Name
Matuzok Nikolay Vasilyevich
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
Web site url
—
Articles count: 33
The results of comparative analysis of three white muscat grades of grapes Viorika, the Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan according to the biological indicators of fructification, productivity, quality of berries, mechanical structure of bunches, suitability for manufacture of direct extraction juice and dry wines are depicted in the article. All studied grades differ by high percent of fruiting runaways and high factors of fruiting and fructification. The highest factors of fruiting and fructification of runaways are reflected at grade Viorika, and the lowest - at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways according to the length of a fruit spear are high and rather levelled at all grades. That is why, depending on bushes forming, it is possible to apply short and average (6-7 buds) length of vine cutting. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways from angular buds and sleeping buds are high enough, that shows to good regenerative ability of studied grades. Grades Viorika and the Muscat de Yaloven are tall, and the Muscat onitskan is average height. Degree of ripening of runaways at grades Viorika and the Muscat onitskan is good, at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven - satisfactory. Productivity of grades Viorika, Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan is 77,94; 81,52 and 72,72 centner/hectares, and efficiency of runaway - 199,5; 193 and 221,9 with a significant difference between grades on both indicators. The exit of a mash at grades was 77,5-79,4 %. According to the contents of solids, sugars and acids, grapes of all grades correspond to requirements for manufacture of high-quality direct extraction juice. From grapes of these grades, it is possible to produce high-quality direct extraction juice under the name of ampelographic and blended grades.
Sampling estimation of dry wines from grapes of these grades fluctuates from 7,6 to 7,8 points: 7,8 (Viorika), 7,7 (the Muscat onitskan), 7,6 (the Muscat de Yaloven)
The article presents the results of the fertilizers use effect on dry wine materials produced from the Chardonnay variety, grown in the Anapo-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar region, Russia. As a result of wine materials analysis, increase of tartaric acid was noted, with the autumn application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and the spring application of ammonium nitrate. At the same time, its optimum content was noted with nitroammophos. Also, the minimum concentration of malic acids was detected by the application of nitroammophos with potassium fertilizers. In its turn, early spring application of ammonium nitrate reduced the concentration of malic acid below the control sample (without fertilizers). It was revealed that the use of mineral fertilizers in this winemaking zone also contributed to a reduction of lactic acid in the must. At the same time, the application of nitroammophos (especially together with other mineral fertilizers), contributed to the accumulation of citric and succinic acids, as well as phenolic compounds. Moreover, the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the autumn contributed to the accumulation, and, consequently, also to the increase in the content of phenolic compounds in the resulting must. In addition, the studied samples of wine materials contained high alcohol concentrations and low concentrations of sugars with volatile acids. At the same time, the maximum amount of alcohol exceeding its content in the control sample was revealed when phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were used together with nitroammophos fertilizers. It is also noted that the application of ammonium nitrate did not affect this indicator. As a result, the use of mineral fertilizers in the studied concentrations made it possible to prepare wine materials that contained a low concentration of sulfur dioxide, which is substantially lower than the harmful concentration for humans. In addition, increased concentrations of hydrogen ions in variants with the application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers have made it possible to reduce the number of iron tanates and the intensity of oxidation-reduction processes
The article reviews the results of studying the influence
of mineral fertilizers on the qualitative indices of the
Merlot grape variety in the Anapo-Taman zone of the
Krasnodar region. The technology of cultivation of
grapes on the experimental plot was in accordance with
the accepted for the given zone and culture.
Agrobiological work was carried out at the optimal
time and had a high quality of execution. Grape bushes
are laid in a 3.0 x 2.0 m pattern. Formation - a twoshoulder
horizontal cordon. On the bushes we formed
the same load of shoots and bunches. Scheme of the
experiment: option 1 – no fertilizers (control); option
2-superphosphate with a mixture of potassium salt
(P90K90) from the autumn; option 3 –nitroammofoska
(N120P120K120) from autumn; option 4 – ammonium
nitrate (N60) in early spring. Analysis of the results of
studies on the study of biological features of growth,
fruiting, yield and quality of Merlot grape varieties on the background of the use of mineral fertilizers shows
their high efficiency in the conditions of the AnapoTamanskaya
zone of the Krasnodar region and can be
recommended for use in production conditions.
Mineral fertilizers ensures the receipt of dry bulk wine
of superior quality control sample (without fertilizers)
the concentration of tartaric acid 17.3 25.1 percent,
phenolic compounds 17.1 – 40.0 %, and alcohol
content of 7.2 and 9.3 %, titratable acids 11.8 and 13.7
%, given extract by 17.4 %, with a decrease of the
mass concentration of total sulfur dioxide and pH. The
most effective is the introduction of NPK
(N120P120K120)
The article presents the data on the formation of the embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of wintering buds of the group of technical grape varieties with white berries - White Muscat; Pinot White, Chardonnay, Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha; Riesling, Viorica, Riton, Crystal in the conditions of Anapa-Taman zone. There were revealed the rates of embryonic fruitfulness of central ovaries of buds of studied cultivars and fruiting indices of vegetative shoots developed from them. In all studied grape varieties there was revealed a high percentage of fruitful buds from 84,1 in the variety of Riton at 97.2 at Viorica; and the percentage of fertile vegetative shoots from 81,8 at the variety Citron Magaracha to 97.2 in the variety White Muscat. At the leveled load of bushes, vegetative shoots and the same scheme of planting of bushes (3 x 2 m), the highest yield in terms per hectare showed the varieties Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica, Riton, Crystal, Riesling and Citron Magarach. When assessing the economic efficiency the highest net income and level of profitability were identified in the varieties of Citron Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha, Viorica and Riton. In order to determine which buds will give us shoots with large, well-developed (well-differentiated) buds, and which will not give (weakly differentiated), it is necessary "to look inside a bud". But even already formed germs of inflorescences in the bud are able in a few days in spring or dedifferentiate or degrade depending on the influence of external conditions. Scientists have learned to use this ability to increase the maximum possible yield in years of severe damage of grape by frosts. Firstly, in frosty winters the central buds wither out. The replacing buds usually have poor fruiting and bad productivity during years. In such cases, it is more profitable to conduct a small cutting of angle buds arranged in a circle at the base of a shoot. At the beginning of the second vegetation phase, these buds will obtain the great bulk plastic substances, which will cause the dedifferentiation of rudiments of inflorescences in them. Thus, it is possible not only to restore rapidly the normal shape of a bush, but to obtain a good harvest this year
Numerous studies have found a different quality of the
buds along the length of the fruit arms, which expressed
various degrees establishing embryonic inflorescences in
the central buds. It is revealed that many of the grapes
have more fruit-bearing eyes formed on average (4-6
knots) and upper (7 to 10 knots) levels of fruit escape,
compared to the lower (1-3 nodes) layer. In connection
with the different quality of the buds along the length of
fruit vines should be used and different ways of cutting
them. It is necessary to consider the biological
characteristics of varieties, ways of doing and shaping
the bushes, the weather conditions of the area during the
growing season and relative calm. To receive annually a
stable high yield of grapes, we must first set the optimal
length of pruning fruit shoots and optimal load on the
Bush healthy eyes. This requires for each class on the
eve of trimming bushes to carry out the analysis of the
wintering holes along the length of the fruit shoots and
to identify the embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds,
i.e. to carry out the prediction of grape yield next year.
The article presents data on the formation of the
embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds of wintering buds
at the Taman group of grapes – Arcadia, Viorica,
Hibernal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Moldova, Pinot
white, Riesling, Saperavi, Traminer pink, Tsimlyansky
black, Chardonnay. Found higher rates of embryonic
fruitfulness of Central buds buds in the studied grape
varieties - Chardonnay, Riesling, Viorica, Hibernal,
Merlot, Moldova, where the coefficients of fruiting
ranged from 1.40 m from Riesling to 1.69 from Merlot;
factor productivity of 1.58 from the Chardonnay to 1.77
from Merlo. The high percentage of fruitful buds from
80,8 from Cabernet Sauvignon to 95.6 in the cultivars
Merlot and Chardonnay. A higher percentage of eyes
with 2 embryonic buds in the cultivars Merlot and
Viorica who have this indicator amounted to, respectively: 75,6 and 70.6%. Forecasting a crop of
grapes next year to trim the bushes on the proposed
method will provide a full crop of grapes
Hereby we present the results of the research devoted
to study of influence of growth modulator called
melaphen on the technical brand of gapes such as
Sovinion White and its agro-biological characteristics.
The research was conducted in 2014-2015 using
fruitful grape Sovinion White of 2004 planting as a
subject in agro farm “Yuzhnaya” of Temruk in the
Krasnodar Region. Melaphen is a type of melamine
salt of bioximethilphosphin acid. It evokes complex
influence on the energetic complex of vegetation cell
in all three stages of vegetation. The chemical was
applied mechanically by a tractor sprinkling. The
square of tested patch is 2 hectares. Melaphen usage
was 6,7 ml to 1 hectare . Norm of liquid applied was
700 liters to 1 hectare. Three times the chemical was
applied during vegetation: before blossoming, grape
growth phase (grapes the size of a pea) and before the
grapes ripen. As a result it was estimated that three times chemical application of melaphen to Sovinion
White in dose 1.
10-9 in period after blossoming of
grapes and before the grapes ripen led to more
saturated accumulation of sugar in juice of the grapes
and also to faster ripening and harvesting, larger mass
of grape bunch amount of harvesting from a bush.
Besides, in the tested option growing processes are
accelerated and pigmentation agents are accumulated
faster in the leaves and embryo infestation in winter
sleeping core is boosted at larger scale. Better harvest
quality leads to better wine materials quality.
Application of melaphen provides higher economical
efficiency
This article deals with the results of the research work
concerning the influence of foliar application of grape
of Saperavi variety by soluble fertilizers of new
generation-Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassiumsilicon.
The influence of these fertilizers on yield and
actual fruitfulness have also been investigated. The
experiments have been carried out both in pureform
and in a tankmixture with growth regulator
“VIMPEL”. The treatment by these fertilizers has
been done three times in the following period; after
flowering, in fruit growth phase,(pea-size berry) and
in the phase of fruit maturing The foliar treatment in a
pure form as well as in a tank mixture led to increase
of bunch weight, harvest per bush and the yield
capacity of plantation. The influence of fertilizers
depended not only on variants of experiment but also
on weather conditions of the previous and current year
as well as on the previous yield. The negative
correlation between the indexes of yield structure of
the previous year and the actual fruitfulness of the
current year has been revealed. However, the character
of these correlative connections depends on many
factors and greatly differs according to the year. As a
result of these investigations, it was stated that foliar
application of Saperavi grape variety by fertilizers of a
new generation Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassiumsilicon
in a tank mixture with growth regulator
“Vimpel” in periods after flowering, berry
growth(pea-size berry) and at the beginning of berry
maturing did not promote a stable and significant
increase of the main indexes of an actual fruitfulness. The real increase observed in all experimental variants
was achieved mainly due to the increase of the
average weight of the bunch
The work presents the results of studies on the
influence of the foliar spraying of white grapes of the
technical sort of ‘Chardonnay’ with new water-soluble
fertilizers: Nutrivant plus vinograd, Kelik potassiumsilicon,
Atlanta plus and microelements in chelated
form - Kelkat boron, Kelkat manganese and Kelkat
zinc, on its agro biological and technological
indicators. The field experiment was performed in the
AF Close Joint-Stock company "Primorsk" in
Temryuk District. The diagram of the experiment
consisted of five options: without treatment (control);
Nutrivant plus vinograd - 1 kg / ha; Kelik potassium
silicon - 3 kg / ha; Atlanta plus - 2 kg / ha; a set of
microelements - Kelkat boron, manganese and Kelkat
Kelkat zinc 660 g / ha each. It was established that the
foliar spraying with these fertilizers contributes to a
more intensive accumulation of sugar in the juice of
berries and to the acceleration of the harvest ageing.
Furthermore, the productiveness of shoots has been
increased, as it is shown in a greater number of
inflorescences, and sometimes, the average bunch
weight increases. All this contributes to a significant
increase in a yield from a bush and to a crop yield. The
highest content of chlorophyll (a + b), carotinoid and
the amount of pigment were observed in cases of
"Atlant plus" and "Kelik potassium-silicon," where the
highest sugar was contained in the berries. Foliar
spraying of grapes with the complex of microelements
and also Nutrivant plus and Atlanta plus contributed to
the improving of the quality of wine, as evidenced by
the data of the tasting degustation. The highest mark
was provided by the foliar spraying of bushes using
the complex of microelements
The article presents the material of forecasting for grape
yield of next year and establishing the optimal loading if
cutting of bushes. The material includes 14 varieties of
grapes, 11 of them are technical and 3 are table ones. For
each year of stable high yield of grapes, it is necessary to
pre-set the optimum length of fruit cutting of shoots and
optimum load on the bush healthy eyes. To do this for
each variety on the eve of trimming bushes we perform
optimum productivity analysis of wintering buds of fruit
along the length of shoots, i.e. we implement forecasting
of grape yield for next year. We have a plan of forecasting
for yields of vineyards by microscopy of wintering
buds on one-year shoots of fruit ripened grapes in order
to establish the potential of embryonic establishment of
inflorescences in the central holes of buds. Based on the
analysis of buds, the indices were calculated for wintering
fruiting buds and their degree of damage during the
growing season. It was revealed, that the majority of
grape varieties under study shows high tab embryonic
inflorescences in central buds in overwintering buds for
next year yield. Higher rates at a rate of fruiting buds
were wintering in the varieties: Moldova (section 27). -
1.66; Bianca (section 6). - 1.83; Kunlean (section 15). -
1.71; Merlot (section 14). - 1.64; Saperavi (section 56). -
1.76. The lowest rates of fructification - the varieties
Muscat Hamburg (section 21) and Augustine (section
11) and were respectively 1.20 and 1.24. As a planned
productivity, we offered the optimal loading model of
cutting bushes buds. As a result of productivity analyzes
of buds along the length of the fruit shoots in 2016 we
recommended to carry out pruning of fruit annual shoots
3-4 buds of the form of AZOS-1 and the form of cordon
- 5-6 buds
The article highlights the questions of preliminary determination of the yield of vineyards, grape harvest prediction method to determine the optimal length of fruit cutting of shoots and load bushes wintering eyes, kidneys examined productivity index wintering buds (CP), which shows how many inflorescences have an average for each left eye escape when cutting to length, including the dead. It was found that the yield of grapes has a great influence the degree of differentiation of inflorescence of rudiments in the central buds overwintering buds. From the moment of laying the harvest of grapes in hibernating little eyes in the form of embryonic inflorescences until commercial harvest takes two growing seasons. During this period the generative organs of grape plants are affected by many factors of the environment. Heterogeneity was found of buds along the length of one-year matured shoots. It is expressed in the fact that many grape varieties fruitfulness buds at the base of the shoot are much lower compared with upstream eyes. A certain death of wintering buds (primarily, the main kidney) at the end of the growing season, before the autumn frosts. The main reason for the death of buds during the growing season - from defeat fungal diseases. Taking into account the percentage of deaths of buds proposed a new exponent forming embryonic kidney main inflorescence - productivity index of buds by the ratio of embryonic stems to the number of buds, including the dead. Thus, annual forecasting of grape harvest next year to cutting the bushes by the proposed method makes it possible to scientifically establish the optimal cut length of shoots and fruit load on the bush eyes. This helps to realize directly the potential of each variety and vineyard site and get maximum yields even in years with low fruit tab formations