Name
Kulakova Ekaterina Nikolaevna
Scholastic degree
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Academic rank
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Honorary rank
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Organization, job position
Voronezh State University of Forestry and technologies named after G.F.Morozov
Web site url
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Articles count: 4
After World War II, in 1946, our country understands
the problem - a terrible drought. To protect themselves
against such disasters in the future, on October 20th
,
1948, by the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the
Central Committee of the Central Committee of the
All-Union Communist Party of the Bolsheviks a
resolution "On the plan of shelterbelts, the introduction
of grass crop rotation, construction of ponds and
reservoirs to ensure high crop yields in the steppe and
forest-steppe regions of the European part of the USSR
" was adopted, later known as the "Great Plan for the
Transformation of Nature". During the years 1950-
1965 it was planned to create the next big state
protective forest strips from Saratov to Astrakhan on
both banks of the Volga River; - in the direction of
cities and towns: Penza - Ekaterinovka - Veshenskaya
- Kamensky, in watersheds of the rivers Khoper and
Medveditsa, Kalitva and Berezovaya; in the direction
of cities Kamyshin - Volgograd, in the watershed of
the rivers Volga and Ilovlya; in the direction of towns
Chapayevsk - Vladimirovka; in the direction of cities
Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd; - in the direction of the
mountain Vishnevaya, Orenburg, Uralsk and the
Caspian Sea on the banks of the Ural River; in the
direction of cities: Voronezh - Rostov - on - Don; on
both banks of the Don River; on both banks of the
river Seversky Donets from the city of Belgorod to the
Don River. Strips were created in the steppe and forest
steppe areas. It was the first, in the history of
humankind, largest environmental program of impacts
on the climate of the huge territory, designed to protect
permanently fertile agricultural lands from harmful dry
winds, dust storms, lack of moisture and soil erosion.
We have studied the site of the State protective forest
strip "Cherkessk - Elista - Volgograd" located in the
"Kuban forest districts" of the Karachay-Cherkessia
Republic. In this area the analysis of taxation
indicators was made, the dynamics of change in the
stock of plantations connected with age was studied
The significant part of our country's roads is subject to snowdrifts in winter. To ensure smooth and uninterrupted traffic in road transport during winter time, road facilities have to use vast amounts of mechanized and manual labor, as well as spend large sums of money. There are cases of snowdrifts on roads and interruptions in the traffic of road transport causing serious damage to the national economy of the country. Road workers face an important task of ensuring uninterrupted traffic in road transport in winter and reduce the cost of the road maintenance. In this regard, road facilities use a variety of means in order to protect motor roads from snow drifts: installation of portable shields, permanent fences, snow-protective plantings of various widths and structures. The evidence from practice shows that forest stand is the most durable, reliable and economical means of protecting roads from snowdrifts (snow breaking tree belts)
Currently, due to the risk of global warming because
of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, carbon-deposit function of forest
ecosystems, thanks to which stabilization of gas
composition of the atmosphere takes place, has great
importance [1]. Forest is one of the main components
of the biosphere. Forests protect soil from erosion,
provide stability hydrological regime of rivers, supply
atmosphere with oxygen, biologically active
substances, purify of harmful impurities, create
optimal environmental conditions and play an
important environmental role. However, because of
intensive anthropogenic influence (unregulated
logging, technogenic environmental pollution
recreation) forest ecosystems are experiencing stresses
at which irreversible processes of degradation of
communities of economically valuable main forestforming
species of both natural and artificial origin
take place [6]. Evaluating carbon-deposit function of
forest plantations, CO2 emissions to the atmosphere
through the soil respiration must be taken into account,
which can vary within wide limits. Productivity of
forests is largely driven by carbon dioxide, released
from the soil. Soil carbon dioxide provides demand of
forest plants for photosynthesis. With increasing
intensity of soil respiration, positive balance is
maintained [2]. Based on the method of V.I. Tarankov
for evaluation of carbon-deposit and oxygen-producing
functions of wood cenoses [2], similar research is
carried out in RSI "Kuban forestry", the KarachayCherkessia
Republic