Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article deals with the problem of assessing the quality of land settlements of Krestetsky uyezd in Novgorod province since the time of cadaster descriptions of Novgorod land to fieldworks of Russian soil scientists. The comparative aspect studies information of cadastres in the middle of the XVI century, Economic notes to the General landsurveying of the Russian Empire in the second half of the XVIII century and "Soil and Geological essay of Krestetsky uyezd" at the beginning of the XX century. Due to this research a database included information about the settlements having existed in the territory for centuries, with the description of land quality and fertility was compiled. The analysis revealed that according to field studies, mechanical and physical composition of soils in Krestetsky uyezd within the same soil type was very diverse. General land surveying described soil based on the predominance of muddy substances, sand or clay, but at the same time the characteristic of grain yields played an important role. In the XVI century the categories of good, medium and poor lands could have the lands with the same composition of the soil, and the probability of it was especially strengthened by the prevalence of certain soils in the region. However, at the micro level of individual settlements of graveyards certain regularities in land assessment shown in the objective signs that can be identified on the country are traced. The graveyards of Derevskaya pyatina included in Krestezkiy uyezd deals with such objective indicators as worsening assessment of the quality of land including the availability of various types of clay which are subsoils of many local soils

The article discusses the traditional meals of Russian peasants and reserve sources of its supplement in the sixteenth century. The dependence of traditional food on the environment is observed in this article. Food reserves in lean years are identified as well