Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The influence of protective coatings on quantitative loss of garlic was investigated at its warm) and cold storage under various conditions of relative humidity. The following varieties of garlic people's selection were studied: winter varieties – Tian Shansky, Otradnensky; spring varieties – Sochinsky and Iglinsky Local. Paraffin-ceresin composition (PK-1) was first proposed as a protective hydrophobic coating of garlic bulbs and its combination was scientifically based (the main component is paraffin, plasticizer is Ceresin C-65 and surface-active supplement is a fraction of synthetic fatty acids). Physical and mechanical performance properties of PK-1: melting temperature 58 C; resistance at 20 C 1,0 МПа; volumetric shrinkage 15%; plasticity 0,5·10-4 1/МПа; water vapour permeability 6,5g/m2 per day.Waterproof properties of hydrophobic protective coatings (paraffin-ceresin PK-1, alloy of paraffin with beewax PК-4, paraffin without supplements P) were compared with hydrophilic water solution of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5. According to the increase of the moisture-proof properties, the investigated coatings form the following series: P. PWS -5, PК-4, PК-1. The maximum efficiency of garlic storage under various temperature conditions and relative air humidity was achieved when using a protection film of PК-1. Compared with control (without coating) PК-1 reduced moisture loss in garlic bulbs for 3-13 times depending on the variety, and storage duration of winter garlic varieties increased for 2 times. Iglinsky Local is the most moisture resistant of all the investigated varieties, and Tian Shansky variety is less moisture resistant

The influence of protective coatings on changes in the biological characteristics of quality, germination, plant growth and development of the onion crop quantitative loss of garlic was investigated for the first time. The objects of research were winter garlic called Tien Shan and onion of Allan variety. Water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5, paraffin coating Р, paraffin-cerezin composition PK-1 were studied as a protective coatings. Coating onions and chives before planting them in the ground delay germination, respectively at 1 and 2 weeks. Then, protective coatings act as growth stimulants. The greatest increase in green mass of garlic for 3 months (almost 2 times) compared to the control (uncoated) prepared using the hydrophobic coating РK-1. РK-1 increases the yield of garlic and onions in 1.5 times, and the seeds of onions in 1.3 times. It is recommended before planting onions to cover onions the PK-1 in order to prevent his fall germination and receive further large bulbs weighing 130-131 g. Carbohydrates, starch, vitamin C, and life-giving moisture garlic, it is best stored in a РK-1 coated serve after planting in soil more efficient power plant. As a result, such plant grows better, develops and gives higher yields