Name
Samofalov Aleksandr Petrovich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
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Honorary rank
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Organization, job position
All-Russian Research Institute of crops
Web site url
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Articles count: 2
Diseases cause great damage to agriculture, reducing
yields and decreasing its quality. The losses
are up to 20-30% of potential crop yields. Different
types of rust and powdery mildew cause significant
damage to wheat. Thereby, the growing of
varieties tolerant to these diseases is of great importance
at present. It allows solving such problems
as the improvement of stability of grain production
(especially in the epiphytotic time), improvement
of its quality and reduction of prime
cost of the product. Cultivation of resistant varieties
gives the opportunity to avoid a use of crop
protection chemicals and thus, to improve environment.
The researches were carried out in the
laboratory of intensive soft winter wheat breeding
and seed-growing of FSBSI ARRIGC after I.G.
Kalinenko in 2013-2015. The crop was sown in a
bare fallow. 275 samples of soft winter wheat from
the world collection VIR, Turkey (CIMMYT),
new varieties of domestic and foreign breeding,
varieties and constant selection lines of own selection
were the subjects of the study.
Favorable for disease development weather conditions
allowed evaluating collection samples according
to the degree of infection with leaf rust and powdery mildew under natural conditions.
According to a complex resistance to leaf rust and
powdery mildew we have distinguished the following
samples: ‘Nakhodka’, ‘1226/98’, ‘662/99’,
‘1366/08’, ‘Patriarkh’ (Russia); ‘Shestopalivka’(Ukraine);
‘Simonida’ (Serbia); ‘MV 15-04’
(Hungary); ‘Rialto’ (England); ‘Menestrel’
(France); ‘№42 CIMMYT’ (US). Thus, our conducted
study resulted in distinguishing the samples
of soft winter wheat which are resistant to leaf rust
and powdery mildew and are recommended to use
as a source of resistance and tolerance to these
pathogens. The samples with a combined resistance
to both pathogens are of particular interest
The purpose of the work was to test the winter wheat varieties artificially infected with North-Caucasus brown rust to identify its harmfulness. There was carried out a two-stage testing on two sets (8 and 10) of varieties that differed in their resistance to the pathogen. As a result, there has been identified high brown rust harmfulness in susceptible varieties, which led to a yield decrease from 16.3 to 32.2%. Among the maximum infected varieties, there has been identified the most tolerant variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ which, when damaged to 100%, had a minimum yield decrease (less than 10.6%). The poorly susceptible to brown rust varieties reduced their yields from 11.2% to 20.7%. Among them, the variety ‘Spartak’ showed lower rates of a yield decline. Among the five varieties that showed an average brown rust affection, there have been noted various indicators of a yield decrease. The variety ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ showed a minimum decrease of a yield and its structural elements under the conditions of artificial infection with brown rust; and together with the variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ can be classed to the varieties tolerant to brown rust. When predicting brown rust epiphytoty the susceptible and medium-resistant wheat varieties require obligatory protection with fungicides