Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article discusses issues related to visual thinking and educational technologies. We have noted the importance of visual thinking in the teaching process at the higher education institutions and defined its main functions. We have considered information technology for courses such as “History and methodology of scientific agronomy”, “Cytogenetics”, “Genetic monitoring”. The article substantiates basic postulates for the formation of visual environment: the ability to collect the material in accordance with the task and to define the basic accents, and navigate through all of the work; the ability to match the artwork to the selected research topic. As the technology, we have regarded the method of sketches or visual notes, and the method of visual metaphor. The method of sketches or notes was the basis for the creation of electronic databases with images of plants in different works of art. Visual notes allow visualizing the educational information by translating verbal elements of this information into visual that is "to be able to think visually." Works of art, as illustrative environment, have several meanings in training courses: an exemplary or motivation; illustration as a source of information for the analysis of the phenomenon under study; visual, that is paintings or works of art as an illustration of the student response, as a result of its self search. The visual metaphor is used to explain the material, understanding and comparison. Both methods are: the method of sketches and visual metaphors that allow the subject to learn, analyze, communicate and draw analogies with the subject area and to look for new images

The questions of use duckweed as green vegetable are considered in article. The structure of types of duckweeds, their biological features, distribution in the world and in the territory of the Krasnodar region is shown. Possibility of their use as biotesters and bioindicators of the water environment, as analytical system for the analysis is shown. Questions of use of duckweed in artificial conditions as well as requirements to the content of culture are considered

The article discusses the contemporary agrobotanical illustration, as an integral part of scientific and educational work. For the analysis of the issue, we set up the basis of illustrative images, which acted as the test material. It has been shown that visual images serve as the material for the development of visual thinking students are taught to read information, which represents the worksheet, to think and to create something new. The article considers art of graphics pencil using a computer-drawing program with processing in Photoshop. There are mixed techniques (mixed media), based on the use of traditional drawing and herbarium specimen, processed in Photoshop in the color. Another new direction of contemporary agroillustration is infographics. Its using in educational and scientific process is determined by the fact that infographics involves analytical processing of quantitative data obtained during the experiment. On the other hand, the data is needed to visualize, execute and present. A new direction in contemporary agro-botanical illustration is plant images taken with X-rays. The modern level of requirements to create images is high enough and it must be taken into account when carrying out scientific experiments, when it is necessary to demonstrate the object of research results. Modern agroillustration can be processed using various systems of artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, for example, the system named “Edos”

The phenomenon of fasciation on the example of a higher plant called “Taraxacum officinale Wigg” has been considered. The effect of fasciation on the various particularities of plants has been shown. There are numerous examples of the different fasciation types of present plant’s type which are growing in different ecological areas. We have demonstrated that the phenomenon of fasciation exists in natural populations and in areas with development pressures, and it may occur after mechanical damage to plants of Taraxacum officinale. In most cases, fasciation is regarded as an exceptional phenomenon. A number of authors have distinguished fasciation to non-inheritable and inheritable. The first is the influence of external factors such as insect damage, injury, weather conditions. The second is caused by internal reasons. The number of regularities was installed that the reproductive bodies of plants are more often fascinated, and thermophilic forms are more likely to have fasciation. Photographic images of various types of fasciation, patterns and diagrams are given. Fasciation can be considered as a marker because of the connection of this phenomenon with the violation of the ecological situation. Plants with morphoses including ones with fasciation of individual organs, can act as indicators of pollution of the natural environment. Thus, the phenomenon of fasciation affects many areas of science, such as ecology, morphogenesis, genetic monitoring. The possibility of studying the phenomenon of fasciation on a model object of dandelion is shown. As a methodical approach to the study of this phenomenon, it is proposed to create a database of images, in this way it would be cataloging the image

The educational technology on the basis of the representation of artistic images has been discussed in the article. Fragments of the literature works may serve as an illustration to the formed students' perceptions of the phenomenon, are used as a research problem in the study of the course "History of agronomy." Excerpts from literary works of writers from different periods form the basis of artistic images of crops. The tasks with the description of certain plants taken from the literary work have been developed in the course "History of scientific agronomy" on the topic of the history of plants introduction into agricultural production. The examples of plants: nettles, clover, tobacco, wheat, and the future of the plant of the future were given in the paper. The following topics such as the history of the introduction of agricultural plants, the use of technology, technology of cultivation, the story spread have been considered in the paper. Due to the representation of works of literary art as an educational technology for course «The history of agronomy» in this area, main elements are: perception, reaction, learning, organization and the formation of values and orientation systems practice. Using the works of art allows us to develop the following functions of the educational process: developmental (facilitates search and analysis feature passages describing the history of the plants), motivational (encourages conduct an active search), teaches the basics of popularizing scientific agronomy through artistic expression, teaching observation, developing a productive search and cognitive activity of students

The article considers the issues of international spread the fruits of bottled gourd. Analysis of polymorphism of lagenaria fruits have been made on the basis of images of the paintings and sculpture, marked characteristic features of each country. Issues of selection on the basis of the trait of fruit form have considered

Works of painters of past is the source of information of crop domestication, use in horticultural, species diversity. Lagenaria crop images in painting can also be a resource for determining the morphological changes of the crop in evolution

The article considers turban cucumber forms, we have also described the origin of this characteristic, briefly overviewed turban forms in species of the family of Cucurbitaceae. We have given the agro-botanical iconography of this trait in pumpkin cultures for cucumis. In Europe, China and America turbanoformis cucumber forms are used as a vegetable, there are some varieties. It is shown that turbanoformis forms are found in the fruit of the cucumber with hermaphrodite flower, polunina ovaries, short or shareplace the melon, and also in forms with the ongoing evolutionary process

The definition of agro-botanical illustration has been considered in this article, showing its capacity as a resource for analysis in biological research and its importance in the development of agronomy

Plants images in painting, mosaics, scientific illustration, herbals and books or agro-botanical iconography is a valuable resource of the information about the history of the spread of various phenotypes, such as turbanoformis form of pumpkin in the past century in different regions of the world