Scientific Journal of KubSAU

In the conditions of the two-factor field experiment, the influence of four methods of incorporating straw in the soil on the rice yield was studied: plowing, one-, two- and three-time discs and three ways of "processing" the straw: embedding in the soil of the chopped straw in its pure form, together with compensating nitrogen fertilizer and inoculated stubble biodestructor Stemix ® Niva. It is shown that the lowest yield is formed when straw is plowed, while surface tillage of soil by one-, two- and three-fold discs significantly increases the grain yield in comparison with the plow by 2.4, 4.2 and 5.2 c / ha, respectively. Taking into account that the double disking provided an almost twice increase in the yield of the crop and the absence of statistically significant differences with the triple disking; it is this method of incorporating the straw that should be considered the most expedient. The introduction of a compensating nitrogen fertilizer ensured a reliable increase in yield by 5.1 and 3.7 centners per hectare in comparison with the variants with the introduction of straw in pure form and treatment with biopreparation. Calculation of the share of the influence of the factors studied on the rice yield showed that the method for embedding straw provides 29.9% of the variability of the trait under study, the method of straw treatment is 36.7%, and the residual dispersion accounts for 33.4%. Incorporation of chopped rice straw in the soil together with compensating nitrogen fertilizer in the amount of 1% of the mass of straw, by double discing, ensured the receipt of a conventionally net income of 6940 rubles / ha, the rate of return - 70.4% and the cost recovery - 1.7 rubles / rub

In the conditions of the Northern and Southern foothill zones of the Krasnodar Territory, the soil preparation Reasil® Soil conditioner was tested to study its effect on the water – physical properties and structural state of the chernozem of ordinary and alluvial meadow soils. Field and field experiments were conducted in the Northern Zone when maize was cultivated in irrigation. The preparation was applied before sowing by the spreader "Amazone" under pre-sowing cultivation (to a depth of 12 cm) at a dose of 400 kg / ha. In the South foothill zone, the experiment was conducted on a crop – a seedling tomato. The preparation was applied before planting seedlings in a dose of 200 kg / ha. It was established that the application of meliorant did not significantly change the density and total porosity in the arable and subsoil layers of alluvial meadow soil, which was 1,46–1,47 g / cm3 and 44,3–44,5 %, respectively, with practically no pores occupied air (porosity of aeration). However, the use of ameliorant on this soil contributed to an increase in the content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the arable and subsoil horizons, respectively, by 15,9 and 22 %, and the sum of waterproof aggregates by 8,4 and 1,5 %. In the northern zone, when maize was grown, it was established that the application of meliorant did not significantly change the soil density and total porosity in the arable and subsoil layers of the chernozem plain, where it amounted to 1,29–1,32 g/cm3 and 51,6–51,5 % at rather high aeration porosity. The meliorative method reduced the content of agronomically valuable aggregates in the arable layer of chernozem by 15,4 % and increased their quantity in the subsoil horizon (1,4 %). The number of waterproof aggregates increased on the variant with the use of ameliorant, respectively, by 19,9 and 2,8 %