Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The use of grain-harvesters in field work and their influence on the reduction of machinery demand are given on an example of a typical farm

Improvement trends of methodical approaches in complex cereals harvesting in optimal terms with technical support substantiation are considered. Structure and technical equipment are considered as well

The system of the main handling of the soil on an agrolandscape basis in the conditions of Kuban is analyzed and in relation to it the technical supply promoting competitive production of crop production is proved. Conservation and expanded production of humus of the Kuban chernozems is possible only in case of observance of recommendations and the balanced biologically adaptive system of agriculture providing improvement of water and physical and chemical properties of the arable land in various agrolandscapes due to observance of crop rotations, the technology space, the boardless, surface and "zero" treatments with creation of a favorable phytosanitary situation, use of a crop residue remaining balance, green manure, a fertilizer, manure and composts. The application was recommended in the system and technicians of new generation with automated control systems and work quality control, the sparing tradable systems, admissible weight with use of navigation aids and GPS is proved. We have suggested a system machine for soil cultivation in the Kuban region, it radically changes technologies, reduces the nomenclative list of the used equipment, facilitates servicing and operation of machines, improves rhythm, threading of production processes and complexity of the performed works. All this promotes decrease in capital investments and a work gain in productivity. The offered technical supply of system of the main handling of the soil for conditions of the Krasnodar region is proved taking into account agrolandscapes and evidence-based system of agriculture, auxiliary the main component - resource-saving system of the tillage machines which are qualitatively carrying out agrorequirements, reducing costs and promoting the increased product competitiveness of crop production

There have been suggested the courses of refinement of the crop production technologies, has been studied the efficiency of multipurpose assemblies (MPA) in the process of mechanization of plant growing, which provide the production of competitive agricultural products, more perfect machinery construction and tools, improving the quality of automated tasks completion, the issues of machine stock renovation, raising the effectiveness of their use, complexity of tasks, integrity and continuity of the working process, environmental safety of the production. The high level of the complex task performance is based on combining several technological operations, completed during a single pass of MPA, drastically refining the basic variants of the technologies. Using the example of the multipurpose assembly Vector for stubble tillage, introduction of mineral fertilizers, planting of intercrops and packing of soil, we can observe a significant advantage of the suggested technology in comparison with using a mass produced single-function machine. Combining several technological operations in a single MPA pass guarantees agritechnical, ecological, energetic and economic efficiency. However, no attention is still paid to the issue of the crop losses decrease (direct and indirect) during harvesting, as well as to the problem of the complexity of postharvest tasks simultaneously with harvesting (tillage, planting of intercrops, introducing fertilizers, etc). In the current article we have provided the results of these studies. Respecting the regulations of environmental safety of technical units leads to the soil fertility raise and the pollution decrease of agricultural products. All of them are carried out in the technical support of the crop production technologies

There have been suggested the courses of the machine technologies refinement in the process of spiked cereals production. The course of their technical update was studied in our previous article. There were analyzed the drawbacks of the modern machine production of crops and we presented the course of their elimination due to the technology optimization, resource and energy preservation, machine technologies of soil improvement and new innovative technological solutions. The suggested technology optimization was designed taking into account rigorous alternation of crops in the rotation, optimizing of breeds and crossbreeds, application of intermediate crops simultaneously with harvesting the previous crop, introducing progressive methods of chemical treatment and synchronous tillage. The resource and energy preservation is based on the combination of technological operations coinciding with the tasks in agricultural terms during a single machinery pass across the field, application of the mobile power unit (UPU-450), low- and ultralow capacity spraying, optimization of choice of certain agrimethods in the process of crop production and the resource calculation of estimated crop yield. In the set of soil improvement courses we have studied the mechanization of the restoration processes of natural soil formation, defecate introduction, the use of stubbly remains, compulsory presence of permanent grasses in crop rotation. New innovative solutions in the crop production technologies include the refinement of the mechanization facilities in tillage, spraying, new methods of crop harvesting (unwinnowed bread, root tow, cleaning of thrashed heap after the harvesting, etc). We have analyzed the ways of mechanization of “organic farming” and seed treatment with biologic mixtures

Using the example of three multipurpose assemblies (MPA) we have presented the possibility of the cost and loss function appliance for the substantiation of the design and operating parameters as the criterion of optimization. The mentioned objective function of mathematical model is the sum of expenses on the performance of the scheduled amount of automated tasks and the cost of the crop loss related to the failure of meeting deadlines. It is common knowledge that the longer the execution of work lasts (e.g. crop harvesting), the more value it loses. The extremum of the cost and loss function is the minimum of the sum of expenses and the cost of losses which sets the optimal parameters, the mode of the MPA functioning and the work duration. The cost of inputs for the work performance within the objective function includes operating costs of the MPA for the scheduled amounts of work. With the increase of the duration of these works the expenses decrease, however, the cost of losses grows. The sum of the costs of inputs and losses has the extremum that sets the solution optimality. The cost of crop losses depends on the purchase price for the harvested crops and the crop losses intensity for each day of harvesting which we have already developed significant dependencies for. We have suggested the control flow charts for optimizing the MPA parameters and their functioning modes, we have evolved the notion of the objective function and the method of its calculation for different sets of assemblies. Through the example of the multipurpose complex assembly for stubble soil cultivation and simultaneous green manure dropping, we have analyzed the results of the task solution using the cost and loss function which is an effective method of the parameter optimization and the functioning modes of various machine assemblies and facilitates the choice of alternative options

The urgency of the task in creating a reliable plant protection system is the improvement and development of new technologies for spraying crops on the basis of fundamentally new agricultural requirements at a higher quality level, increasing productivity, reducing energy costs and greening protective measures. Pneumatic slotted sprayers have great design capabilities allowing obtaining operating parameters necessary for the specific task of the sprayer. In this regard, we have proposed a technological scheme of the sprayer in the garden-vineyard version. To do this, the sprayers are placed in pneumatic ducts of the fans mounted on the sprayers. It is possible to reduce energy and resource costs, to achieve high quality indicators of the process and to increase the level of environmental friendliness by developing technical means for ultra-low-volume spraying. The principal novelty in solving the problem of ultra-low volume spraying is the use of KubSAU design pneumatic sprayers on the sprayer, and the scheme of the technological process, allowing the reduction of the working fluid and pesticides doses rate, resulting in reduced operating costs to support operations: preparation of working fluids and filling the sprayers. To process two rows simultaneously, it is possible to use sprayers equipped with two centrifugal fans with the installation of pneumatic slit sprayers with fixation in the ducts that they overlap, forcing the air from the fan to pass through the atomizer body, mixing with drops of working fluid. In this case, the speed of the air-droplet jets increases and more efficient use of the air jet from the fan occur. Along with the use of sprayers, equipped with KubSAU design pneumatic sprayers, to combat pests and diseases, we propose to use a sprayer to combat weeds in the trunk area of perennial plantations. Thus we have a family of ultra-low volume sprayers with pneumatic slotted sprayers of the Kuban State Agrarian University design

The tasks set in "The strategy of engine and technological modernization of agriculture until 2020" provide growth of labor productivity by 3–4 times. In our article, we have attempted to concretize in a zone sectional view the direction action for successful engine and technological modernization for the purpose of implementation of such strategically important point. Radical modernization of system of vehicles for complex mechanization of field husbandry based on the domestic equipment in relation to natural and technological conditions of the Krasnodar region is offered. Realization of system of transport is supposed with use of the equipment of the fourth generation, but in 2020 the equipment of the fifth generation and innovative processing methods for production of grain crops has to be realized. It is noted that the solution of such task without the state participation is impossible. The fundamental principles of improvement of system of vehicles for field husbandry and engine technologies are offered. The main of them is a new system of mobile power, new highly productive motorless grain - beetroot-, forage harvesters, new multipurpose units with the offered devices for combination of the technological operations changing labor-intensive technologies radically. We offer replacement of heavy tractors, self-propelled combines; cutting-down of the nomenclature of the equipment at the expense of multipurpose units, main application of fertilizers along with processing of the soil, drop of sealing of the soil and its dispersion. The offered technical re-equipment of branch will provide precision performance of operations, increase in labor productivity and economy of resources