Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article focuses on current issue of improving the reliability of water intake buildings in the Far North. We have given special operating conditions of these structures, particularly ice drift, shore ice piles, windrowing ice fields and erosion of the bottom of the moving ice field with keel protrusion. We have described physiographic, structural and morphological conditions of the construction site, generalized information on the parameters ice drift during an ice moving in the waters of the Gulf of Ob in Salmanovskaye deposit area. For these conditions, we have accepted to make water intake structure with recessed filtering part and given idea about their ice protection and proposed an effective design of protective constructions for all possible effects of ice hummocks. We have also given a description of bases of technology of construction works the rationale for the design parameters of facilities. In view of the possible load, two rows of closed pile foundations are provided for the protection of water receivers consisting of bored piles and channel filtering grillage. In the first row, near to the water receivers we have provided metallic, lattice constructions from metal profile pipes laid on the top of water receivers on the grillage. The second row of protective structures around water receivers was designed as a halfly indepth monolithic reinforced concrete grillage of rectangular cross-section form with an ice pick from a metal corner rental rendered monolithic on the outside perimeter of the grillage. Concrete grating are designed also to protect the gravity pipelines along the borders. Rectangular grillages interconnected with cross bar bonds witch are also made of reinforced concrete. The proposed technical solutions provide reliable protection against possible water intake facilities including dynamic effects from windrowing ice fields in the Far North. Options include new constructions of underground horizontal and channel filter water intake structures that could be effectively used in such conditions

The article is devoted to actual problems of ecological monitoring of conditions of small rivers in the North Caucasus and southern Russia. We are giving here the results of researches of natural and economic conditions and the current state of the river Nalchik near the city of Nalchik, which is typical for many small rivers. The materials of engineering researches and inspections of the territory of the urbanized areas of the river are brought with the detailed analysis of the results of the destroyed and broken areas. We describe the causes of the destruction of man-made protective and regulatory structures and the factors of their impact on the water protecting coastal zone and the hydrological regime of rivers. The effective method of regulation of short sites of the small rivers with use of groins and flexible biopositive nature protection technologies is offered. According to the complex research effective measures to improve the ecological state of the rivers on the example of Nalchik are offered. The rationale for the development of environmental monitoring in all urbanized coastal zones of small rivers and their cadastral registration is made. The main findings of the analytical and experimental research on different areas specific to the small rivers of the North Caucasus and southern Russia are brought here