Scientific Journal of KubSAU

In this work we have given the analysis of the literary data confirming positive experience of impact of the hydrocarbon substance of growth (HSG) on viability of seeds, resilience, growth of plants, and productivity of various crops. It is shown that the basic experimental data belong to the 60th of the XX century. At the same time, works on application of HSG have been generalized for the first time in the collection of works of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijani SSR by Institute of soil science and agrochemistry. HSG represents the by-product of petro processing received at sulphuric acid cleaning of diesel fuel with further processing with alkaline solution of NaOH. It includes mainly mixture of sodium salts of naphthenic acids. On the basis of literary data and own probes it is established that for each culture there is optimum very small concentration of HSG (0.005-0.01%), processing by solution of which makes positive impact on viability, growth and development of crops. The results of probes of blood formation of animals [8] and growth of mass of birds allow considering HSG ecologically safe. We have also presented the results of pilot study of impact of pre-seeding processing of seeds of wheat and peas by water solutions of the hydrocarbon growth substance (HSG) on their morpho-physiological parameters. The most effective concentration of HSG for processing of seeds of spring wheat of grade "Saratov" and grade peas "Alpha" is revealed. It is shown that the stimulator in concentration of 0.005-0.01% proves as stimulator of crop growth. It follows that degree of efficiency of action of HSG on improvement of development and increase in productivity of agricultural products from use of this drug is quite high. Considering that the stimulator can be received at insignificant expenses as a waste product of the purified diesel fuels, its application in agriculture is economically justified

We describe a stationary industrial plant for electrochemical activation (ECA) of the water created on the creamery of "Yuzhni Polyus" in Kropotkin. It includes 4 diaphragm reactor - electrolyzer of a dielectric material volume of 200 liters each, control cabinet, power electrical equipment, water supply system, containers for activated water, pumping equipment for its transport and ventilation system. The anode and cathode chambers are separated by ion permeable diaphragm reactors of cotton filter cloth. The reactors operate pairwise in succession, one pair in the production mode, the other - in the mode of preparation. The anode is made of titanium sheet; the cathode is made of stainless steel 12HN9T. In the selection of the electrode material we used mass-spectrometric investigation of the chemical element composition of water before and after electrochemical activation. The device produces alkaline catholyte 15.84 m3 / day (pH 10,4 ÷ 11,71) and acid anolyte 3.36 m3 / day (pH 2,24 ÷ 3,1). Using the created device (power consumption –11,4 kW ∙ h / t) meets the basic requirements of production – resource conservation, environmental safety, high performance and ease of use. These circuit diagram and photos of the installation allows reproducing it in other enterprises, contributing to the wider application of electrochemically activated water

The influence of protective coatings on quantitative loss of garlic was investigated at its warm) and cold storage under various conditions of relative humidity. The following varieties of garlic people's selection were studied: winter varieties – Tian Shansky, Otradnensky; spring varieties – Sochinsky and Iglinsky Local. Paraffin-ceresin composition (PK-1) was first proposed as a protective hydrophobic coating of garlic bulbs and its combination was scientifically based (the main component is paraffin, plasticizer is Ceresin C-65 and surface-active supplement is a fraction of synthetic fatty acids). Physical and mechanical performance properties of PK-1: melting temperature 58 C; resistance at 20 C 1,0 МПа; volumetric shrinkage 15%; plasticity 0,5·10-4 1/МПа; water vapour permeability 6,5g/m2 per day.Waterproof properties of hydrophobic protective coatings (paraffin-ceresin PK-1, alloy of paraffin with beewax PК-4, paraffin without supplements P) were compared with hydrophilic water solution of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5. According to the increase of the moisture-proof properties, the investigated coatings form the following series: P. PWS -5, PК-4, PК-1. The maximum efficiency of garlic storage under various temperature conditions and relative air humidity was achieved when using a protection film of PК-1. Compared with control (without coating) PК-1 reduced moisture loss in garlic bulbs for 3-13 times depending on the variety, and storage duration of winter garlic varieties increased for 2 times. Iglinsky Local is the most moisture resistant of all the investigated varieties, and Tian Shansky variety is less moisture resistant

The influence of protective coatings on changes in the biological characteristics of quality, germination, plant growth and development of the onion crop quantitative loss of garlic was investigated for the first time. The objects of research were winter garlic called Tien Shan and onion of Allan variety. Water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5, paraffin coating Р, paraffin-cerezin composition PK-1 were studied as a protective coatings. Coating onions and chives before planting them in the ground delay germination, respectively at 1 and 2 weeks. Then, protective coatings act as growth stimulants. The greatest increase in green mass of garlic for 3 months (almost 2 times) compared to the control (uncoated) prepared using the hydrophobic coating РK-1. РK-1 increases the yield of garlic and onions in 1.5 times, and the seeds of onions in 1.3 times. It is recommended before planting onions to cover onions the PK-1 in order to prevent his fall germination and receive further large bulbs weighing 130-131 g. Carbohydrates, starch, vitamin C, and life-giving moisture garlic, it is best stored in a РK-1 coated serve after planting in soil more efficient power plant. As a result, such plant grows better, develops and gives higher yields