Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The authors of the article examine the relationship between the criminal process and investigative activity taking into consideration the requirements of the Criminal Procedure Law and the Law on Investigative Activities in the Russian Federation. Such important issues as main tasks and principles of the criminal process and investigative activity are considered in the article. The authors analyze interrelations of some investigative actions and operational search as well as the order of introduction and usage of the results of the investigative activities at the stage of criminal case initializing and in the course of investigative activities. The authors also pay attention to the data which must be submitted in the report or memorandum on the prepared or being committed crime giving grounds for criminal case initializing

The authors of the article point out that the research of cold steel arms and their traces has been considered in detail in the studies of different criminologists. Unfortunately, many scientists, examining cold steel arms as the item of expertise, mainly paid attention to the knives, swords, daggers, etc., but few researchers considered crossbows as cold steel weapon. In accordance with part. 4 Art. 223 of the Criminal Code of Russia for illegal manufacture, alteration or repair of throwing weapons, as well as the illegal sale of throwing weapons (Art. 4, Art. 222 of the Criminal Code), criminal liability is stipulated. Thus, the authors agree with the opinions expressed in the literature according to which attention should be paid to the fuzzy wording of p. 4 Art. 222 of the Criminal Code and p. 4 Art. 223 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: "Cold steel weapons, including throwing weapons". Throwing weapons are not included in the number of cold steel arms; it is an independent type of weapon that is different from the cold steel by its technical characteristics. The common feature of cold steel arms and throwing weapons is striking of a target due to the muscle power of a man. The main difference is that there is no projectile with directional movement in cold steel arms and striking occurs due to the direct contact with the object. The definitions of these types of weapons are contained in the Federal Act "About Weapons"

The authors of the article analyze the nature and significance of the search activities of the units engaged in operational investigative activities. They consider operational investigative activities as a complex system of operational investigative actions including their different types according to their subject and goals, the problems solved and functional peculiarities as well as the observing (limiting) the rights and freedom of the participants of the activities. Depending on the specific tasks an important part of the system of search operations comprise those which provide detection, prevention and investigation of crimes, detection of wanted persons and objects of criminal assault, as well as operational support of state coercion, appointed by court order . In the theory of operational and investigative activities, they are referred to as "reconnaissance actions", and they reveal the essence of this type in general and search activity (operational research) in particular. Thus, the authors share the view expressed in the literature, according to which the system of reconnaissance and search operations carried out mainly behind the scenes and using a particular service, means, methods and forms, is the essence of operational and investigative activities