Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The roots of scientific knowledge on soil go into antiquity and are connected with the development of land management. A human had knowledge about soil as a friable layer of Earth, which was a subject o land management treatment until the time there were occurred the problems of shortage of arable lands, hunger and decrease of fertility, which caused the necessity of obtaining of more produce with less arable lands. The development of soil science was required for solving of these practical tasks. In postwar period there were carried out the large researches in the field of plant nutrition and application of fertilizers. For this period the active study of organic properties of soil occurred. The Dokuchaev’s study on genetic types of soil was the tuning point in the development of problems of soil classification. The further development of problems of soil classification were made on the basis of set genetic positions, thus the various approaches lighting the different parties of a classification problem took place. The soil fertility in force of its important functions for a long time is not only as an agronomic category but also as a social, economic, philosophic, and at the last time – ecological one. The modern understanding of function of fertility is reached with the help of mathematical modeling. First, it is necessary clearly to present the aggregate factors of fertility and their interaction between them and external factors

The article considers the existing system of agriculture in the Krasnodar region. We also give the soil-climatic characteristic of natural-agricultural zones. There was studied the structure of agricultural landscapes of the region. It is concluded that in the agricultural production of the Krasnodar region approach to agriculture is focused only on zonal methods of land management, planning and organization of large agricultural enterprises. Whereas, the Land reform carried out in the Russian Federation since the 90-ies of the last century has made significant adjustments, both on domestic political and socio-economic relations in the life of society, and on land management provision of agriculture. Redistribution of agricultural land, the formation of new scientific approaches to farming systems, based on the principles of sustainability and self-regulation of agricultural landscapes, device of crop rotations, adapted to local climatic conditions are aimed at the reproduction of soil fertility and a positive balance of humus. In this regard, there were developed the proposals and calculated technical and economic indicators for the transition to a new, effective, scientifically based, adapted to local agricultural landscape conditions, high-tech balanced farming systems. According to developed proposals and recommendations, there was given the example of application in crop ten-field crop rotation for the central zone of the Krasnodar region, which is balanced in humus

In the article there were analyzed the different approaches of Soviet and Russian authors to the assessment of soils regarding to agro-ecological factors. There was given the characteristic of natural-economic zones territorially entering the Azov-Kuban lowland by main soil-climatic indexes. There was considered the valuation of soils which determines their relative value and suitability on main factors of natural fertility or their groups, it serves as a criteria of unification of soils into agro-ecological groups. There were shown the main indexes and order of grouping of soils under unification of different soils into agro-ecological groups. There was calculated the “normative” productivity of main agricultural crops on natural-economic zones of Azov-Kuban lowland which defines the agro-productive value of soil. There were revealed the disadvantages of soil assessment method used in the course of state cadastre valuation of agricultural lands asserted by the order of the Ministry of Economic Development from 20.09.2010 № 445. There were cited the specific rates of cadastre cost (SRCC) of agricultural lands on municipal entities of Krasnodar region. There was given the assessment of obtained data regarding to natural-climatic factors of the region, there were made proposals on optimization of trends of further researches on claimed problem

In the article there were given the data on allocation of agricultural lands of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic according to types of lands, landowners and land users. There were shown the changes of plant-growing production volumes in natural and value indicators for the period since 2000-2005 to 2010-2015 by the main types of production based on statistical data of Rosstat. In addition, there was given the comparative assessment with the Krasnodar region as a leading agrarian region. There was given the assessment of effective use of agricultural lands taking into account the qualitative and quantitative indicators of land resources of KCHR and Krasnodar region. There were revealed the main problems in land management of Karachay-Cherkessia, which led to ineffective use of agricultural lands. There was made the prognosis of decrease of plant-growing sector to 2025. In this regard, there was revised the issue of agricultural lands use. It will allow us to optimize the land management and become the precondition to choose the most effective trend of agricultural lands use at planning of development of agriculture of the Republic and realization of state program “Development of agriculture of Karachay-Cherkessia to 2020”. There was offered the development of livestock farming taking into account the features of the region