Name
Коnоnеnко Sergey Ivanovich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
North-Caucasus Research Institute of Animal
Web site url
—
Articles count: 32
In the current economic conditions of the import
substitution, special importance is given to the
search for new feed sources, methods of preparing
them for feeding, the use of biologically active
substances and enzymes. At the forefront of feed
production is rape as breeding work with this
culture has showed positive results. Currently,
selectionists have bred yellow double-zero "00"
varieties of rapeseeds free of erucic acid of
"Canole" type, that have low glucosinolate level.
The development of new and modern technology
standards are required for preparation them for
feeding, since they are fundamentally different
from the previously used rapeseed varieties and
have fewer restrictions for feeding to different
types of farm animals and poultry. The article
presents a fairly lengthy and reasoned review of the
literature of a large number of authors on the topic,
as well as given rapeseed market analysis, rational
and advanced methods of preparing rapeseed
processed products for feeding to young and adult
animals. Much attention is paid to the use of a
variety of biologically active substances and
enzymes, which improve digestion and absorption
of nutrients from rations with rapeseed
processingproducts, increase productivity and
reduce feed costs per unit of production. The use of
processing products of rapeseed improves the
profitability of livestock production. Feeding of
rapeseedcake to cattle increases the protein content
and volatile fatty acids in the rumen content,
increases the number of infusoria and decreases
ammonia levels. The inclusion of rape forage in
diets of farm animals and poultry improves
hematological parameters. Products of rapeseed
processing of the varieties with low
glucosinolatesa1re recommended for the rations of
farm animals and poultry depending on the species,
age and physiological state
The successful development of livestock requires
maintaining and further increasing of the genetic
potential, the basis for the manifestation of which is
the adequite balanced feeding. Currently, one of the
most urgent problems of livestock breeding is to find
ways for reduction of the negative impact of various
feeding factors on the animals. In industrial
conditions, it is difficult to exclude various feed
stresses, which lead to a decrease in productivity,
survival rate and ill health of animals and poultry.
The work summarizes the research in this direction,
taking into account the achievements of domestic
and foreign authors. A serious problem of feed
producing companies and livestock farms is the grain
and compound feed affection with fungi and their
metabolic products - mycotoxins. Based on the
results of the research of several authors, the ways of
solving this problem were identified and
recommendations on the reduction of the negative
effect on the body were provided. It is noted, that
one of the best and effective ways to reduce the
negative effect of mycotoxins on the body is a
method of administration of adsorbents in animal
feed. But it should be taken into consideration that in
order to maximize the protection against mycotoxins
and minimize their harmful effects on the body of
animals it is necessary to use preparations, which
include adsorbents of organic and inorganic nature,
as well as to comply with the dosage of their
introduction into the diets of animals and poultry.The
progressive forms of preparations of a new
generation, solving problems of the negative impact
of feeding factors, include probiotics, which contain
some bacteria, immobilized on the solid particles, so
that they inhabit the intestine faster. Modern
biological complexes have immune correcting
properties, increase non-specific resistance of the
organism, normalize microbiocenosis of
gastrointestinal tract, and stimulate the functional
activity of the digestive system. Therefore, it is
necessary to use feed additives with detoxification
properties as part of animal compound feed,
according to recommendations on their application in
appropriate dosages
The main diseases of lactating cows occur in the first
two months of lactation, i.e. during the production
peak of productivity. They are caused by the changes
in metabolism during the transition period, which are
not supported by adequate changes in the organization
of feeding, or rather sufficient to ensure cows with
nutrients, which causes a number of closely related
diseases. To allocate any of them is not possible, as
their manifestation depends on a number of reasons,
and depending on situation may prevail one or the
other. Among the most common diseases, there are
ketosis, milk fever (paresis of maternity), dysplasia of
the abomasum, acidosis, mastitis, endometritis,
laminitis and leukemia. These diseases cause the
greatest problems in herds with high productivity, and
are caused by changes in metabolism in cows in the
transition period and the inability to properly feed the
animals at this time. To identify the causes of these
diseases we do not need to study each of them
individually - it is enough to deal with the peculiarities
of metabolism. This period includes the month before
calving and the first or second month of lactation, but
the most important are 3 weeks before calving and 3
weeks later. In order to prevent metabolic disorders
there were developed and tested feed for feeding cows
before calving and immediately after calving. Their
effect was studied on milk production and health status
The aim of the research was to study the impact of
starter complete feed (CF) with different levels of
crude fat on the chemical composition of muscle tissue
and liver of young geese. During days 5-28 the poultry
was fed CF with 5.1-8.1 % crude fat, from 29- to 60-
day age – with 5.4 %. By increasing the level of crude
fat in starter CF there was a trend to an increase of the
phosphorus content in muscle samples of geese hip
and thigh - by 4.4-9.6 %, in the liver - by 27.2-53.5 %
(P≤0,05). The chest muscles of the young geese fed
high-calorie CF had 2.8-6.0 % higher fat content, than
that of counterparts in the first group. At the same
time, there was a tendency to a decrease in the
concentration of fat in the muscles of the hip and thigh
- by 1.9-5.0 % (P˃0,05). Increased level of crude fat in
CF did not have a negative impact on the accumulation
of heavy metals in the muscle and liver of geese, the
concentration of the studied elements was within the
permissible level established for food products
To improve the quality, safety and competitiveness
of the domestic raw materials of animal origin the
use of probiotics in the poultry industry is a priority
and promising direction of the development of
organic agriculture. One of the key problems of the
production of probiotics is to provide actively
stable preparations. Biocompatibility of the
indigenous microflora with probiotics, medical
form and individual range of antibacterial activity
of probiotics have a significant impact on the
introduction of probiotics in new habitat conditions
and its effectiveness. Consideration of these factors
can enhance the effectiveness of probiotics.
Currently, the available literature has insufficient
justification of certain doses of administration and
methods of using different probiotic preparations.
The materials present and summarize the results of
the research concerning the use of probiotics in the
poultry industry, based on the achievements of
Russian and foreign scientists. In addition, based
on the analysis of various sources of scientific
literature, we suggest ways to solve the problem of
probiotic therapy and give some recommendations
on the organization of the technological process of
selection and application of different probiotics in
poultryfeeding. Raw meat from poultry reared with
the use of probiotic preparations is safe, because
metabolites of probiotic microorganisms are not
accumulate in the body tissues. Researches of
biosynthesis regularities of probiotics were made at
the cellular level, including genetic aspects,
features of regulation of secretion, dependence on
the cultivation conditions, interaction with binding
sites on the cell surface, participation in the vital
activity of the population of individual cells. The
use of probiotics contributes to normalization of
the intestinal microflora, activation of protein
metabolism, productivity increase, reduction of
feed costs per unit of production and increasing of
poultry industry economic efficiency as a whole
Under the current conditions, it is very important to
boost the production of pork and improve its sanitary
and hygienic quality for the successful handling of
problems subjected to import substitution of meat
products. This can be reached by means of
strengthening of food reserve. For that purposes, in the
frame of two experiments yacon tubers in combination
with enzymatic agent protosubtilin GZx have been
introduced in the intakes of fattening pork stores
instead of fodder beat, and various doses of carbitox
adsorbent have been additionally added when
superfluous background of heavy metals was
observed. During the 1st experiment, the substitution of
fodder beet with the similar quantity of yacon tubers
has allowed the animals of experimental group to
outweigh the ones from the control group on 7,5% in
the terms of gross formation of body weight, and to
gain 100 kg of body weight for 7 days ahead of the
animals from control group as well. Additionally,
fodder costs per product have been reduced and the
morphological and biochemical values of animals
blood have been optimized. Based on the data from
2
nd experiment, it has been defined that the better dose
for feeding of adsorbent carbitox was 2,0 kg per tonne
of concentrates thereby the animals of 3rd experimental
group had reasonably higher body weight gain and
thereby higher feed-conversion ratio by products.
Therewith, the animals intermediary metabolism has
been speeded up due to optimization of morphological and biochemical values of blood and reduction of
heavy metals content in blood serum, in other words
level of zinc, lead and cadmium was not exceeding
maximum allowable concentration
This work considers the needs and methods of phage
therapy of two bacterial infections in poultry. The
review examines the use of bacteriophages, from the
moment of their discovery to the present day. We
discuss the relevance of such diseases as
compilobacteriosis and colibacteriosis transmitted
from birds to humans, we show how to use
bacteriophages and their efficacy in models of adult
birds and chickens, including information provided on
the pilot study of phage therapy at a poultry farm. The
reported study was partially supported by RFBR,
research projects No. 16-44-230855 and No. 13-04-
00991 and № 16-44-230855-р_а
For further increasing pork production and to increase
its quality it is necessary to provide complete and
balanced feeding of young pigs for fattening. The
special place takes the issue of satisfying their
physiological needs in macro and micronutrients. The
most cost-effective step in these circumstances is using
bentonite clays as natural mineral supplements. The
aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition
of bentonite of Zamankulskaya field on the energy
growth, digestibility and the digestibility of nutrients
of the diet of young pigs. According to the results of
the survey, the best productive effect was when
ensuring free access to the bentonite, so that the young
pigs of the 3rd experimental group vs control group had
significant superiority according to gross and average
daily live weight gain and feed products. According to
the results of scientific and economic experience, it
was found that with free access to the bentonite best
economic and useful indicators were observed in the
animals of the 3rd experimental group against the
control analogs, as they had significant superiority in
terms of absolute live weight gain and feed
consumption per unit of production. During the
physiological exchange of experience the most
beneficial effect on the hydrolysis of complex organic
compounds had bentonite feeding with free access of
pigs. The result was a significant superiority of the
experimental animals over the control ones in
coefficients of digestibility of dry matter, organic
matter, crude protein, crude fat and NFE. To improve
the digestibility and absorption of nutrients in the diet
of young pigs it is advisable to feed them with
bentonite clay as natural mineral supplements with free
access
In our country, great influence is given to the
production and consumption of agricultural animals'
meat with high consumer qualities. In this regard, the
livestock producers, particularly pigs, are to increase
production and improve product quality. Works on
using some natural mineral complexes - bentonite and
zeolites as a source of macro - and trace elements are
performed. The aim of the research is to study the
effects of bentonite feeding with free access on the
meat productivity and hygienic meat quality of young
pigs for fattening. Best effect on the slaughter indexes
of fattening gilts had bentonite feeding with free
access that resulted in significant superiority of the
animals in the experimental group over the control
counterparts on pre-slaughter live weight, slaughter
weight, chilled carcass weight, slaughter yield, carcass
length, the "muscle" eye area and the backgammon
weight. More favorable effect in the longest muscle on
the dry matter and protein synthesis was provided by
bentonite feeding with free access. Due to this, the
gilts of the experimental group were in significant
advance of their control counterparts in concentration
of dry matter and protein in meat. Along with this, the
longest muscle of young pigs on fattening in the
experimental group had the highest protein value, as
according to the protein-qualitative indicator the
animals of this group were in significant advance of
the control counterparts. Feeding bentonite clay with
free access had a strong detoxifying effect that is
against control counterparts of gilts in the experimental
group showed the significant reduce of lead, zinc and
cadmium concentrations in the meat
In the review, the stages of designing therapeutic cocktails of T4 type bacteriophages based on works by Harald Brüssow from Nestlé S.A. (Switzerland) are considered. The main stages of this process are identified: analysis of existing cocktails, selection of phages; creating a collection; cultivation of the host bacterium, multiplication of viruses; purification of the preparation; contamination testing; preservation, stabilization and storage; preclinical and clinical trials. H. Brüssow first studied the Russian drug " Coli-Proteus bacteriophage " of "Microgen" with the help of metagenomic analysis, electron microscopy and conducted its clinical studies. Prof. Brüssow considered the advantages of T4 bacteriophages for the treatment of Escherichia coli infections. Researchers studied methods of cultivation in Erlenmeyer flasks, in a bioreactor, in disposable sack cultivators for the propagation of viruses. For its purification the chromatography, centrifugation, filtration and polyethylene glycol precipitation were studied. To quickly check the contamination of phage cocktails, a mass spectrometry method is proposed. Researchers considered basic strategies, such as lyophilization, spray drying, the formation of microcrystals and microspheres to stabilize the preparations. They also reviewed the results of clinical trials of phage cocktails. We have listed the problems of selecting T4 bacteriophages from the point of view of modern knowledge. H. Brüssow and his colleagues carried out an interesting work on the construction of phage cocktails based on T4 type bacteriophages, and also revealed the problems of the current state of phage therapy