Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The archetype question especially sharply rises in connection with studying of elite communities. As the base, or speaking informatics language, as the archetype carrier, various structures having various natures can act. One of such structures is the historical consciousness which represents set of ideas, the views, feelings, representations, moods reflecting perception and an assessment of the past in all its variety inherent and characteristic both for society in general and for various demographic, social and professional and ethnographic groups, and also certain people. Historical memory, in fact, is expression of process of the organization, preservation and reproduction of last experience of the people, the country, state for its possible use in activity of people and for return of its influence to the sphere of public consciousness. Thus, historical memory not only is staticized, but also selective and personified. Therefore the knowledge of possible ways of development is extremely important at turns of eras as at entry into the critical period all system is in unstable situation, and, therefore, micro history, along with the archetypes occurring in historical consciousness, historical and cultural memory can play the solving both positive, and negative roles

During the times of the Soviet Union, it was believed that the collective farm peasants were a class of the soviet society that formatted its social basis together with the working class and the people’s intellectuals. There was also an opinion that the collective farm peasants took an active part in construction of the communism and in ever more intensive development of productive forces in the agricultural sector. Evolution of the peasants was interpreted as follows: in course of preparation and actual realization of the social revolution along with subsequent reforms, the poorest peasants acting as ally of the proletariat became stronger in their revolutionary mood and gradually mastered certain elements of the proletarian ideology. Revolutionary enthusiasm and mood of the poorest peasants changed the consciousness of most working peasants for the benefit of collectivization. The latter created in its turn an objective basis of all peasants’ transformation to a quite new social class and formation of its socialist psychology. At the same time, the peasants were always under suspicion, which related to their petty-bourgeois nature. It should be mentioned that there was not any voluntary move of peasants from individualistic sentiments to collectivism. The transition to industrial methods in agriculture and to integration of peasants to collective farms was not caused by some abstract class feeling of the peasants but by the economic necessity and expedience for the country. Therefore, we can observe a substitution of sense platforms regarding this matter, which is ascertained and reasoned in this publication

There was always a duality: the power – elite. In the Russian Empire it was the nobility. The service was not simply and not so much the policy tool, it reorganized also sluzhily estate that in turn made impact on the state institutes. The ruling class was consolidated that allowed to reach compromises with the government which realized many requirements of the nobility connected with service and rewarding for it managed to reconstruct significantly service not to the detriment of its intensity. On the other hand the power not always looked for compromise options. And the elite answered it with the same. Further these relations were transformed and developed already on other social substratum, and other economic component. Considering history of development and functioning in historical space of elite of the Russian Empire, and then and the USSR, it should be noted the similar regularities arising at their movement in time. First of all it is the instability of elite generating their split, and then and split of society that leads to different revolutionary shocks. Economic regulation of activity of elite at the time of the Empire not only didn't yield long-term positive results, but, on the contrary, were a step to devaluation of elite of that time, and further – to destructive revolutions. Thus, the conducted research allows to present more accurately need in all ways to try to avoid repetition of similar situations in the future

In the recent past, class-consciousness was considered one of the expression forms of social consciousness and acted as its main form due to close interaction with interests of people. The class-consciousness and the consciousness of classes were two separate matters of consideration. It was supposed that the essence of class-consciousness and of the class-psychology concomitant with it could only be comprehended in consideration of structure of the social consciousness as a whole. The correlation and interconnection of social psychology and structural units of social consciousness and ideology was a topical issue. However, it should be noted that any consideration of the social consciousness and psychology is just a naked abstraction when it is made in any of their interpretations with no account taken of the material bearer, i.e. the human who is a living organism, and of population, genetic and environmental circumstances. Therefore, talking about the class-consciousness and revolutionary nature of consciousness of the working class, we meet the following expected question: how can we talk about any progress if everything comes to destruction and further formation of an allegedly classless society with bloodshed and death of a significant part of population? At the same time, we can observe reemergence of the thesis of human heterogeneity that the humankind is not a single species but a biological genus. The species this genus consists of have their own genus-consciousness, which is also aggravated by race features and race consciousness. That is why there is actually no sense in talking about peculiarity of the class-consciousness and social consciousness regardless of certain society encased in some geographical shell. Research in this field is worth being developed after moving to the level of biosphere

The archetypes of knights and nobility are alive and exist nowadays. The question is how this influence is carried out qualitatively and quantitatively as far as it is obvious and what ways of its influence. We will consider interaction of the medal organizations with society and penetration of their archetypes in centuries today. The fullest concept of the Award was developed now by Maxim Kalashnikov (Kucherenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich). And the purpose of it of "An award of new sword-bearers" is revival of Russia, as independent imperial state. It is possible to assume that the word "Award" turns on some mechanisms hidden in us leading to realization of its archetype, and then and its development, so to speak "germination of seeds" in centuries, and even the millennia. As the material carrier of archetypes various structures can act. For example, it can be the genetic level which is shown in a complex, multicircuit and multilevel structure of human mentality, so and a brain. It can be also field structures which accumulate information and in which a brain of the person only the send-receive device and the antenna, proceeding from that, for example, that the nature of planetary superreason is the integrated association of physical fields what in due time V.I. Vernadsky closely approached

Creation of a new educational institution is always a big event. However, educational institutions do not use to appear in a spontaneous and unexpected way. Such appearance requires public necessity and expedience. In this very way, the institute of veterinary was created in Vitebsk in its time in 1924 and later transformed to Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine which became one of the leading higher schools in this industry in USSR and the only educational institution in this specialty in the Republic of Belarus. The article covers such aspects of the academy work as involving students in the scientific activities and the book culture. Another issue of the article is development of auxiliary departments, such as economics, politology and philosophy, economic history and theory, computer literacy, the work of which make an indispensable contribution to education of a comprehensively developed specialist capable of professional growth and improvement. Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, with due regard for the experience accumulated by it, is the leader in formation of highly educated and skilled specialists in the field of veterinary medicine and biotechnology and in training of comprehensively competent experts as well, who have got noble moral and ethical principles and obtained substantial knowledge in humanities, who can convert this knowledge from theory into practice as appropriate

Studying the archetype of elitism is extremely important to correctly assess the direction of historical development of the state. This provides the possibility for reasonable buildup of the state domestic and foreign policy and presents the base for constructive development of the methodology of scientific cognition in the field of politology, philosophy and history. However, as the human is a complex biological system, many aspects of the human social activities are based on and conditioned by genetic potential of the human. The study provides definition of the elite and elite communities. It sais that the whole course of the history is eventually a positive or a negative interaction of elites. Nevertheless, the appearance and functioning of any elite is only possible and understandable in the context of some particular civilization, country or in a specific period of time. If the elites are taken out of the historical context, they get a nonmaterial and mythical status. If the archetype of elitism already moving along the time axis for many hundreds and even thousands of years is present, now we can observe the qualitative change of the contemporary elite along with the change of its functions and its purpose itself. On the one hand, we can observe the process of old elites degeneration; on the other hand – new elite formations keep to appear which can be essentially different from their antecedents and have other functions and purpose

Only the rational, normally functioning legislation is able to afford free exchange of information, respectively and normal functioning of cultural institutions, and creation of effective social technologies and effective functioning of democratic society, as such. It only emphasizes its special social importance both for the country in general, and for each hotel citizen as cultural values cause internal stability of society, being its spiritual basis, its toposy. And the library science which is determined as - an industry of information, cultural, educational activities of society that includes education and development of libraries, forming and handling of library stocks, the organization of library, information and library and bibliographic servicing of users of libraries, preparation of library personnel, scientific and methodical ensuring development of libraries has special value in this aspect. The emphasized attention to a library science and people who work in organizations of libraries can be seen in the Presidential decree of Ukraine "About establishment of All-Ukrainian day of libraries" from 5/14/1998 No. 71/98 and which is directed as it is told in the Decree on increase of a role of the book in social and political and historical and cultural life of the population of Ukraine, and also on the problem resolution of development of a library science. Thus, it is possible to conclude that in Ukraine there are developments the legislation, both for needs of the most library science, and for implementation of free exchange of information within the country and beyond its limits. That, in turn, can be a basis as for creation, application and effective use of social technologies, and for further development of the cultural sphere of society

The author deals with problems of substitution of senses and notions in the science and in the social life. Such processes result not only in distortion of the scientific worldview but also in absolutely undesirable social cataclysms. However, this scientific problem has not been yet worked out to sufficient extent, which hampers preventing the mentioned distortions of the real worldview and brings to unwanted consequences requiring correlation and corrections. The question of senses and notions substitution is not new in the science but it has not been yet sufficiently studied. We know that strictness of thinking must be dearly paid for in loss of flexibility in revaluation of senses, which makes you easily slip into dogmatism. It should be noted that this keeps taking place both in the science itself and in the life of society any science is called to serve. So the science can be hardly imagined without schools of thought. They ensure preservation of certain knowledge, vision, approach and, finally, of a certain school – they are traditions and authority of the science. However, having passed their golden age, when the founder used to be followed after several generations by dogmatists whose genius and talent were far from being so great, a school begins to degrade producing scholasticism by substitution and emasculation of senses and notions and finally destructs itself. The collectivization in the USSR in the 30ies of the 20th century and so-called “extremes” associated with it being that very substitution of sense platforms in its pure form constitutes a rather illustrative example of social manipulation based on the substitution of sense platforms. These activities relating to detection of senses and notions substitution will also be developed in the future. The truth will be approached as before through cleaning the knowledge of the myth, through searching for the original sense or the archetype separated from lie and fabrication, cleaned of scientific dishonesty and political order

The problem of correlation of senses and notions in the science, their substitution and the birth of so-called pseudo knowledge is the issue which is more than ever burning in our times of perturbations and big changes. Biological sciences could not avoid these problems as well. All the more so because they stayed for many years under significant pressure of the ruling ideology of those times, of the state and of the governing party machineries. That is exactly why Darwinism as such requires a profound analysis in terms of contemporary achievements of the science, inclusive of philosophy. The analysis of knowledge which is available now and has been accumulated for many centuries of development of the biological science allows finding logical contradictions, possible substitutions of sense platforms, i.e. the birth of pseudo knowledge, which needs to be ascertained and suppressed. The appearance of such branch of the science as biophilosophy exceedingly aggravated the situation due to a number of big methodological shortcomings of this branch which still remains to be a non-science. As it cannot facilitate studying the organic world and, the other way round, even confuses such studying by applying an anthropomorphous matrix to the world, while the ethic and the aesthetic cannot only be attributed to the human mind, the situation becomes pretty complicated. At the same time, the philosophic envelope of the biological science is often filled with various kinds of ideology which makes no contribution to the objectivity of knowledge