Name
Plotnikov Vladimir Konstatinovitch
Scholastic degree
•
Academic rank
associated professor
Honorary rank
—
Organization, job position
Kuban State Agrarian University
Web site url
—
Articles count: 19
This review is devoted to the 60 anniversary of the
winter wheat variety (Triticum aestivum L.)
Bezostaya 1 – a masterpiece of world selection. This
variety played a great role in increasing total grain
yields in the Kuban Region. It also was an important
gene source for Russian and world breeding. This
variety has initiated and was for many years a party
to research molecular biological mechanisms of
wheat frost resistance formation. The article
summarizes data about the peculiarities of
functioning of protein-synthesizing system it sprouts
(coleoptilies) under the influence of hardening
temperature (4oC): translational activity in vitro,
poliribosomts, degree of polyadenilation and stability
of total mRNA and specific mRNA translational
elongation factor α subunit 1 (eEF-1 α). The in vitro
(ommp) system, which adequately characterizes the
relative mRNA stability in vivo was used for these
measurements. The effects of cooling and light on
mRNA stability were shown to be cultivar-specific.
The hardiness of winter wheat has a positive
relationship with the amount of RNA and DNA, and
a negative correlation with the amount of magnesium
cations in mature grain that can serve as a simple
marker of frost resistance. The main feature of the
variety Bezostaya 1 is high content of magnesium
ions (Mg++) in RNA molecules and relatively low
variation of Mg++-depending molecularphysiological
responses for different environmental
conditions. The knowledge gained in the study of
variety of Bezostaya 1 contributes to the
understanding of molecular biological processes that
underlie the selection and determining its future
success
This review covers the advances of the molecular biology in the study of gene expression characteristics of animals in the amino acid imbalance
The main aim of this article is to generalize the results of biochemical and molecular research of developing opaque-2 maize seeds (high-lysine mutant of maize) metabolism peculiarities
We have described the theoretical assumptions and methodological solutions in the present review. They are innovative possibilities in the development of laboratory methods for assessing biological features of grain during the selection process
In cell biology, actinomycin D is shown to have the ability to inhibit transcription. Actinomycin D does this by binding DNA at the transcription initiation complex and preventing elongation of RNA chain by RNA polymerase. When soaking the seeds in a solution of actinomycin D, antibiotic blocks RNA synthesis and seed germination occurs at the expense of long-living RNA, available in the mature seed. In the article we present experimental data indicating that as storage seeds of winter barley are changing the action actinomycin D on the growth of coleoptiles. It is shown that actinomycin D at a concentration of 40 µg/ml in October reduced the growth, in December it was not authentically, and in February it was paradoxical amplified growing coleoptiles. We suggest the part of the actinomycin D fastened with growth inhibitor coleoptiles, whose structure changes during seed storage and increase the affinity of actinomicyn D to the inhibitors. At a concentration of 60 µg/ml actinomycin D effectively reduced of the coleoptiles growth. Suppression of seedlings roots growth was proportional to the concentration of the actinomycin D and exposure time
The article presents experimental data on the research
of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with mean diameter 15
nm and 50 nm effect on seeds germination and growth
of 3-day-old etiolated coleoptiles and roots. Compared
with distilled water (control) initial colloidal solution
of 15 nm and 50 nm GNPs (57 µg/ml) had no
significant impact on seeds germination and growth of
coleoptiles and roots. However, in both cases a weak
tendency to stimulation of the coleoptile growth and
root growth inhibition was observed. Reduction of 15
nm GNPs concentration down to 10 µg/ml and 1
µg/ml had not effect on the growth of the seedlings,
but stimulated seed germination up to twofold.
Similar concentrations of 50 nm GNPs exerted the
stimulating effect on seed germination (twofold) and
the growth of root and coleoptiles. Seedlings grew
especially intensive in colloidal GNPs solution with
Au concentration of 10 µg/ml. Temperature rise of 2
degrees (from 25°C to 27°C) resulted in growth
increase of control 3-day-old seedlings and opposite
effect of 50 nm GNPs: coleoptiles and roots growth
fell behind control seedlings growth by 16-17%.
However, on the 4th day, the relative growth
slowdown of control seedlings occurred at 27°C and
growth stimulation effect under the influence of 50
nm GNPs appeared again. Over time, the stimulating
effect of 50 nm GNPs decreased: at the end of October it weakened, and in November – beginning of
December, it was no observed for the roots, and there
was a decline in coleoptiles growth. However, in all
cases the effect of stimulation of seeds germination
persisted under the influence of 50 nm GNPs,
weakening by December. We hypothesize the
molecular mechanisms of biological action of GNPs
This review covers the advances of the molecular biology in the study of gene expression characteristics of animals in the amino acid imbalance
In the review article we present a comparative analysis of frost resistance of varieties of winter barley and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) by the results of freezing in the refrigerating chambers and by the hygroscopicity of mature grain. On the example of a number of varieties of both cultures, it is shown that the higher the frost resistance of the variety, the smaller the volume of the supernatant can be obtained by extracting the press cake with a solution containing magnesium cations. It is assumed that increased hygroscopicity of winter barley and sunflower press cake is associated with a relatively high content of so - called "water-soluble starch" - β-glucan polysaccharides in its grain. The possibility of regulation of the degree of hygroscopicity under the influence of potassium (KNO3), zinc (ZnSO4) and gibberellic acid (GA3) was studied on a number of sunflower varieties. It was shown that treatment with a solution of potassium (a concentration of 50 ppm KNO3) of sunflower plants at the stage of 4 leaves leads to a significant increase in hygroscopicity of grain and hardiness of plants, little effect was given treatment with zinc (30 ppm ZnSO4) and a lesser effect was observed when treating plants gibberellovaja acid (20 ppm). Potassium treatment significantly intensified the biosynthesis of free Proline, phenolic compounds and soluble proteins. When processing zinc significantly increased the content of carbohydrates in sunflower plants. Hygroscopicity showed a significant correlation with the content of free Proline (R2=0.621), phenolic compounds (R2=0.907), total carbohydrates (R2=0.673) and soluble proteins (R2=0.708). It is assumed that the treatment of plants with potassium and zinc plays a key role in increasing the hygroscopicity of grain. The results of comparative studies of frost resistance on the degree of survival of plants during freezing in cold rooms and the degree of hygroscopicity of mature grain showed that these two methods of assessing frost resistance give very close data. At the same time, in terms of simplicity and low economic costs, the proposed method of assessing frost resistance is many times superior to the method of direct freezing of plants
The review examines the recent years’ data
pertaining to the interaction of plants with
nanoparticles of noble metals (gold and silver) and
with nanoparticles of magnesium as an element that
has a central role in the organization of the cellular
protein-synthesizing apparatus. Information is
presented about the effect of gold and silver
nanoparticles on plants and on possible nanoparticle
phytotoxicity. It is shown that magnesium
nanoparticles, as well as those of noble metals,
produce various effects on the growth and
productivity of plants, enabling the arsenal of
biologically active substances to be expanded.
Analysis is made of the involvement of magnesium
nanoparticles in cryobiological reaction of the
regular breakdown of plant RNA under conditions of ultra low temperatures, which is important not
only for the further developments of views of the
origin of life ob Earth but also for the purposes of
designing new markers for the analysis of the
biological peculiarities of agricultural crops on the
basis of studies of magnesium in the long-lived
RNA of their mature seeds. The presented critical
analysis of the literature data, which are often
incomplete and contradictory, suggest that a
coordinated research program is needed that would
detect correlation between particle parameters,
experimental design, and observed biological
effects
This overview and theoretical article deals with the consideration of hypothetical possibilities for the development of molecular-kinetic markers of agricultural plants allowing to quantify the effect of genotype-environment interaction on the basis of stability studies of mRNA. The development in view is based on the results of studies of the mRNA decay identity in vivo and in vitro (the ommp system), as well as the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi), widely studied in plants. The ommp system has allowed to establish the relationship of the cultivar-specific growth reaction to the effects of low positive temperatures, dehydration, salinity, illumination and biologically active substances with the stability of the total and a number of gene-specific mRNAs of green and etiolated seedlings of winter soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Similar studies of mRNA stability have been conducted on ripening grains of maize (Zea mays L.), with a particular result of the in vivo and in vitro decay identity confirmed for major mRNAs of stored proteins, 19 and 22 kDa zeins, of normal maize and mutant according to the regulatory gene opaque-2, changing the amount and stability of zein mRNA in the maturing grain of high-lysine maize. Regulatory response of the organism through RNAi is also multiple and includes neutralization of viral and bacterial infections, reaction to pathogens and biologically active substances, circadian rhythms, water stress, hypoxia, mechanical stress, mineral nutrition, salt stress and temperature changes. Unfavorable environmental influences result in an increase or decrease in the expression of certain microRNAs (miRNAs). The change in mRNA stability is an important component of the gene expression regulation system in eukaryotic cells. The main determinants of mRNA stability are in the 3'-untranslated region. It is the It is the (U)nА sequence and the degree of polyadenylation of mRNA, i.e. length of its terminal homonucleotide chain. It is to this region that mRNA molecules are complementary to miRNA. The most important component, which largely determines the regularity of the genotype-environment interaction, is the polyadenyl sequence at the 3 'end of the mRNA. Its length depends both on the genotype and on the environmental conditions. There is evidence that polyadenylation degree of mRNA determines the secondary structure of the molecule. As is known, deadenylation of mRNA reduces its lifetime, and when the poly-A-tail reaches several dozens of nucleotides, an explosive disintegration of the mRNA molecule occurs. Consequently, in a living cell the following mRNA decomposition scheme appears to be logical: shortening the poly-A-tail of the mRNA opens the sites of miRNA interaction with the 3'-non-coding region of the mRNA molecule, which causes its degradation. Thus, it is safe to assume that the interaction of mRNA and miRNA in the ommp system is the underlying process for molecular-kinetic markers under development