Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article highlights the characteristics of the three promising for Eurasia table grape varieties bread by genetics-selectioners I.A. Kostrikin and E.G. Pavlovsky with colleagues, also presented confirming photographs in color of abundant bushes, groving buds, young shoots and their tops, adult leaves, grapes and berries; the results reported about their five-year study, both in the industrial environments of OAO AF "South", Training Farm "Kuban" and the branches of the Department of Viticulture Kuban State Agrarian University, as well as in Farmer-amateur conditions of private entrepreneurs of Kuban and Don: Baikonur, Pamyati Uchitelya, Podarok Nesvetaya. These varieties fill in a modern conveyor of table varieties, previously published by us in the press, and are recommended for introduction into the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation in all regions of our country for gardening use

Leaf morphometry of Kuban wild-growing grape liana has not been studied yet and there is no evidence of straight subspecies representatives location of Vitis vinifera silvestris Gmel. on the Kuban land. Though there have been suppositions about it in science since long ago [5]. With morphometric taxonomy appearance there was necessity of exact focusing on modern state of genotypic grape variety and biological leaf polymorphism for link identification silvestris – silvesatis - sativa

Черешки листьев, взятых из растений ин витро, девяти межвидовых гибридов винограда: подвоев Берландиери х Рипариа ‘Кобер 5ББ’, Рипариа х Рупестрис ‘101-14’ и сортов (cvs): 'Бианка', 'Зигфридребе', 'Подарок Магарача’, ‘Первенец Магарача’, ‘Цитронный Магарача’, ‘Интервитис Магарача’ и гибридной формы ‘Магарач 100-74-1-5' культивировали на твердой среде NN, содержащей различные концентрации 2,4-D и BА в различных сочетаниях. Для того, чтобы инициировать рост клеточных суспензий, проэмбриогенные каллусы пересаживали в жидкую среду NN, дополненную 1.0 мг/л 2,4-Д и 0,2 мг/л BА. Субкультивирование этих суспензий в жидкую среду NN, дополненную 2 мг/л NAA и 0,1 мг/л BА, привело к развитию агрегатов эмбриоидов, а пересадка в жидкую среду с 0,5 мг/л BА вызвала развитие единичных глобулярных и сердцевидных эмбриоидов. Проэмбриогенные клеточные суспензии, состоящие из преимущественно отдельных клеток, могут быть использованы в трансформации генов и селекции на клеточном уровне с целью уменьшения вероятности появления химерных растений

The article presents historical information about the stages of gradual transformation of the first non-large wine-making institution of Crimea, organized in 1828 under the initiative of Prince M.S. Vorontsov in the natural boundary called Magarach near the Imperial Nikitsky botanical garden in the world famous Institute of Grape and Wine "Magarach" - once the chief coordinator of the research work in the field of viticulture and winemaking republics of the USSR and the main forge of scientific staff in this direction. Among the directors of the institute of the last century, there were such talented organizers as A.G. Globa, T.G. Kataryan, P.Y. Golodriga. The Institute operated a network of regional branches, created enotec with a settled in 1836 wine Muscat pink Magarach (World rarity is reflected in the Guinness book of records), the world ampelographic collection (fourth in number of samples), scientists developed area-standard assortment for production, issued 11 Volumes of "Ampelography of USSR" (awarded by OIV), designed a lot of outstanding for yield and stability varieties (Pervenets Magaracha, Ranniy Magaracha, Citron Magaracha et al.) and clones (Muscat white of Red Stone, Pinot Noir yields and others.) grapes. There was a significant contribution in the sphere of research and development of viticulture and winemaking of world, the institute was given an international prestige and this led to establishing the base of the General Assembly of the OIV - International Organization of Grape and Wine, the International Symposium on the selection of wine-town, several international wine tasting competitions and International finest examples of table grapes

New wine grape flavored pink berry grape variety named “Radost Leonidov” breed at Athens Institute of Viticulture by P.Zamanidi, L.Troshin and P.Radchevskii in 2009 by crossing the new Moskhoragos Greek muscat variety with old European variety Traminer pink. According to morphological and biological characteristics, it can be assigned to Western European eco-geographical group of varieties. Strong growth of shoots (2,1-3,0 m). The extent of maturation of vines is very high (over the entire length, except for the top). Duration of production period from bud burst to harvest - 146-155 days. Productivity is high: 20-25 t / ha. The average weight of clusters is 260. Characterized by high winter hardiness, drought resistance and increased resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with the varieties of Vitis vinifera. Flower is hermaphrodite, fully developed stamens and gynoecium. Bunch is small, conical, sometimes winged, average density. Berry is small, spherical, pinkish in color, with a thick waxy coating. Peel of medium thickness, dense and durable. Pulp and juice with a strong varietal flavor, similar to the aroma of Traminer pink. Sugar content is very high: more than 24%. Cluster of the variety of Radost Leonidov at overripening is drying and stored on the bushes for a long time. The variety is intended for the production of dry white wines of excellent class, as well as highquality sparkling wines, dessert and sweet wines; suitable for the production of high-quality aromatic juices

The article describes the history of the institute called "Magarach" and the formation of the world's ampelographic collections in the Crimea and Kuban, provides data on the genetic diversity of the original parent Crimean collection of grape, carries out the impact of its long-term ampelo-breeding and genetic work. We have found the best ampelo-genetic rennets, both in the Crimea (zoned in Russia and abroad varieties of Academician Avidzba, Pervanets Magaracha, Jubilee Magarach, Antei magarachsky, Nimrang ustoichivii, Podarok Magaracha, Riesling Magaracha Novoukrainsky Rannii, Granatovii Magaracha, Krymchanin, Rkatsiteli Magaracha, Spartanets Magaracha, Tavkveri Magaracha, Citronnii Magaracha, promising varieties Livya, Solnetchnaja grozd, etc..) and in the Kuban region. Magarach ampelographic collection was and still is the parent of many national collections of gene pools of, the former Soviet republics, including the Russian Federation as well: Anapa ampelographic collection in the North Caucasus NIISiV has 3356 samples collected from 41 countries, including ones from the institute of "Magarach" (about 40%). Using its base we had a comprehensive biological and economic evaluation of the outstanding genotypes for ampelo-genetic and clonal selection – such as zoned Bogotyanovsky, Helios, Dolgogdannii, Kubattik, Libya K, Arathi, Preobragenie, Rochefort K, Chrizolit, Citrine, Anthracite, promising varieties Annie, Baikonur, Gourmet Kra, Memory Master Nesvet Gift, Jubilee Novocherkasska, etc.

The article presents the results of the studies of 11 varieties cultivated in the eastern region of South Coast wine-growing zone of Crimea (planting of "Solnechnaja Dolina ", near Sudak mountain) in the area of their natural growing, where was formed the gene pool of grapes for a long time. As a result, the three-year (2010-2012) study found that the majority of indigenous varieties had small number of fruitbearing shoots in the bush: the varieties with colored berry - 53,3-73,3%, in white-berry - 46,6-75,9% except Shabash variety - 79.9%. We have identified the most productive varieties which were Dzhevat kara (62.2 t / ha), Kokur Beliy (48.9 t / ha), Kapselsky Beliy (44.4 t / ha), and varieties with female type of flower: Kefesiya, Ekim kara, Kock pandas, Sary pandas and Crona gave not high yield: 22.2; 22.2; 24.4; 28.9 and 28.9 t / ha. On the strength of growth, productivity and the accumulation of sugars in the juice of berries, we picked out varieties of Dzhevat kara, Crona, Kapselsky beliy. According to the main economic indicators, it turned out that the most profitable varieties are Dzhevat Kara, Kokur beliy and Kapselsky beliy. Hence, these varieties in conditions of the Crimea have much greater prospect of reproduction and development of production

The article contains the results the study of the mechanical composition of clusters and biochemical characteristics of the red wine grape varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot (regionalized), Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Kortis and Verdot black (introduced). In terms of the structure of the cluster of the variety they can be divided into three groups: Cabernet Kortis and Cabernet Sauvignon (16,6-16,8), Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Franc and Verdot Black (17,5-17,9), Merlot (19.9 ). In terms of addition of the variety they can be divided into four groups: Cabernet Franc (6.3), Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot (4.9-5.0), Cabernet Carbon (4.3), Verdot Black and Cabernet Kortis (3, 7-3,4). Structural parameters of the clusters of the varieties we have studied were ranged from 5.1 to 5.6, and the berry from 64.3 to 74. The yield of the wort from Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Merlot is equal to 75,1-77,7% from Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Kortis and Verdot Black - 70,5-72%. Mass concentration of sugars in the studied varieties was in the range of 22,3-26 g / 100 cm3, titrated acids - 0,47-0,77 g / 100 cm3, active acidity - 3.1-3.8. The ratio of fructose to glucose was: Verdot Black - 1.2, Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Carbon - 1.5, Cabernet Kortis - 1.8, Kabernet Franc - 2.8, Merlot - 3.2. Most ranged organic acid in all varieties – wine acide. Relation of the content of tartaric and wine acids in varieties amounted: Cabernet Kortis 7: 1, Cabernet Karbon 6: 1, Cabernet Franc 2.8: 1, Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot 2: 1, Verdot Black 1,4-1. Mass concentration of cations in the varieties was (in mg / dm3): potassium - 816,4-1770, sodium - 13,03-21,31, magnesium - 76,21-106, calcium - 52,24-89,45. In comparison with Cabernet Sauvignon larger potassium cations had Cabernet Franc and Merlot, sodium cations - Cabernet Carbon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, magnesium cations - Cabernet Carbon, Kortis, Cabernet, Merlot, calcium cations - Cabernet Kortis, Merlot and Cabernet Carbon

The article contains the results of the study of mechanical composition of grapes and biochemical characteristics of white wine grapes for the production of juice of direct extraction and blending. Thus, the yield of studied grapes ranged from 7.5 to 13.2 t / ha: highest yielding varieties and hybrids of Pervenets Magaracha and Tsitronnyy Magaracha, and the lowest - Chardonnay and Pinot blanc. At an average weight of clusters of varieties were divided into three groups - large clusters (230-243 g) in varieties Pervenets Magaracha and Tsitronnyy Magaracha, medium (181-184 g) - the varieties Chardonnay and Pinot blanc, small (112-116 g) - the varieties Bianca and Viorica. By weight of the 100 berries were divided into four groups - Bianca and Viorica (I), Pervenets Magaracha (II), Chardonnay (III), Pinot blanc and Tsitronnyy Magaracha (IV). Weight of 100 seeds from the largest varieties Pinot blanc and Bianca, and the lowest - in the varieties of Tsitronnyy Magaracha and Chardonnay. The solids content in the juices of these varieties ranged from 19.4 to 21.8%, which corresponded to branded products and higher of commodity varieties. Mass concentration of sugars ranged from 18.4 to 21.3 g / 100 cm3. Titratable acid content in the juice was varied from 0.65 to 0.78 g / 100 cm3. Sugar-acid ratio, defined as the ratio of concentration of sugars and titratable acids ranged from 23.6 to 30. The recommended values for this indicator were within 22-30. According to the results of the tasting, we rated "excellent" the juices from the varieties of Tsitronnyy Magaracha, Viorica (19 points) and Bianca (17 points); "good" marks were given to the juices from Pinot blanc, Chardonnay, Pervenets Magaracha: this means that we can get juices of excellent quality from the grape varieties under study with the title of ampelographic variety; in addition, the juice of the grape of varieties Chardonnay, Pinot blanc, Bianca, Pervenets Magaracha due to their potassium content will be functional to improve the cardiovascular system. On the basis of the tasting we have conducted mixing of the juices from the varieties of Viorica and citron Magaracha with other juice varieties 50:50 and 70:30. Sensory evaluation showed that blending juices from the varieties of Viorika and citron juice Tsitronnyy Magaracha other varieties improves product quality and 50:50 increases by one the total score, and 70:30 - two units. Blend of the varieties of Viorica and Tsitronnyy Magaracha does not increase the total score, but gives the product a special flavor and aroma. Hence, using the grape varieties under study we can produce varietal juices with the name of their ampelographic type and blended juices to extend the assortment

The article presents the characteristics of the mechanical composition of clusters, the chemical composition of grape juice and fresh grapes and wine tasting evaluation of three varieties of table. We have identified the following uvologic indicators of clusters of cultivars Flora, Nisina and Anyuta: structure - 90.0; 91.5; 87.3; addition - 8.0; 6.6; 10.8; structural - 6.4; 5.4; 8.1; berries - 17.6; 15.0; 10.4. In the studied berries of grape varieties the mass concentrations of sugars and titratable acids were in the range 18,1-23,5 and 0,73-0,78 g/100 cm3 respectively. The combination of sweetness and acidity causes high taste properties of grapes. In grape berries of Flora and Nizina the concentration of fructose was two times more than glucose. Differences in the content wine, malic, lemon and succinic acids in berries varieties of Flora and Nizina were insignificant. In the berries of Anyuta variety, the concentration of lemon and succinic acids was more, malic was less than other varieties. Most of the studied varieties of berries contain malic and wine acids. More of cations of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium then in other varieties and it contain less than Anyuta berries. The difference in the content of various cations in the berries of varieties of Flora and Nizina is negligible. Tasting score of fresh grape of Flora variety was 7.0, Nisina - 7.8 and Aniyta - 7.6 points