Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The history of department of genetic, breeding and seed-growing is linked to development of Kuban Agricultural Institute. The role of B.K. Enken – the second chief of department a famous scientist on breeding and seed-growing is showed

The history of department of genetic, breed¬ing and seed-growing is linked to develop¬ment of Kuban Agricultural Institute. The role of V.E. Borkovsky – the third chief of de¬partment a famous scientist on breeding of the castor-oil plant is showed

The history of department of genetic, breeding and seed-growing is linked to development of Kuban Agricultural Institute. The role of V.S. Pustovoit – the first chief of department, a famous breeder of sun-flower is shown

CJSC Priazovskoye located in the Slavyansk district is in the area of the Priazovie marshes. Soil and climatic conditions make it possible to grow many heat-loving crops including rice. The farm specializes in the cultivation of rice and the production of meat and cattle dairy products. The rice system is divided into 8-crop rotations, where, in addition to rice, animal feed is grown. Livestock waste is used as organic fertilizer in the fields of crop rotation. In the field experiment with perennial grasses (alfalfa) as predecessor, the change in yield and seed quality of three rice varieties Rapan, Diamant and Flagman was studied. The rates of the applied fertilizers were: phosphorus 100 kg/ha, potassium 60 kg/ha and increasing rates of nitrogen from 30 to 120 kg/ha. It has been established that the optimal rates of nitrogen fertilizers after alfalfa are 90 kg/ha (a.i.) for Rapan and Diamant varieties and 60 kg/ha (a.i.) for Flagman. At the same time, the maximum grain yield was obtained for Rapan - 7.45 t/ha, Diamant - 8.27 t/ha, Flagman - 7.62 t/ha , and the best seeds were formed in terms of germination and emergence. Analysis of the crop structure of rice varieties showed that with increasing rates of nitrogen the productive tillering and grain mass per panicle increased. With the nitrogen rate higher than the optimum, the number of unfilled grains per panicle and the grain /straw ratio have increased. Based on this analysis, it can be considered that the number of unfilled grains per panicle and the grain /straw ratio can serve as indicators of the response of rice plants of these varieties to an excess of the optimal level of mineral nutritions

There was described the history of rice growing branch formation on Kuban from thirties to eighties of XX century: from first sowings to the production of a million ton of rice. The role of academician E.P.Alyoshin in the development of Kuban rice growing was marked. There were shown the ways of rice harvest increase on Kuban at present time

A new science – genetics was born in the first decade of XX century. The part of G. Mendel as a founder of this science is showed here. Also here are scrutinized tasks of scientists - biologist, who assist to the making and progress of genetics

In breeding programs, evaluation of initial material is made on all the stages of developing the variety. Great difficulties for the breeding process are made by absence of modern mechanisms for storing, retrieving, manipulating the relevant data, and using the information previously obtained for use in solving the set breeding task. In order to organize the management of breeding process for development of high-quality rice varieties, based on the urgency of problem of intellectual analysis of data, the Database "Rice Quality" was designed as a set of structured data - the rice quality characteristics identified in the stages of the process of developing variety belonging to the "Rice". In the domain model, the infologic model, a set of parameters for evaluating rice quality in terms of out-of-program components is defined. The program is written in the Microsoft Access database environment using built-in query building tools, forms, reports. The structure of the developed tables includes static and refreshed directories in which the necessary information is stored, the tables are combined into one-to-many relationships, while ensuring data integrity, cascading updates and deletion of fields

There were described the rice varieties created in Russia for production of children’s and curative nutrition. Among them are waxy varieties as Viola and Violetta, long-grained – Snezhinka and Avstral and red-grained – Mars as well. There were cited the agro biological characteristics of these varieties

Russian rice variety called Leader is widely cultivated in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. Elite seeds of the variety are produced in the Krasnodar region. Leader possesses field resistance to blast disease. One of the mechanisms for the formation of rice plant resistance to the causative agent of the fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cav is an increased accumulation of silicon (SiO2). Biochemistry studies have shown that pathogen-resistant varieties accumulate up to 19% silicon in flowering scales, and susceptible - less than 14%. The article presents the study materials of rice plants of the rice variety Leader with sowing rates of 700 and 350 seeds per m2 in the field trials. As a result, a correlation has been established between the plant density of the rice variety Leader, the silica content in the flowering scales of the kernels and the damage to the plants by blast disease. Shoots of rice were obtained when wet, so field germination reached 69-70%. In the first variant, the number of sprouting exceeded 490 pcs/m2 with single-stem plants having poorly developed panicles and partially infected by P. oryzae. The yield of rice was 5.75 t/ha. In the second variant, the density of seedlings was 244 pcs/m2. The plants were well developed, they formed 2 and more shoots at tillering and had large panicles without signs of disease. The yield was 8.10 t/ha. Biochemical analysis showed that in the first variant, the flower scales of single-stem plants contained 13.8% SiO2, and in the second 19.5%. The conclusion was made that for such varieties as Leader, the high density of plant stand is unacceptable. Under conditions of increased competition, rice plants form a weak root system, accumulate little silicon, and therefore can be affected by blast disease. When studying the reaction of the plants of rice variety Leader to different levels of mineral nutrition, it has been defined that the optimal development of plants occurs at the plant density of 240-250 pcs/m2 and the level of mineral nutrition N120P100K50

Among fungus diseases of rice, blast is the most harm-ful. The disease is caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Rice is sensitive to blast at all fazes of vegetation. In Russia, the purposeful breeding of rice varieties re-sistant to this disease began in 1982. Over the past period, the rice varieties which are genetically protect-ed from blast and not requiring crop protection have been created