Name
Maslov Gennady Georgiyevich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
Web site url
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Articles count: 21
The use of grain-harvesters in field work and their influence on the reduction of machinery demand are given on an example of a typical farm
Improvement trends of methodical approaches in complex cereals harvesting in optimal terms with technical support substantiation are considered. Structure and technical equipment are considered as well
The article presents analysis of the problem of increasing the quality of the implementation of mechanized operations to harvest crops and seed dressing chemicals. The quality of grain harvesting combine harvesters was considered for the new modern harvesters in terms of crop losses, grain crushing and microdamages. The quality of seed treatment is considered on the basis of the ejection slot-spraying nozzles at ultra low seed coming down with a conical distribution surface, ending rounded shape logisticians. The problem of improving the quality of the grain harvest is mainly due to its losses for the combine and injury. By the way, the amount of grain crushing almost half its losses determines the percentage of the combine. The greatest fragmentation occurs in the threshing and separating device (LSG) combines with a hammer drums and several times lower - in the axial rotor LSG. At last there is a big advantage - high performance combines that preference when replacing obsolete machines with a hammer apparatus. Quality depends on the etching uniformity of distribution of atomized liquid droplets and completeness of etching. The proposed new flowsheet Dressers fixed flow distribution and ejection-slotted spray solution of the working fluid has significant advantages: reliable processing of seeds, completeness (not less than 97%) and uniformity (98%) of dressing material. Optimal duty cycle flow of seeds created by a fixed cone with an angle of 45 degrees, the spatial arrangement of ejection nozzles relative to the flow of processed seeds provide good quality of work
The article presents technologies and design features of the proposed chisel combined unit, combining in a single pass over the field 3 operations: deep loosening, crumbling additional topsoil and alignment, fertilizing. Design features of such a subsoiller as the basis of the unit include a chisel on each rack, fixed at an angle of 15-25 degrees to the horizontal and lessons along the center line of the rack feet, and flat cutting fun-leveling, consisting of two coaxially bred drums equipped with ripper teeth securely fastened according to our patents and placed in 5-9 rows on the surface of the drums on the helix, with rows of teeth on both drums have the opposite direction. The teeth of the first drum are long by 5-9 cm than the second, the clearance between the teeth of the first and second drum does not exceed 1.5 cm, and the ends of the teeth between the first reel and the cylindrical surface of the second - 1 cm. Front legs each provided with a divider soil laid down by its center and related to the lower of its parts - the bit. The first reel is mounted to 5 cm clearance between it and the cylindrical surface of the soil, which improves process reliability. We have got analytical dependences of the required power for the engine of the tractor unit with the proposed change of the working speed and width at the optimum utilization traction tractor plowing 0.9. We have justified a preferred brand of domestic and foreign tractors for this purpose
Using the example of three multipurpose assemblies
(MPA) we have presented the possibility of the cost
and loss function appliance for the substantiation of
the design and operating parameters as the criterion of
optimization. The mentioned objective function of
mathematical model is the sum of expenses on the
performance of the scheduled amount of automated
tasks and the cost of the crop loss related to the failure
of meeting deadlines. It is common knowledge that
the longer the execution of work lasts (e.g. crop
harvesting), the more value it loses. The extremum of
the cost and loss function is the minimum of the sum
of expenses and the cost of losses which sets the
optimal parameters, the mode of the MPA functioning
and the work duration. The cost of inputs for the work
performance within the objective function includes
operating costs of the MPA for the scheduled amounts
of work. With the increase of the duration of these
works the expenses decrease, however, the cost of
losses grows. The sum of the costs of inputs and
losses has the extremum that sets the solution
optimality. The cost of crop losses depends on the
purchase price for the harvested crops and the crop
losses intensity for each day of harvesting which we
have already developed significant dependencies for.
We have suggested the control flow charts for
optimizing the MPA parameters and their functioning
modes, we have evolved the notion of the objective
function and the method of its calculation for different
sets of assemblies. Through the example of the
multipurpose complex assembly for stubble soil
cultivation and simultaneous green manure dropping,
we have analyzed the results of the task solution using
the cost and loss function which is an effective
method of the parameter optimization and the
functioning modes of various machine assemblies and
facilitates the choice of alternative options
There have been suggested the courses of refinement
of the crop production technologies, has been studied
the efficiency of multipurpose assemblies (MPA) in
the process of mechanization of plant growing, which
provide the production of competitive agricultural
products, more perfect machinery construction and
tools, improving the quality of automated tasks
completion, the issues of machine stock renovation,
raising the effectiveness of their use, complexity of
tasks, integrity and continuity of the working process,
environmental safety of the production. The high level
of the complex task performance is based on
combining several technological operations,
completed during a single pass of MPA, drastically
refining the basic variants of the technologies. Using
the example of the multipurpose assembly Vector for
stubble tillage, introduction of mineral fertilizers,
planting of intercrops and packing of soil, we can
observe a significant advantage of the suggested
technology in comparison with using a mass produced
single-function machine. Combining several
technological operations in a single MPA pass
guarantees agritechnical, ecological, energetic and
economic efficiency. However, no attention is still
paid to the issue of the crop losses decrease (direct and
indirect) during harvesting, as well as to the problem
of the complexity of postharvest tasks simultaneously
with harvesting (tillage, planting of intercrops,
introducing fertilizers, etc). In the current article we
have provided the results of these studies. Respecting
the regulations of environmental safety of technical
units leads to the soil fertility raise and the pollution
decrease of agricultural products. All of them are
carried out in the technical support of the crop
production technologies
There have been suggested the courses of the machine
technologies refinement in the process of spiked
cereals production. The course of their technical
update was studied in our previous article. There were
analyzed the drawbacks of the modern machine
production of crops and we presented the course of
their elimination due to the technology optimization,
resource and energy preservation, machine
technologies of soil improvement and new innovative
technological solutions. The suggested technology
optimization was designed taking into account
rigorous alternation of crops in the rotation,
optimizing of breeds and crossbreeds, application of
intermediate crops simultaneously with harvesting the
previous crop, introducing progressive methods of
chemical treatment and synchronous tillage. The
resource and energy preservation is based on the
combination of technological operations coinciding
with the tasks in agricultural terms during a single
machinery pass across the field, application of the
mobile power unit (UPU-450), low- and ultralow
capacity spraying, optimization of choice of certain
agrimethods in the process of crop production and the
resource calculation of estimated crop yield. In the set
of soil improvement courses we have studied the
mechanization of the restoration processes of natural
soil formation, defecate introduction, the use of
stubbly remains, compulsory presence of permanent
grasses in crop rotation. New innovative solutions in
the crop production technologies include the
refinement of the mechanization facilities in tillage,
spraying, new methods of crop harvesting
(unwinnowed bread, root tow, cleaning of thrashed
heap after the harvesting, etc). We have analyzed the
ways of mechanization of “organic farming” and seed
treatment with biologic mixtures
The system of the main handling of the soil on an agrolandscape basis in the conditions of Kuban is analyzed and in relation to it the technical supply promoting competitive production of crop production is proved. Conservation and expanded production of humus of the Kuban chernozems is possible only in case of observance of recommendations and the balanced biologically adaptive system of agriculture providing improvement of water and physical and chemical properties of the arable land in various agrolandscapes due to observance of crop rotations, the technology space, the boardless, surface and "zero" treatments with creation of a favorable phytosanitary situation, use of a crop residue remaining balance, green manure, a fertilizer, manure and composts. The application was recommended in the system and technicians of new generation with automated control systems and work quality control, the sparing tradable systems, admissible weight with use of navigation aids and GPS is proved. We have suggested a system machine for soil cultivation in the Kuban region, it radically changes technologies, reduces the nomenclative list of the used equipment, facilitates servicing and operation of machines, improves rhythm, threading of production processes and complexity of the performed works. All this promotes decrease in capital investments and a work gain in productivity. The offered technical supply of system of the main handling of the soil for conditions of the Krasnodar region is proved taking into account agrolandscapes and evidence-based system of agriculture, auxiliary the main component - resource-saving system of the tillage machines which are qualitatively carrying out agrorequirements, reducing costs and promoting the increased product competitiveness of crop production
A methodology for a multilevel system approach to
integrated optimization of processes of harvest,
transportation and cleaning of the grain during the
harvest by the method of «Neveyka» has been
developed. The main method of research - is a
queuing theory of all components of the yield except
straw. The System consists of 6 interconnected
subsystems with their inputs and outputs, and its own
optimality criteria. On the first level of optimization,
the most efficient way of wheat harvest «Neveyka»
has been proved. On the second level - the total
duration of the harvest with allowance for 4-5
cultivated wheat sorts, each of which is harvested
within 5 calendar days, was optimized. The third
level proves the requirement of combine harvesters
and transport vehicle. On the fourth level - the
combinations of harvesting and transport units are
optimized on the criterion of the minimum amount of
the loss on the mutual expectations of harvesters and
vehicles. The fifth optimization level proves the
capacity of the reception station of the grain storage,
where the main criterion for optimality is the least
amount of losses on the mutual waiting time of the
transportation vehicles, and the additional criterion is
the minimum waiting time of vehicles in the queue.
On the sixth and the final stage the specific annual
economic effect (rub/ha or rub/t) from the
implementation of the proposed technology is
determined. It is established, that during the grain
harvesting, transporting and processing of heap there
are elementary or Poisson probability flows of
requirements for service. The Representation of
harvesting - transport link in the form of closed
queuing system of independent harvesting unit. An
approach to the justification of failure-free operation of a station for cleaning grain heap and storage of
grain and chaff is presented
Using queuing theory (QT) for the new technology of harvesting of grain crops by the method of «Neveyka», the method of optimal designing of maintenance system and elimination of failures of units used in cleaning technology and post-harvest processing of grain has been considered. On the basis of a systematic approach, taking into account the probabilistic nature of the change of operating factors the methodical directions of validity test of the adoption of the Poisson distribution in the calculation of operating modes were substantiated to optimize maintenance level units and eliminate failures in the operation of the machines, the probability of failure-free operation of harvesting and transport aggregates. The probability of failure-free operation of each type of units used in the cleaning of grain depends on their number and intensity of service. According to the numerical value the probability of failure-free operation of units is equal to the probability of idle units for maintenance and elimination of failures. Since it is impossible to determine separately the value of the probability of failure-free operation for all types of units and all kinds of services at different operating conditions the generalized solution has been offered, this solution is applicable to any serviced unit during both the technical inspection and elimination of failures. By specifying the desired value of the probability of failure-free operation of harvesting units, according to their number we can determine the appropriate ratio between the average length of service and the average period of time between incoming service requirements (technical inspection and elimination of failures) from one unit