Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Polythematic online scientific journal
of Kuban State Agrarian University
ISSN 1990-4665
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Name

Plotnikov Vladimir Konstatinovitch

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associated professor

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Kuban State Agrarian University
   

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Articles count: 19

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276 kb

60 YEARS IN THE RANKS: FEATURES OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF BEZOSTAYA 1 WINTER WHEAT VARIETY

abstract 1181604035 issue 118 pp. 627 – 657 29.04.2016 ru 1216
This review is devoted to the 60 anniversary of the winter wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.) Bezostaya 1 – a masterpiece of world selection. This variety played a great role in increasing total grain yields in the Kuban Region. It also was an important gene source for Russian and world breeding. This variety has initiated and was for many years a party to research molecular biological mechanisms of wheat frost resistance formation. The article summarizes data about the peculiarities of functioning of protein-synthesizing system it sprouts (coleoptilies) under the influence of hardening temperature (4oC): translational activity in vitro, poliribosomts, degree of polyadenilation and stability of total mRNA and specific mRNA translational elongation factor α subunit 1 (eEF-1 α). The in vitro (ommp) system, which adequately characterizes the relative mRNA stability in vivo was used for these measurements. The effects of cooling and light on mRNA stability were shown to be cultivar-specific. The hardiness of winter wheat has a positive relationship with the amount of RNA and DNA, and a negative correlation with the amount of magnesium cations in mature grain that can serve as a simple marker of frost resistance. The main feature of the variety Bezostaya 1 is high content of magnesium ions (Mg++) in RNA molecules and relatively low variation of Mg++-depending molecularphysiological responses for different environmental conditions. The knowledge gained in the study of variety of Bezostaya 1 contributes to the understanding of molecular biological processes that underlie the selection and determining its future success
464 kb

ANIMAL GENE EXPRESSION IN THE AMINO ACID IMBALANCE. Part II

abstract 0881304019 issue 88 pp. 274 – 314 30.04.2013 ru 1555
This review covers the advances of the molecular biology in the study of gene expression characteristics of animals in the amino acid imbalance
323 kb

BIOCHEMICAL IMPACT OF OPAQUE-2 REGULATORY GENE MUTATION IN HIGH-LYSINE CORN KERNEL: 50 YEARS OF INVESTIGATION

abstract 0981404088 issue 98 pp. 1225 – 1259 30.04.2014 ru 1804
The main aim of this article is to generalize the results of biochemical and molecular research of developing opaque-2 maize seeds (high-lysine mutant of maize) metabolism peculiarities
291 kb

BIOLOGICAL MARKERS FOR SELECTION ON THE FROST RESISTANCE OF WINTER WHEAT AND BARLEY FORM

abstract 1041410128 issue 104 pp. 1834 – 1866 30.12.2014 ru 2047
We have described the theoretical assumptions and methodological solutions in the present review. They are innovative possibilities in the development of laboratory methods for assessing biological features of grain during the selection process
190 kb

CYCLICAL EFFECTS OF ACTINOMYCIN D ON THE BARLEY COLEOPTILES GROWTH

abstract 1071503088 issue 107 pp. 1342 – 1361 31.03.2015 ru 1467
In cell biology, actinomycin D is shown to have the ability to inhibit transcription. Actinomycin D does this by binding DNA at the transcription initiation complex and preventing elongation of RNA chain by RNA polymerase. When soaking the seeds in a solution of actinomycin D, antibiotic blocks RNA synthesis and seed germination occurs at the expense of long-living RNA, available in the mature seed. In the article we present experimental data indicating that as storage seeds of winter barley are changing the action actinomycin D on the growth of coleoptiles. It is shown that actinomycin D at a concentration of 40 µg/ml in October reduced the growth, in December it was not authentically, and in February it was paradoxical amplified growing coleoptiles. We suggest the part of the actinomycin D fastened with growth inhibitor coleoptiles, whose structure changes during seed storage and increase the affinity of actinomicyn D to the inhibitors. At a concentration of 60 µg/ml actinomycin D effectively reduced of the coleoptiles growth. Suppression of seedlings roots growth was proportional to the concentration of the actinomycin D and exposure time
164 kb

EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES ON SEEDS GERMINATION OF WINTER BARLEY

abstract 1271703018 issue 127 pp. 295 – 307 31.03.2017 ru 814
The article presents experimental data on the research of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with mean diameter 15 nm and 50 nm effect on seeds germination and growth of 3-day-old etiolated coleoptiles and roots. Compared with distilled water (control) initial colloidal solution of 15 nm and 50 nm GNPs (57 µg/ml) had no significant impact on seeds germination and growth of coleoptiles and roots. However, in both cases a weak tendency to stimulation of the coleoptile growth and root growth inhibition was observed. Reduction of 15 nm GNPs concentration down to 10 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml had not effect on the growth of the seedlings, but stimulated seed germination up to twofold. Similar concentrations of 50 nm GNPs exerted the stimulating effect on seed germination (twofold) and the growth of root and coleoptiles. Seedlings grew especially intensive in colloidal GNPs solution with Au concentration of 10 µg/ml. Temperature rise of 2 degrees (from 25°C to 27°C) resulted in growth increase of control 3-day-old seedlings and opposite effect of 50 nm GNPs: coleoptiles and roots growth fell behind control seedlings growth by 16-17%. However, on the 4th day, the relative growth slowdown of control seedlings occurred at 27°C and growth stimulation effect under the influence of 50 nm GNPs appeared again. Over time, the stimulating effect of 50 nm GNPs decreased: at the end of October it weakened, and in November – beginning of December, it was no observed for the roots, and there was a decline in coleoptiles growth. However, in all cases the effect of stimulation of seeds germination persisted under the influence of 50 nm GNPs, weakening by December. We hypothesize the molecular mechanisms of biological action of GNPs
229 kb

GENE EXPRESSION OF ANIMALS IN THE AMINO ACID IMBALANCE Part I

abstract 0881304018 issue 88 pp. 252 – 273 30.04.2013 ru 1886
This review covers the advances of the molecular biology in the study of gene expression characteristics of animals in the amino acid imbalance
258 kb

HYGROSCOPICITY OF MATURE GRAIN AS A MARKER OF WINTER BARLEY AND SUNFLOWER FROST RESISTANCE

abstract 1451901012 issue 145 pp. 7 – 30 31.01.2019 ru 546
In the review article we present a comparative analysis of frost resistance of varieties of winter barley and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by the results of freezing in the refrigerating chambers and by the hygroscopicity of mature grain. On the example of a number of varieties of both cultures, it is shown that the higher the frost resistance of the variety, the smaller the volume of the supernatant can be obtained by extracting the press cake with a solution containing magnesium cations. It is assumed that increased hygroscopicity of winter barley and sunflower press cake is associated with a relatively high content of so - called "water-soluble starch" - β-glucan polysaccharides in its grain. The possibility of regulation of the degree of hygroscopicity under the influence of potassium (KNO3), zinc (ZnSO4) and gibberellic acid (GA3) was studied on a number of sunflower varieties. It was shown that treatment with a solution of potassium (a concentration of 50 ppm KNO3) of sunflower plants at the stage of 4 leaves leads to a significant increase in hygroscopicity of grain and hardiness of plants, little effect was given treatment with zinc (30 ppm ZnSO4) and a lesser effect was observed when treating plants gibberellovaja acid (20 ppm). Potassium treatment significantly intensified the biosynthesis of free Proline, phenolic compounds and soluble proteins. When processing zinc significantly increased the content of carbohydrates in sunflower plants. Hygroscopicity showed a significant correlation with the content of free Proline (R2=0.621), phenolic compounds (R2=0.907), total carbohydrates (R2=0.673) and soluble proteins (R2=0.708). It is assumed that the treatment of plants with potassium and zinc plays a key role in increasing the hygroscopicity of grain. The results of comparative studies of frost resistance on the degree of survival of plants during freezing in cold rooms and the degree of hygroscopicity of mature grain showed that these two methods of assessing frost resistance give very close data. At the same time, in terms of simplicity and low economic costs, the proposed method of assessing frost resistance is many times superior to the method of direct freezing of plants
287 kb

INTERACTIONS OF GOLD, SILVER AND MAGNESIUM NANOPARTICLES WITH PLANTS

abstract 1201606047 issue 120 pp. 675 – 705 30.06.2016 ru 1094
The review examines the recent years’ data pertaining to the interaction of plants with nanoparticles of noble metals (gold and silver) and with nanoparticles of magnesium as an element that has a central role in the organization of the cellular protein-synthesizing apparatus. Information is presented about the effect of gold and silver nanoparticles on plants and on possible nanoparticle phytotoxicity. It is shown that magnesium nanoparticles, as well as those of noble metals, produce various effects on the growth and productivity of plants, enabling the arsenal of biologically active substances to be expanded. Analysis is made of the involvement of magnesium nanoparticles in cryobiological reaction of the regular breakdown of plant RNA under conditions of ultra low temperatures, which is important not only for the further developments of views of the origin of life ob Earth but also for the purposes of designing new markers for the analysis of the biological peculiarities of agricultural crops on the basis of studies of magnesium in the long-lived RNA of their mature seeds. The presented critical analysis of the literature data, which are often incomplete and contradictory, suggest that a coordinated research program is needed that would detect correlation between particle parameters, experimental design, and observed biological effects
288 kb

MOLECULAR MARKERS OF THE EFFECT OF INTERACTION "GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT" IN PLANTS ON THE BASIS OF THE DECAY OF mRNA IN VIVO (RNAi) AND IN VITRO (OMMP-SYSTEM)

abstract 1411807012 issue 141 pp. 41 – 64 28.09.2018 ru 511
This overview and theoretical article deals with the consideration of hypothetical possibilities for the development of molecular-kinetic markers of agricultural plants allowing to quantify the effect of genotype-environment interaction on the basis of stability studies of mRNA. The development in view is based on the results of studies of the mRNA decay identity in vivo and in vitro (the ommp system), as well as the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi), widely studied in plants. The ommp system has allowed to establish the relationship of the cultivar-specific growth reaction to the effects of low positive temperatures, dehydration, salinity, illumination and biologically active substances with the stability of the total and a number of gene-specific mRNAs of green and etiolated seedlings of winter soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Similar studies of mRNA stability have been conducted on ripening grains of maize (Zea mays L.), with a particular result of the in vivo and in vitro decay identity confirmed for major mRNAs of stored proteins, 19 and 22 kDa zeins, of normal maize and mutant according to the regulatory gene opaque-2, changing the amount and stability of zein mRNA in the maturing grain of high-lysine maize. Regulatory response of the organism through RNAi is also multiple and includes neutralization of viral and bacterial infections, reaction to pathogens and biologically active substances, circadian rhythms, water stress, hypoxia, mechanical stress, mineral nutrition, salt stress and temperature changes. Unfavorable environmental influences result in an increase or decrease in the expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs). The change in mRNA stability is an important component of the gene expression regulation system in eukaryotic cells. The main determinants of mRNA stability are in the 3'-untranslated region. It is the It is the (U)nА sequence and the degree of polyadenylation of mRNA, i.e. length of its terminal homonucleotide chain. It is to this region that mRNA molecules are complementary to miRNA. The most important component, which largely determines the regularity of the genotype-environment interaction, is the polyadenyl sequence at the 3 'end of the mRNA. Its length depends both on the genotype and on the environmental conditions. There is evidence that polyadenylation degree of mRNA determines the secondary structure of the molecule. As is known, deadenylation of mRNA reduces its lifetime, and when the poly-A-tail reaches several dozens of nucleotides, an explosive disintegration of the mRNA molecule occurs. Consequently, in a living cell the following mRNA decomposition scheme appears to be logical: shortening the poly-A-tail of the mRNA opens the sites of miRNA interaction with the 3'-non-coding region of the mRNA molecule, which causes its degradation. Thus, it is safe to assume that the interaction of mRNA and miRNA in the ommp system is the underlying process for molecular-kinetic markers under development
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