Name
Boyko Aleksandr Petrovich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
—
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry
Web site url
—
Articles count: 4
The article examines the creation of the expert system
in the development of epiphytotics in winter bread
wheat sowing. Increasing the accuracy of the forecast
epiphytotics should be based on the improvement
forecasting of move daily temperature (minimum,
maximum and average). In this case, the calculation
algorithm must not be cumbersome. In the algorithm,
there are indicators of cyclical annual variations of
temperature, i.e. the change in average daily
temperatures for the year. For the treatment method of
local forecast of daily average temperatures during the
year used data of meteorological station for 9 years.
Having considered the main issues to epidemics of
brown rust and its influence on the production of
wheat cenoses, you can proceed to the modeling expert
logic. The analysis includes the following indicators:
cultivated variety; agricultural machinery (predecessor,
fertilizer, pre-processing, and others.); general
condition of sowing; phase of plant development at the
time of the field survey; date of onset of the disease (if
selected); prevalence of sowing at the time of
observation. Installed that the purposeful creation of
varieties of winter wheat resistant to the pathogen, it is
necessary to carry out environmental testing stability
as a latent breeding and recommended sources and
sustainability of donors, which will allow to plan
economic occupancy resistant genotypes of winter
wheat
The article discusses the hybridological analysis of the
inheritance of plant resistance of winter wheat to
brown rust Putignano. For this purpose, we performed
the analysis on the varieties of wheat of local selection,
studied immunological reaction to R. triticina in
connection with the types of wheat resistance to leaf
rust pathogen. In the work, we considered the different
immunological parameters (type of plant response to
the introduction of the pathogen, the intensity of
infection of plants, the size of urediniospores, the
number of urediniospores in one urediniomycetes, the
amount of time from the time of inoculation until the
beginning of the first urediniomycetes (i.e. a measure
of latent period) and the area under the curve of
disease development). Study of the inheritance of the
type of plant responses to the introduction of the
pathogen by the method of hybridological analysis
revealed that this immunological reaction can be
controlled by both dominant and recessive genes.
Monogenic control of resistance in our study was
fairly uncommon and installed from THERE 200
varieties and Purdue 5396. It is shown that the
majority of the examined lines type of plant response
to the introduction of the leaf rust pathogen is
controlled, as a rule, several genes with different types
of interaction. The results of hybridological analysis
allow to draw a conclusion about what type of plant
response to the introduction of the parasite – an
integral indicator that takes into account the
morphological peculiarities of urediniomycetes (the
size and number of urediniospores produced in them)
The article considers approaches to conducting longterm
observations, i.e. monitoring of the
immunological characteristics of varieties of winter
wheat. In our work, we use the following grading
system for the immunological characteristics of winter
wheat varieties for resistance to leaf rust in various
stages of ontogeny: evaluation of sustainability in the
seedlings in a phytotron, greenhouse complex;
evaluation sustainability in a field of artificial
infectious background; immunological evaluation
based on phytosanitary monitoring in different
ecological zones. In the initial stages, all the material is
pre-tested in the field of infectious hatchery. We have
performed an evaluation on the intensity of lesion and
the type of plant response to the introduction of the
pathogen. This approach allows getting rid of
susceptible genotypes for a year. To describe the
spread of rust, i.e., increase in population numbers we
have used two types of curves: J-shaped and S-shaped.
The article considers several winter wheat cultivars
differing in susceptibility to leaf rust. It is established,
that the increase in the population of brown rust occurs
in conditions with limited food resources and it is
described by the Ferxulsta function. Monitoring
studies allow developing models taking into account
the promotion of the parasite and its pressure on wheat
cenosis as well as allow building an expert system that
optimizes the protection of plants against leaf rust and
used to study the behavior of genotypes with different
immunological parameters when creating a model
class
The article studies the influence of the interaction of two technologies of plant protection: breeding- immunological and chemical. The studies were conducted on the varieties and lines of soft winter, durum wheat and triticale, established in Krasnodar research institute named after P. P. Lukyanenko, and also, on varieties of an alien and foreign selection. When considering the correlations in the group of genotypes, forming a necrotic type of reaction to the introduction of the pathogen (the first group of varieties), the significant negative correlation (r - 0,76) between the change in the mass of 1000 grains and the number of unproductive stems formed by one plan was established. The model of the severity of brown rust pathogen in sparse crops of wheat has been collaborated. According to the model, the development of the pathogen in the tissues of the leaves of the host plant leads initially to a change in the relations of the productive and unproductive stems. The change of these parameters significantly affects on the variability of indicators such as the mass of grains from one ear, number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight. Negligible volatility of weight for 1000 grains suggests that the major losses of productivity in the flowering stage are due to abortive flowers. This model can explain the increase in the mass of 1000 grains in some varieties for tolerance change experiments with the defeat of plants of P. Triticina on micro-plots