Name
Omarova Zukhra Magomedovna
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
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Honorary rank
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Organization, job position
SSI "Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops"
Web site url
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Articles count: 2
Feijoa crop is valuable due to the complex of useful
traits (high frost resistance, big yield, ornamental
value and long profitable period). These fruits have
delicate flavor, nutritional and dietary properties. The
fruits are juicy with a pleasant, gentle, refreshing
sweet and sour taste, specific strawberry-pineapple
flavor and contain significant quantities of important
substances for the human body. Pectin (up to 2.5%),
sugars (6-14%), proteins, vitamins, organic acids,
mineral salts, etc. are among them. However, the
challenge of its cultivation is the lack of cultivars and
plantations are represented by a mixture of hybrids
originated from free pollination, and characterized by
a great variety in biological and morphological traits,
differing not only in yield, but in size, shape and
yield period. In this connection, the breeders faced
the objective to create new cultivars of feijoa, using
classical and modern breeding methods and available
genetic resources for commercial gardening and
production. Development of the core hybrid diversity
material and selection of promising forms are the
most important stages of the breeding process,
providing success of further breeding programs. The
breeding of varieties and forms for crossings was
carried out according to the principle of combining
the desirable traits of the obtained offspring. There
are direct and reverse crosses in six combinations
('Dachnaya' x 'Superba', 'September' x 'Superba',
'Dagomysskaya' x 'Superba', 'Superba' x 'Dachnaya',
'Superba' x 'September', Superba ; X 'Dachnaya'). The
viability of the pollen was evaluated prior to
pollination, by germination on a nutrient medium -
1% agar-agar + 15% sucrose. The degree of fertility
varied year by year: in 2015 - 60-62%, and in 2016 -
68-77-88%. The best crossing combinations were
established 'September' x 'Superba' and the 'Superba'
x 'Dagomyskaya for the creation of the hybrid
genepool of Feijoa sellowiana. A high percentage of germination of the feijoa seeds was noted in
combinations of 'Dagomyskaya' x 'Superba' (74%)
and 'Superba' x 'Dagomysskaya' (70%).
The results of breeding of lignified cuttings of varieties and forms of Feijoa in the humid subtropical of Russia are presented. Lignified cuttings cut from the top and bottom were covered with uterine of root-own plant varieties of "Superba", "8-10""0-01"and "D-1" and placed on the beds with different substrates: tea soil; peat + sand, perlite. It is established, that the lignified cuttings from the bottom of the overgrown Feijoa variety “Superba” were better rooted in the "tea soil," from the top of the shoots - on the substrate peat + sand. Lignified cuttings of all forms and types of plants studied rooted worse in perlite