Scientific Journal of KubSAU

These studies are devoted to determining the characteristics of changes in some physiological and biochemical parameters of sweet cherry plants that arise under the influence of the main damaging factor of the spring period - frost and associated with the resistance of the plant organism to the action of stressor. The studies were carried out in 2012 and adjacent 2018-2019 in the fruiting plantations of cherries of the Kuban zone located on horticultural soils: leached chernozem and alluvial meadow. We studied sweet cherry varieties of different resistance to frost. Samples for analysis were selected according to the background of naturally prevailing positive air temperatures. The plant material was frozen in the Binder climate chamber KB 53 for 4 hours at a temperature of 2.5 ± 0.2 ° C. According to the results of the experiment, sweet cherry plants that differ in early flowering are more susceptible to the temperature stressor in the spring in comparison with late flowering plant organisms. Meanwhile, the resistance of plants to frost depends not so much on the date of differentiation of the generative buds, but on the efficiency of the physiological and biochemical activation mechanisms under the influence of an unfavorable synthesis factor in the flowers of indolylacetic acid, which is responsible for the efficiency of the onset of fruit formation, and ultimately a more complete implementation potential productivity. An important indicator of the stability of a plant organism is the degree of change in the content of this phytohormone

The work is devoted to studying the nature of the influence of individual abiotic factors of the southern territories of Russia on the features of the formation of an economic apple yield in adjacent years and the justification of the possibility of adjusting the course of this process in adverse environmental conditions. The studies were carried out in 2018-2019, which are distinguished by the manifestation of weather anomalies in the summer-autumn period. Field experiments were performed at the farms of the Kuban horticultural zone on soils suitable for planting fruit stands: leached and typical chernozems. The features of the development of plants of apple trees of winter varieties Kuban crimson and Fuji on the stock M9 were studied. In the experiments, an option is provided using foliar treatment of plants with Pomaset fertilizer. The effectiveness of the formation of the economic apple crop depends on the biological characteristics of the used pomological variety, as well as the temperature and moisture conditions during the growing season of the plants. Soil conditions do not significantly affect the course of this process. The probability of losing the potential apple crop at the XII stage of organogenesis (pre-harvest decay) under the influence of abiotic summer stressors: high air temperatures and water deficiency is noted. With the manifestation of extremely high air temperatures in late summer and during the autumn months, a significant increase in the duration of vegetation of various (especially strong-growing) apple varieties was recorded, causing a shift in the process of differentiation of generative buds (stages III-IV of organogenesis) to a later date, and, as a result, - decrease in potential plant productivity in the next season. With the manifestation of abnormal weather conditions, the prospects of foliar treatment of trees in the second half of the growing season with Pomaset fertilizer, which optimizes the fruiting of the apple tree in adjacent years, are shown. At the same time, the fruit yield in the current year is increasing by 9-14%, and in the next season - by 7-10% in comparison with the control values

In the article, long-term data (2007-2015) of biometric parameters of an elevated part of plants are provided. Assessment of prospects of five introduced botanical species of juniper is carried out and recommendations about their use in landscaping are made. From 25 studied grades of junipers of types: Cossack, Sredniy, Virginia, Horizontal and Scaly we have established very perspective, perspective and a little perspective for gardening in the conditions of a foothill zone of the Krasnodar region

The researches were about availability of the appliance of some physiology active matters – aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and melafen for optimization of yield formation for orange and apple trees. Field researches were conducted in 2011-2012 in commercial orchards in the region of Gingin in the Western Australia (climate of the region – Mediterranean, the soil – sandy) and in 2015-2016 in apple orchards of the botanical garden of Kuban State Agrarian University (climate of the region - moderately continental), started in 2006. The article shows expediency of using inhibitor biosynthesis of ethylene of AVG at a concentration from 20 to 60 mg /l when the orange fruit size was 3.0 cm, and the growth regulator "Melaphen" (concentration 1˟10- 9 М) in the second half of the vegetation period of apple plants (for 45-50 days before harvest). The use of treatments in these terms reduces pre-harvest fruit drop and thus increase the economic productivity of fruit trees (apple in - up to 11%). It is noted that a variety of orange called Washington Navel is more responsive to the increased concentration of AVG, than the variety of Lane Late (optimal concentration of 60 and 20 mg / l, respectively). We have shown a wide spectrum of action of the treatment "Melaphen" on apple plants. Along with the retention of the fruit on the tree, it enhances the activity of plant growths in summer and some weakening concerning tabs flower buds as well as the displacement of their development. However, the use of melaphen in this period increases the efficiency of the formation of various parts of flowers and fertilization in the next season. With such results of the adjustment processes of vegetative growth and generative development of plants under the influence of physiologically active substances, it will ensure the formation of relatively high and regular yields of fruits

The researches are devoted to the determination of physiological parameters of grafted apple-trees joining with the level of their resistance to the change of soil рН. The experiments were carried out in the conditions of lysimetric experience with the soils use characterizing by different value of рН. The scheme of experience included the following variants of soil medium reaction: neutral (рН 7,3), typical for black soils of plain part of the region (control); weak-acid (рН 6,2) existing in soils of foothill zone of the region (grey and brown forest); strong-acid (5.1) typical for brown forest soils; weak-alkaline(рН 8.3) occurring in black soils of south and sod-carbonate soils, strong-alkaline ( рН 8.8) typical for maternal types of many black soils. There were studied the varieties of apple-trees Prima, Florina and Renet Simirenko grafted on stocks M9 and MM106 and as well as corresponding the non-grafted stocks. The reaction of grafted apple-trees on change of рН of soil is specific and depends on adaptive possibilities of grafting components: varieties and stocks. At the stock M9 we can see the active growth of shoots and roots in the meaning of pH values from 5,1 (strong-acid reaction) to 7,3 (neutral). Plants MM106 prefer neutral (pH 7,3) and weak-alkaline (pH 8,3) soils. Independently from stocks for the variety Florina the most favorable weak-acid soils and the variety Prima – mainly neutral. The variety Renet Simirenko possesses enough high and stable functional activity in the conditions of wide range of the medium reaction: from very acid to alkaline one

There was substantiated the purposefulness of introduction in non-irrigated organic gardens of apple-trees of Kuban zone of in-row sodding of soil with naturally growing grasses providing the increase of plant resistance to abiotic stressors of summer period and as a consequence, stabilization of generative activity and the increase of fruit productivity

There was determined that the heat resistance of fruit and decorate plants depends not only on their morpho-biological peculiarities but on the specific of temperature stressor revealing in corresponding years. There were selected three types of influence of high air temperature on plants on plants during summer period and three components of heat resistance respectively. There were cited possible mechanisms of plant adaptation to overheat. There were cited diagnostic criteria of their heat resistance

There was shown the influence of unfavorable climatic factors on the development of fruit cultivars. There were studied the peculiarities of potential realization of fruit trees productivity in connection with weather anomalies

There was determined the stability of new varieties of tea-hybrid roses to biotic and abiotic stressors. There was given the assessment of their decorative qualities

In the article, there were determined the physiological parameters of resistance of stocked plants to in-creased pH soil. There was shown, that the resistance of apple-trees to the action of edafic stress-factors achieved in the case of their grafting on average-growing clone stock MM 106