Scientific Journal of KubSAU

In this innovational article the results of researches of the influence of new-in-grape nursery-garden practice of Russia GUMINA preparations - LIGNOGUMAT KALIUM (GUMAT KALIUM) with microelements and GUMAT KALIUM LIQUID PEAT - on reclaiming properties of grape cuttings, amount and quality of own-rooted and imparted saplings of various grapes varieties are presented

Extraction of the DNA from leaves of genus Vitis is a very difficult task, as a grape has a lot of elements, which make difficult to use it in the genetic manipulation. In that article used the methods of extraction of the DNA with silica (SiO2) particles as the absorbent material for getting better quality DNA

In the article the questions of grape plantings spareness elimination by the ways of filling-up saplings with cuttings of scleroticе rods, green arms or a bush and reinoculation of bushes. With the preventive purpose, for reduction of plantings spareness degree on a vineyard, stamping of arms, application of potash fertilizers in the summer and in the autumn, stopping of watering in due time, normal loading of bushes with a crop and harvesting in due time are done, i.e. all the conditions for the best ripening of a rod and preparation of plants for winter are made

“Professor Elena Zakharova” variety is a hybrid between Aigeorgitico and Cabernet Fran, which was made in the result Greek-Russian creative scientific cooperation. The period of production is 156-165 days. The growth of arms is fast. The degree of ripening is higher. The percent of fruitful arms is more than 90. The yield is high. The average weight of cluster is 260 g. It has high resistance to cold, drought-resistance and higher resistance to mushroom diseases. The leave is average, symmetrical, average parted, five lobes. There are two inflorescences on one arms - 4 and 6 on the nodes. The flower is hermaphroditic. The cluster is middle, cylindroconical, middle density. The berry is middle, round, blue-black color. The pulp is juicy, with solanaceous taste. The sugar content is high. This variety is developed for producing dry red wines of perfect quality

In this innovation section there are necessary agrotechnical receptions of care by the vineyard bushes, providing reception of high and qualitative crops of grapes. First of all, these are gartering of sleeves, fruit arrows, vegetating arms; operations with green bodies of a bush, fragmentation, extrapollination, stopping, girdling, stamping, etc., and also mechanization of care works

Vitis vinifera subsp. silvestris Gmel. is the wild subspecies of Vitis vinifera L. and an important source of genetic resources for grapes breeding. Currently, this form is very rare in the world. In this paper, conducted the first study of wild grapes which was found in the North Caucasus with the use of two microsatellite markers. The study have shown a high level of genetic diversity: intrapopulation variability was 75,2%, the interpopulation variability accounts was 24,8%. All populations are characterized by certain unique genetic structure and may be as donor of resistance genes which have a long-term evolutionary selection

Two methods were developed, one to assess experimental results by reducing a number of developmental parameters to the overall quality, leading to the overall quality criterion, and the other to optimize processes affected by numerous interacting factors, in-vitro plant development in this case, by applying a mathematical design of experiment. Single-bud cuttings with one leaf of two Vitis vinifera L. genotypes were excised from the central part of two-month-old in-vitro grown plants and used as explants. The explants were established on bridges of filtering paper in liquid media and on solid media. Eighteen modifications of these media contained five macro-elements, each at three concentrations, and the distribution of these macro-element concentrations followed the law of random numbers (Experiment I). Parameters characterizing arm, leaf and root development of two-month-old plants of each study genotype established on each liquid or solid medium were reduced to the overall quality of plant development. Since the study genotypes differed in the ability to grow on liquid and solid media with different macro-element concentrations and also in the ability to utilize these macro-elements, the dependence of in-vitro plant development on macro-element concentrations was described by different regression equations. That is why the regression equation describing the average outcome of plant development in the two genotypes on liquid and solid media was not as significant and the description of the process was not as adequate (determined) as regression equations calculated for each process. The regression equation which describes the dependence of the average outcome of plant development on macro-element concentrations in Experiment I is as follows: y5 = 0.027 + 0.116x22 + 0.109x2x4 + 0.106x2x3 + 0.114x4. Stepwise calculation of macro-element concentrations to optimize in-vitro plant development was done based on macro-element concentrations of the initial medium of Experiment I as starting points since that medium was best efficient for this purpose by using regression equation (y5) and algorithms of multiple curvilinear stepwise regression according to the Box-Wilson method of steepest ascent. Experiment II was undertaken where macro-element concentrations (‘steps’) were calculated in a stepwise manner to optimize in-vitro plant development of the two V. vinifera genotypes and the rootstock ‘Kober 5BB’. This led to a liquid medium and a solid one which enabled a better plant development in the three genotypes relative to the use of controls: media with ½ MS macro-elements and the initial medium whose macro-element concentrations entered as starting points to calculate ‘steps’ for optimization of in-vitro plant development. The optimized medium contained macro-elements: 318 mg l-1 NH4NO3 (x1), 1188 mg l-1 KNO3 (x2), 370 mg l-1 MgSO4 7H20 (x3) (MS), 370 mg l-1 KH2PO4 (x4), 331 mg l-1 CaCl2 (x5) (MS), and other substances at optimum concentrations adjusted earlier: ¼ MS Fe-EDTA, ¼ MS micro-elements, 20 mg l-1 myo-inositol, 0.1 mg l-1 thiamine (MS), 0.5 mg l-1 nicotinic acid (MS), 0.2 mg l-1 pyridoxine, 2 mg l-1 glycine (MS), 0.1 mg l-1 indole-3-acetic acid, 10 g l-1 sucrose and, only for solid media, 7 g l-1 Difco agar. The optimized medium may be used for propagation of virus-free plants, valuable clones and grapevine genotypes created by gene engineering. The mathematical design of experiment reported in this paper which enables stepwise optimization of in-vitro plant development may be used both in agriculture and in the food industry

Steady in a complex seedless Athena sort is born in Greece by Panteley Zamanidi and Leonid Troshin in 2001 by crossing of Sidiritis and Cabernet-Sauvignon sorts. Under morphological and physiological characteristics it is close to the group of Convar. pontica subconvar balcanica Negr. varieties of pool of Black sea. Duration of productional period is 156-165 days. Growth of arms is strong. Degree of ripening of a rod is high. Productivity is high. Percent of fructiferous arms is 90. The average weight of clusters is 400. It differs with high winter hardiness, drought resistance and raised stability to mushroom illnesses in comparison with seedless Euroasian grapes. A blossom bud has green color with yellowy-brown tones. A top of young arm of green color with a weak wine-red border and very strong web-like fluff. Young arm is red from the back, green with a belly with an average web-like fluff. Adult leaf is symmetric. Leaf plate is average or big, green color, five bladed, it is divided weakly. Both parts of a local teeth form straight lines. The form of petiolar dredging is open. Length of footstalk is average. One arm usually has two inflorescences, on 4th and 6th knots. Inflorescences are formed both on the arms which have grown from replacing buds, and from the arms which have been developed from sleeping buds on a long-term wood. The flower is hermaphroditic. Custer is large, branchy, winged, average density. Berry of the average size, roundish, blue and black color. Skin is thin, strong. Pulp is juicy, with solanaceous taste. Sugar content is high. Rudiments of seeds are small. The sort is intended for consumption in a natural way and for manufacturing dry red wines of various categories

In this article the questions of rational placing of bushes on sites when establishing new vineyards are taken up; requirements to a planting material - to cuttings and transplants imparted and own-rooted, one-year and vegetative, technologies of their preparation for planting and planting by different ways, etc. are concerned

In the article the short description of theoretical bases of vine bushes trimming, ways of trimming, methods of setting the optimum loading of a bushes when trimming, optimum terms of trimming young and fructifying plantings, key rules and techniques of trimming of bushes are specified