Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article presents the results of studies on the biological characteristics of growth and fruiting, as well as the yield of adaptive varieties of strawberries in the conditions of the Prikubanskaya horticulture zone of the Krasnodar region. The objects of study are new and promising varieties of strawberries: Zenga-zengana (k), Onda, San-Diaz. The experiments were performed using the method of randomized reps. In the experiment there are 3 options, in each there are three replications of 20 plants. Variants and repetitions are placed sequentially. Agricultural records of the growth and fruiting of strawberry plants were carried out according to generally accepted methods; statistical processing of research results was carried out using the analysis of a variance method described by B.A.Dospehov. The results of our research showed that Zenga-zengana bushes (control) turned out to be the tallest. In the Onda variety, the height of the bush is 2 cm less than in the control variety; and San Diez varieties are 4 cm, respectively. It should be noted that the most undersized plants require a smaller area of nutrition. It has been established that flowers pollinated a few days after their disclosure develop more rapidly into berries than those that were pollinated immediately after opening. Pollen in flowers of the first order is less than in flowers of the third or fourth order. The stamens of the first flowers are often underdeveloped, their pollen is released and germinates worse. In our experience, the average weight of fruits and the yield as a whole depends on the biological productivity of the varieties. Onda was the most fruitful variety, and the rest varieties were at the control level

The article presents the results of the fertilizers use effect on dry wine materials produced from the Chardonnay variety, grown in the Anapo-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar region, Russia. As a result of wine materials analysis, increase of tartaric acid was noted, with the autumn application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the spring application of ammonium nitrate. At the same time, its optimum content was noted with nitroammophos. Also, the minimum concentration of malic acids was detected by the application of nitroammophos with potassium fertilizers. In its turn, early spring application of ammonium nitrate reduced the concentration of malic acid below the control sample (without fertilizers). It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in this winemaking zone also contributed to a reduction of lactic acid in the must. At the same time, the application of nitroammophos (especially together with other mineral fertilizers), contributed to the accumulation of citric and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds. Moreover, the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the autumn contributed to the accumulation, and, consequently, also to the increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the resulting must. In addition, the studied samples of wine materials contained high alcohol concentrations and low concentrations of sugars with volatile acids. At the same time, the maximum amount of alcohol exceeding its content in the control sample was revealed when phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were used together with nitroammophos fertilizers. It is also noted that the application of ammonium nitrate did not affect this indicator. As a result, the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied concentrations made it possible to prepare wine materials that contained a low concentration of sulfur dioxide, which is substantially lower than the harmful concentration for humans. In addition, increased concentrations of hydrogen ions in variants with the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers have made it possible to reduce the number of iron tanates and the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes

The results of comparative analysis of three white muscat grades of grapes Viorika, the Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan according to the biological indicators of fructification, productivity, quality of berries, mechanical structure of bunches, suitability for manufacture of direct extraction juice and dry wines are depicted in the article. All studied grades differ by high percent of fruiting runaways and high factors of fruiting and fructification. The highest factors of fruiting and fructification of runaways are reflected at grade Viorika, and the lowest - at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways according to the length of a fruit spear are high and rather levelled at all grades. That is why, depending on bushes forming, it is possible to apply short and average (6-7 buds) length of vine cutting. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways from angular buds and sleeping buds are high enough, that shows to good regenerative ability of studied grades. Grades Viorika and the Muscat de Yaloven are tall, and the Muscat onitskan is average height. Degree of ripening of runaways at grades Viorika and the Muscat onitskan is good, at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven - satisfactory. Productivity of grades Viorika, Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan is 77,94; 81,52 and 72,72 centner/hectares, and efficiency of runaway - 199,5; 193 and 221,9 with a significant difference between grades on both indicators. The exit of a mash at grades was 77,5-79,4 %. According to the contents of solids, sugars and acids, grapes of all grades correspond to requirements for manufacture of high-quality direct extraction juice. From grapes of these grades, it is possible to produce high-quality direct extraction juice under the name of ampelographic and blended grades. Sampling estimation of dry wines from grapes of these grades fluctuates from 7,6 to 7,8 points: 7,8 (Viorika), 7,7 (the Muscat onitskan), 7,6 (the Muscat de Yaloven)

The article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the uvological, yielding and qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was performed in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes were laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a two-shoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes, there was formed the same load shoots and bunches. Scheme of experience: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2 - superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 – nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of the studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the Anapo-Tamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Autumn application of nitroammofoski (N120P120K120) provides an increase in yield by 68.3%, increases the yield of mash from a hectare by 76.7% and the collection of sugar by 97.6%. Autumn application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers (P90K90) and early spring application of ammonium nitrate (N60) also contributed to an increase in yields by 33.3 and 40.6%, respectively. On the output of the wort, these options are equal, and for the collection of sugar phosphate-potassium fertilizers exceed ammonia nitrate

The article reviews the results of studying the influence of mineral fertilizers on the qualitative indices of the Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot was in accordance with the accepted for the given zone and culture. Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes are laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a twoshoulder horizontal cordon. On the bushes we formed the same load of shoots and bunches. Scheme of the experiment: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option 2-superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt (P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 –nitroammofoska (N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of studies on the study of biological features of growth, fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows their high efficiency in the conditions of the AnapoTamanskaya zone of the Krasnodar region and can be recommended for use in production conditions. Mineral fertilizers ensures the receipt of dry bulk wine of superior quality control sample (without fertilizers) the concentration of tartaric acid 17.3 25.1 percent, phenolic compounds 17.1 – 40.0 %, and alcohol content of 7.2 and 9.3 %, titratable acids 11.8 and 13.7 %, given extract by 17.4 %, with a decrease of the mass concentration of total sulfur dioxide and pH. The most effective is the introduction of NPK (N120P120K120)

There were reviewed the results of the study of the dependence of main of phenological phases of development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named. P.P. Lukyanenko in a zone of sufficient moisture of Central Ciscaucasia (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as early-middle middle Rossiyskaya 1 from the change of average daily air temperature at different dates of sowing and preplant seed treatment by the preparation "TMTD-plus" containing the growth promoter called Krezatsin in its composition. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the department of crop and forage production of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The technology of maize growing on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard technology for this area and culture. The sowing was performed in three stages. The first (early) sowing period was at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) – was at t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing period was carried out at t = +15 ° C. There was identified a high inverse correlation between the average daily air temperature and the duration of the intraphase periods of maize propagation. Thus, at the shifting of maize sowing dates with the second half of may on the second half of April, the optimization of heat regime in the generative period and rising of efficiency of use of thermal of resources of the region. There was marked the acceleration of development of corn seedlings when the average daily air temperatures was up to +12 ° C at the samples with the application of the disinfectant TMTD-plus

There were reviewed the results of the study of the dependence of main phenological phases of development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko in the arid zone of Central Ciscaucasia (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the AllRussian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as early-middle Rossiyskaya 1 from the changes of average daily air temperature of planting dates and preplant seed treatment by the preparation "TMTD-plus", containing the growth promoter called Krezatsin in its composition. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the department of crop and forage production of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The technology of maize growing on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard technology for this area and culture. The sowing was performed in three stages. The first (early) sowing period was at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) – was at t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing period was at t = +15 ° C. There was identified a high inverse correlation between the average daily air temperature and the duration of the intraphase periods of maize propagation. Thus, at the shifting of maize sowing dates with the second half of May on the second half of April we have optimization of heat regime in the generative period and rising of the efficiency of use of thermal resources of the region. There was marked the acceleration of development of corn seedlings when the average daily air temperatures was up to 12 ° C at the samples with the application of the disinfectant TMTD-plus

There was given a review of the results of the study in the conditions of sufficient moisture of Central Ciscaucasia, the influence of planting terms and presowing seed treatment by the drug called "TMTDplus", containing Krezatsin growth stimulator in its composition, on the development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as middle- maturity population Rossiyskaya 1. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the chair of crop and forage production of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The soil surface of the experimental station of StavrGAU was presented as leached black soil. The technology of growing of maize on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard one for the present area and cultivar. The predecessor is winter wheat. Sowing was performed in three terms. The first (early) sowing term was carried out at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) - when t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing time was carried out at t = +15 ° C. The plant density: early-maturing hybrids – 70 thousand pieces/ha, is mid-maturing ones – 60 thousand pieces/ha, middleripe – 50 thousand piece/ha, middle-later ones – 45 thousand pieces/ha. The scheme is single-row, with spacing of 70 cm. The application of the studied drug TMTD-plus helped to reduce the growing season of maize plants for one - four days. Thus, changing the sowing terms of maize hybrids and populations, we can largely control the development of plants changing the length of the growing season to two weeks and form a harvesting conveyor, thereby reducing the intensity of field work

There was given the review of the results of the study in the arid zone of Central Ciscaucasia, the influence of planting terms and presowing seed treatment by the drug called "TMTD-plus", containing the growth stimulator Krezatsin in its composition, on the development of corn hybrids of different maturity groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko (Ross 199, Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170, Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as middlematurity population Rossiyskaya 1. The studies were conducted in accordance with the thematic plan of scientific researches of the chair of crop and forage production of the Stavropol State Agrarian University. The soil surface was presented as southern black earth. The technology of growing of maize on the experimental plot corresponds to the standard one for the present area and cultivar. The predecessor is winter wheat. Sowing was performed in three terms. The first (early) sowing term was carried out at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C. The second (recommended) - when t = + 10 ... + 12 ° C. The third (later) sowing time was carried out at t = +15 ° C. The plant density: early-maturing hybrids – 70 thousand pieces/ha, is mid-maturing ones – 60 thousand pieces/ha, middle-ripe – 50 thousand piece/ha, middle-later ones – 45 thousand pieces/ha. The scheme is single-row, with spacing of 70 cm. The application of the studied drug TMTD-plus helped to reduce the growing season of maize plants for one - two days. Thus, changing the sowing terms of maize hybrids and populations, we can largely control the development of plants changing the length of the growing season to two weeks and form a harvesting conveyor, thereby reducing the intensity of field work

There was given the review of the results of the study in the conditions of the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar region of the influence of the treatment of vines of Saperavi of lignohumates of the grade "В" (“LG-B Bio”, “LG-B Best Bio”, “LG- Best L”) on the quality of must and wine materials. The technology of the grape cultivation on the experimental plot corresponded to the adopted technology which is used in the JSC "Pobeda" of Temryuk District and was widely accepted for the keeping of fruit-bearing plantations of the zone of uncovered viticulture. Agrobiological works were carried out at the optimum terms and were of high quality. Vines of the third- year of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0 x 1,5 m. The forming is a one-sided Guyot with a height of the trunk in 60 cm. On bushes there was formed the same load shoots and clusters. There were carried out the treatments of grape leaf surfaces by the solutions of lignohumates twice: the 1st – before the flowering and the 2 nd in the beginning of the formation of berries (in 20 days after the first one). The spraying was carried out in the early morning hours. The accounting of the grape harvest and the sampling for the determination of the quality of must and wine materials (10 kg per each type) was conducted in September 20, 2012. The technological and physical-chemical analyses were carried out in the shop of mini winemaking and in the accredited testing laboratory of the grape processing of the scientific center of the winemaking SCSRIHGG of the RAAS. The preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B Super Bio" and "LG-B Best A" as grape growth regulators have the equal and stable effect