Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article presents a comparative analysis of national economic importance of winter barley in relation to other crops. The advantages of winter barley in a number of factors have been observed. The information about acreage under crop and gross yield of this crop is presented in an article in the form of tables. The authors have studied such important factors as a dynamics of acreage of crop yield in the main regions of cultivation. Against the overall negative dynamics of sown areas, they noted a clear increase in 2013. An analysis of grain yield of winter barley in the main regions of cultivation by year has been presented graphically. Special attention was paid to the Southern Federal District and the Krasnodar Territory in particular as a major producer of grain of winter barley. The analysis of yields in the major regions of cultivation of winter barley showed a clear advantage of the Krasnodar region. The index of the average grain yield of winter barley cultivation in this region for the period from 2003 to 2008 has been shown. Moreover, the article has presented the role of sorts in increasing the yield grade. We have also highlighted the issue of selection of winter barley in our country. The desirability of increasing the production of winter barley in the Russian Federation has been noted as well

The article presents an overview and in-depth analysis in the area of barley grain production. The statistical data and comparative analysis of total yield of barley in the Russian Federation with respect to other cultures, widely cultivated in our country, such as sunflowers, oats and wheat has been presented. The structure of sown areas occupied by the culture of barley in the Russian Federation for the period from 1990 to 2013 has been presented graphically; we have analyzed the trend of their increases and decreases over the years. The article presents and visually shows a comparative analysis of crops like winter and spring barley. At the same time, due to a significant warming, distinct advantages of winter crops to spring crops in the cultivation of them in the southern regions of the country have been noted. The recommendations on the feasibility of increasing the cultivated area were made. Indicated by the national economic significance of culture, we show the examples of its use in industrial processing. In addition, long-term analysis of statistical data on the yield of major crops grown in the Russian Federation, such as wheat, barley, maize, millet, oats, rice, legumes, sunflower, soybean has been performed

Barley (hordeum vulgare) is a valuable food and forage crop. It is cultivated in the world on an area of about 60 million hectares. A major region of barley cultivation in the Russian Federation is the Southern Federal District. The variety is one of the main factors determining the demand for crop. To use the varieties effectively we must have a complex of economically valuable traits such as hardiness, resistance to lodging, disease and pest resistance. These traits make it possible to generate the harvest high and stable from year to year. The article is devoted to the analysis of winter barley varieties, created in the south of Russia from ancient times to the present day. The main achievements of the leading Russian breeding facilities and experienced breeders of scientists set out in chronological order. The article describes the methods and principles of selection (from individual selection to mutagenesis and complex selective breeding) used to breeding the new varieties of winter barley. The most attention is given to the outstanding varieties included to the mating program today

The problem of increasing resistance of winter barley to adverse conditions of winter is the most problem in the selection area of this crop. The main component of this complex trait is the frost resistance. Laboratory methods of assessment of frost resistance are important for breeding of winter barley. These methods can effectively replace more costly method of direct freezing in the freezers. Magnesium cations (Mg++) are essential components of the protein-synthesizing system of germinating seeds. Magnesium cations determine the stability and translational activity of mRNA and rRNA. Trilon B is usually used for in vitro banding of magnesium cations in area of biochemistry of the nucleic acids. It was very interesting to verify the Trilon B influence to seed germination of winter barley varieties by experiment. Experiments showed: actinomycin D – the inhibitor of RNA synthesis – didn’t show varieties specific effect to seed growth of winter barley, while Trilon B had a varieties specific impact to length coleoptiles and roots. Research was carried out on etiolated seedlings at temperatures from 22 to 28oC, and different concentrations of Trilon B - 1,6×10-3Ðœ, 2,4×10-3Ðœ and 3,2×10-3Ðœ. The roots of 3-days old seedlings were more sensitive to Trilon B influence. It is shown the varieties of Russian origin were naturally reacted to Trilon B: the higher the frost resistance of variety, the more resistant variety to the action of various concentrations of Trilon B at different temperatures. The most optimum concentration was 3,2 × 10-3Ðœ at 22-25oC. Varieties by foreign origin deviated from this pattern. It is interesting to research the genetic essence of these differences. It will be helpful for optimization of varieties differentiation conditions to create a laboratory method of estimate of frost resistance of winter barley. The new method will be most efficient compared the direct freezing method

The article presents an analysis of the statistical data on use of barley in the world agriculture. The dynamics of changes in acreage under crop has been studied over the past decade in the global community. The structure of indicators in barley’s area was reduced and the main regions of production have been described. As the world as some countries barley productivity was studied. The article presents the data on world production of barley for lust four years. The structure of production of the main producing counties for 2014 is presented graphically. On the basis of the material revealed, more than half of the total harvest of barley in the world has been produced by three regions: The European Union, the Russian Federation and Canada. The article presents a comparative analysis in the above productivity of barley by the world leaders in the production of this crop. A direct influence of environmental factors on final grain yield has noted. Also the issue of national economic importance of culture has been revealed. We have noted the areas of the culture use such as food, brewing industry, as well as livestock (as it is known, barley is one of the most valuable forage crops)

Due to the wide spread of winter barley varieties with different Phytopathologic characteristics, a serious threat to the crop is dwarf rust caused by a pathogenic fungi of the Puccinia. The article presents the results of phytosanitary studies conducted in different agroclimatic zones of the North Caucasus region for the period from 2013 to 2015. Electronic maps of levels of development and distribution of dwarf rust are based on phytosanitary inspection. On the experimental field called «Kuban» as well as rust nursery of VNIIBZR we have performed an immunological evaluation of the sustainability of winter barley accessions to the pathogen of the dwarf rust on natural and artificial infectious backgrounds in the period from 2013 to 2015. The article reflects the objective characteristics of varieties and lines of winter barley with a relative stability to the North Caucasian population Puccinia hordei. The most promising varieties and lines of winter barley of the KubGAU breeding were selected during operation. These varieties and lines are highly resistant to rust and dwarf, they also have other valuable features. The article presents information on the best yield varieties and lines of winter barley as well as on gross yield and sowing area