Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Problems of biometric evaluation of morphological features of clones for identification of variety group Merlo genotypes were considered in the paper.

The clone selection has very outstanding position behind the actual problems of modern viticulture in the world and in our country. This problem usually has the primary importance behind the scientist who works with grape in all the countries such as USA, German, French, Spain, Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Moldavia, Ukraine and etc. In our country last years some positions becomes solving in the plane of scientific research work. Consequently, in the article the history and the situation of clone selection of grape on the Eurasian continent is widely covered.

The polymorphism is the diversity of varieties in ampelografy - the presence simultaneous permanent in the population of two or several phenotypic and genotype differing groups of plants of one variety – i.e. clones. In viticulture the isogenic population is usually called “clone” and variety as the total of clones or forms – i.e. it is heterogenic. Polymorphism of varieties has big practical sense, as varieties-clones have the harmonic complementary adaptive ampelocenosis and higher economical effect for production. In the article the polymorphism of two heterogenic population - the group Pinot and Riesling, which are the best specimen of French and German viticulture is described on the phenotypic level of leaves

The analyze of the genetic relationship or diversity between clones was made by using the microsatellites in the groups with black berries: Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot, and with white berries: Muscat white, Riesling and Pinot. It was possible to approve the objective evidence on the polymorphism between these forms during this analyze. These results become the rationale for the selection, breeding and making registration of these protoclones of four above-named varieties groups in the varieties-clones for state research: Cabernek, Cabernet Fanogoriisky, Cleret temrukskii, Merlok, Pinot white, Rieslinalk, Riesling Anapa, Riesling Fanogoriisky, Muscat Temruk, Shardonek and others. These varieties-clones are accepted by State commission of Russia, they will enrich the viticulture assortment of Anapa-Tamanskay zones of Kuban, therefore Russia too

Vitis vinifera subsp. silvestris Gmel. is the wild subspecies of Vitis vinifera L. and an important source of genetic resources for grapes breeding. Currently, this form is very rare in the world. In this paper, conducted the first study of wild grapes which was found in the North Caucasus with the use of two microsatellite markers. The study have shown a high level of genetic diversity: intrapopulation variability was 75,2%, the interpopulation variability accounts was 24,8%. All populations are characterized by certain unique genetic structure and may be as donor of resistance genes which have a long-term evolutionary selection

Two methods were used for DNA extraction from herbarium leaves of two subspecies: V. vinifera subsp. sativa D.C. и Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris Gmel. DNA extraction is difficult from herbarium leaves plants because of the presence of metabolites that interfere with DNA isolation procedures and downstream applications such as DNA restriction, amplification, and cloning. The quality of DNA was checked on a spectrophotometer by measuring the level of absorption at A260/280 nm. The results showed the successful extraction from mature and dried leaves of DNA when using the СТАB-method №2. Another method hasn’t shown satisfactory results in amplification of DNA

Extraction of the DNA from leaves of genus Vitis is a very difficult task, as a grape has a lot of elements, which make difficult to use it in the genetic manipulation. In that article used the methods of extraction of the DNA with silica (SiO2) particles as the absorbent material for getting better quality DNA

In the article we have studied 55 aboriginal varieties, collected in the North Caucasus. We have described allelic diversity and identified four haplotypes. All the populations were closely related while being examined using a factor of Nei's genetic distance (Dn), with the exception of indigenous varieties of Armenia. Maximum differences have been found between the Uzbek population and Astrakhan, Turkmenian, Armenian populations. The most genetically rich were the population of Don area and Krasnodar region

The analyze of the genetic relationship or diversity between clones was made by using the microsatellites in the groups with black berries: Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot, and with white berries: Riesling and Pinot. These results become the rationale for the new technology of clone selection, breeding and making registration of these clones of four above-named varieties groups in the varieties-clones for state research: Cabernek, Cabernet Fanogoriisky, Merlok, Pinot white, Rieslinalk, Riesling Anapa and Riesling Fanogoriisky. These varieties-clones are accepted by State commission of Russia, they will enrich the viticulture assortment of Anapa-Tamanskay zone of Kuban, therefore Russia

The analysis of genetic polymorphisms of 12 autochthonous grape varieties grown in the National ampelographic collection of Russia (Anapa district of the Krasnodar region) through the study of allelic diversity at six microsatellite loci: VRZAG79, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VRZAG62, VVS2 has been done. We have found that all native varieties have a unique set of allele. The assessment of genetic relationships varieties has been performed using cluster analysis. Data for DNA certification of the investigated genotypes of the grapes has also been obtained in the article