Name
Shishkin Nikolay Vasilievich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
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Honorary rank
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Organization, job position
All-Russian Research Institute of crops
Web site url
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Articles count: 4
The key task of the agriculture in Russia is the further
improvement of grain production. Thus, prevention of
losses of winter wheat yields because of the diseases
remains relevant. The significance of varieties tolerant
to diseases, especially to smut (fungus) is of primary
importance. Therefore, it’s essential to create initial
material for breeding of the varieties tolerant to smut.
According to the results of the trials with artificial
infection with pathogens, among the samples of
winter wheat there have been identified varieties
belonging to different groups of tolerance to smut.
They are a highly sensitive cultivar ‘к-69361’
(Korea), a sensitive variety ‘Izyuminka’ (Russia),
moderately sensitive variety ‘Asket’ (Russia) and
almost tolerant variety ‘1621/03’ (Russia). We studied
the reaction of the hybrids F2 on infection with smut
in different variants of hybridization to obtain stable
progeny. The correlation between the number of
infected plants in parent and hybrid (F2) populations
have been considered. The productive tillering of the
plants has been determined in all variants of the trials;
it was the least one on the plants with 100% of
infected leaves. The hybrids F3 and F 4 have been
distributed according to the degree of their tolerance
to smut. For further work we have selected the lines
with practical resistance to smut (fungus)
The purpose of the work was to test the winter wheat varieties artificially infected with North-Caucasus brown rust to identify its harmfulness. There was carried out a two-stage testing on two sets (8 and 10) of varieties that differed in their resistance to the pathogen. As a result, there has been identified high brown rust harmfulness in susceptible varieties, which led to a yield decrease from 16.3 to 32.2%. Among the maximum infected varieties, there has been identified the most tolerant variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ which, when damaged to 100%, had a minimum yield decrease (less than 10.6%). The poorly susceptible to brown rust varieties reduced their yields from 11.2% to 20.7%. Among them, the variety ‘Spartak’ showed lower rates of a yield decline. Among the five varieties that showed an average brown rust affection, there have been noted various indicators of a yield decrease. The variety ‘Donskaya Yubileynaya’ showed a minimum decrease of a yield and its structural elements under the conditions of artificial infection with brown rust; and together with the variety ‘Tarasovskaya 29’ can be classed to the varieties tolerant to brown rust. When predicting brown rust epiphytoty the susceptible and medium-resistant wheat varieties require obligatory protection with fungicides