communicate and draw analogies with the subject area and to look for new images

The article analyzes pot culture as a part of agronomy history. The basic emphasis focuses on plant species diversity, the collection of certain groups of plants and their role in the history of agronomy. The tool of analysis was the visual images of the plants in the paintings of artists of different periods. Earlier, we performed the work on the history of introduction the number of agriculture crops. This approach is a method of visual sketches or notes; it gives a capacious and complete view of the agronomy development, where the illustrations are the paintings. For the analysis, we have created the base of image on the basis on 170 paintings by artists of different periods.The approach used in the work, enables the development of observation, stimulates cognitive function in students and teaches to make comparisons and visual analysis. In the work, on the basis of visual analysis, we show that the spread of flowering plants was conducted very actively in Russia. "Exotic plants" have been firmly established in the Russian farmstead life and became its daily life. Love to plants has no clear social boundaries, everyone has this feeling. Modern approaches are noted in the breeding and preparation of new crops based on tissue culture , genetic engineering, which allow to receive new exotic pot plants, not demanding growing conditions

The article discusses the effect of additional spikelets in the variety of Bezostaya 1 on the realization of productivity of the examined plants. We traced the frequency of occurrence of multirov spikes and studied the effect of this phenomenon on the productivity and the main quantitative characteristics of the studied plants. The article demonstrates the structure distinction of productivity for abnormal and normal ears. Experience was one-way vegetation, planted in triplicate, time of experiment - 2013 - 2015 years. The study revealed that the most frequent was the emergence of 1-4 additional spikelets per spike. Some quantitative characters had a slight deviation, these include the number of spiked ledges on the kernek, spike length and plant height. To a large extent we increased the characteristic values such as the number of grains per ear, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains onto the ledge, head weight and the weight of grains spike. We significantly reduced weight of 1000 grains. It was revealed that more localized spikes were mostly in the middle, the most productive part of the ear. As a result, changes have affected not only the quantitative characteristics related to the productivity of the ear, but also its architectonic whole