Scientific Journal of KubSAU

After World War II, in 1946, our country understands the problem - a terrible drought. To protect themselves against such disasters in the future, on October 20th , 1948, by the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks a resolution "On the plan of shelterbelts, the introduction of grass crop rotation, construction of ponds and reservoirs to ensure high crop yields in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of the European part of the USSR " was adopted, later known as the "Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature". During the years 1950- 1965 it was planned to create the next big state protective forest strips from Saratov to Astrakhan on both banks of the Volga River; - in the direction of cities and towns: Penza - Ekaterinovka - Veshenskaya - Kamensky, in watersheds of the rivers Khoper and Medveditsa, Kalitva and Berezovaya; in the direction of cities Kamyshin - Volgograd, in the watershed of the rivers Volga and Ilovlya; in the direction of towns Chapayevsk - Vladimirovka; in the direction of cities Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd; - in the direction of the mountain Vishnevaya, Orenburg, Uralsk and the Caspian Sea on the banks of the Ural River; in the direction of cities: Voronezh - Rostov - on - Don; on both banks of the Don River; on both banks of the river Seversky Donets from the city of Belgorod to the Don River. Strips were created in the steppe and forest steppe areas. It was the first, in the history of humankind, largest environmental program of impacts on the climate of the huge territory, designed to protect permanently fertile agricultural lands from harmful dry winds, dust storms, lack of moisture and soil erosion. We have studied the site of the State protective forest strip "Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd" located in the "Kuban forest districts" of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. In this area the analysis of taxation indicators was made, the dynamics of change in the stock of plantations connected with age was studied

Currently, due to the risk of global warming because of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, carbon-deposit function of forest ecosystems, thanks to which stabilization of gas composition of the atmosphere takes place, has great importance [1]. Forest is one of the main components of the biosphere. Forests protect soil from erosion, provide stability hydrological regime of rivers, supply atmosphere with oxygen, biologically active substances, purify of harmful impurities, create optimal environmental conditions and play an important environmental role. However, because of intensive anthropogenic influence (unregulated logging, technogenic environmental pollution recreation) forest ecosystems are experiencing stresses at which irreversible processes of degradation of communities of economically valuable main forestforming species of both natural and artificial origin take place [6]. Evaluating carbon-deposit function of forest plantations, CO2 emissions to the atmosphere through the soil respiration must be taken into account, which can vary within wide limits. Productivity of forests is largely driven by carbon dioxide, released from the soil. Soil carbon dioxide provides demand of forest plants for photosynthesis. With increasing intensity of soil respiration, positive balance is maintained [2]. Based on the method of V.I. Tarankov for evaluation of carbon-deposit and oxygen-producing functions of wood cenoses [2], similar research is carried out in RSI "Kuban forestry", the KarachayCherkessia Republic

The significant part of our country's roads is subject to snowdrifts in winter. To ensure smooth and uninterrupted traffic in road transport during winter time, road facilities have to use vast amounts of mechanized and manual labor, as well as spend large sums of money. There are cases of snowdrifts on roads and interruptions in the traffic of road transport causing serious damage to the national economy of the country. Road workers face an important task of ensuring uninterrupted traffic in road transport in winter and reduce the cost of the road maintenance. In this regard, road facilities use a variety of means in order to protect motor roads from snow drifts: installation of portable shields, permanent fences, snow-protective plantings of various widths and structures. The evidence from practice shows that forest stand is the most durable, reliable and economical means of protecting roads from snowdrifts (snow breaking tree belts)