Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Results of research of influence of foliar top dressings by Zitovit and Zircon preparations on development of plants of grape of Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5ВВ grade on sandy soils are submitted. Processing of plants with Zitovit in conditions of their insufficient mineral nutrition through roots, improved their growth and development. Action of Zircon preparation for raising immunity promoted qualitative rearrangement of morphological parameters of development of plants

Necessity of application of Emistim preparation at various stages of clone micro reproduction is investigated and proved: induction of meristems into culture, micro reproduction itself, education of roots and micro grafting

This article presents information about the features of biotechnology as the driving force of scientific and technological progress. The national programs of the leading countries of the world, it is one of the priority sectors, reflecting the level of the socio-economic condition of the society. Biotechnology is now successfully solves such vital tasks as providing food, the establishment of effective medicaments, obtaining fuel based on renewable raw materials, maintaining ecological balance, conservation of biological resources of the Earth. The development of agriculture in modern conditions is impossible without agricultural biotechnology. It is directly related to viticulture. Choosing an object of an integrated system (embryos, apical meristem, axillary buds), it is possible to clone plants, i.e. produce plants identical to the original. If the same as the object to use isolated cells or protoplasts, in this case, there will most likely altered versions, creating diversity for the breeder. Genetic engineering – the science of younger, since the establishment of the first chimeric DNA molecule. The origin of genetic engineering is rooted in the development of molecular genetics, biochemistry. These technologies, undoubtedly progressive, but their biological safety is still insufficiently explored and is a danger to all life on Earth. The leading Western powers carried out strict control over the introduction of transgenic crop plants, as they are in agrocenosis new biological risks that may adversely affect the plants, animals and humans. In Russia, as in other countries, have already adopted the law “State regulation of genetic engineering”

In this article we present information on features of microcloning in culture of in vitro of perspective for Eurasia, pink and white-berry table genetic grades of grapes by I. A. Kostrikin, V. N. Kraynov and V. V. Zagorulko. Researches were conducted at an input stage in culture of in vitro of meristems of 0,1-0,2 mm in size. At the majority of grades and forms, we noted good regeneration abilities in the conditions of sterile culture. It is bound to the fact that almost all the studied grades: Anyuta, Bogatyanovsky, the Princess Olga, Preobrazhenie, Anniversary of Novocherkassk, Favor are received from crossing of couple the Mascot × Sultana-ray grape. And only grades called Libya and Lowland which showed lower regeneration properties at stages of proliferation and rooting of shoots are received from crossing the couple of Flamingo × Arkadya and (Talisman x Tomaysky) respectively. At the same time, the grade of Talisman, being one of the parents of the majority of the studied grades, showed stable results at all stages of cultivation

The generalized long-term experience on creation of base of Queen cells in grape varieties, improved in vitro culture, on the sandy array of Ust-Donetsk district of Rostov region. Problems frequently encountered on sandy soils and ways of their solution are shown. We focus on: rehabilitation of the landing of plants of grapes in the conditions of greenhouses, open ground, the optimum time and methods of planting. The work shows the effectiveness of different dressings and types of fertilizers, influence of drugs of new generation, affected the uterine protection of plantations from pests and disease, deep sandy soils freezing in winter, especially the development of root system of different varieties. On the basis of generalization of long-term data, we suggest the most appropriate solutions, and developed technology bookmarks and conducting basic queen cells from healthy in vitro planting material of grapes in the sandy array

The article presents the results of microclonal reproduction and recovery of native grape varieties, the creation of basic nursery. In addition to the culture of apical meristems, we have developed a chemotherapy using salicylic acid. A method of decontamination of plants from mycoplasma infection has also been developed, which includes the introduction of the antibiotic Cefotaxim in the nutrient environment at a concentration of 50 to 450 mg/L, depending on the degree of infection of plants. Adding to the nutrient medium of the drug Emistim reduces the death of meristems from infection by 3-5 times, improves their differentiation. The use of the drug Melafen helps to improve morphogenesis and quality characteristics of plants. The high survival rate of meristems during adaptation to non-sterile conditions has been noted. Biological testing on herbaceous indicators showed no chronic diseases. Plants after adapting to non-sterile conditions are planted, in the form of vegetative seedlings with a closed rootsystem, on the basic nursery. The survival rate of plants was 70-80%, in some varieties it is higher: 96.4% (Sypun black) - 98.6% (Krestovsky). It has been proved that in vitro clonal microbreeding there is no change at the genetic level even after 8 years of cultivation, which confirms the reliability of the developed technology of reproduction and recovery of native grape varieties in vitro