Scientific Journal of KubSAU

The article presents the characteristics of the mechanical composition of clusters, the chemical composition of grape juice and fresh grapes and wine tasting evaluation of three varieties of table. We have identified the following uvologic indicators of clusters of cultivars Flora, Nisina and Anyuta: structure - 90.0; 91.5; 87.3; addition - 8.0; 6.6; 10.8; structural - 6.4; 5.4; 8.1; berries - 17.6; 15.0; 10.4. In the studied berries of grape varieties the mass concentrations of sugars and titratable acids were in the range 18,1-23,5 and 0,73-0,78 g/100 cm3 respectively. The combination of sweetness and acidity causes high taste properties of grapes. In grape berries of Flora and Nizina the concentration of fructose was two times more than glucose. Differences in the content wine, malic, lemon and succinic acids in berries varieties of Flora and Nizina were insignificant. In the berries of Anyuta variety, the concentration of lemon and succinic acids was more, malic was less than other varieties. Most of the studied varieties of berries contain malic and wine acids. More of cations of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium then in other varieties and it contain less than Anyuta berries. The difference in the content of various cations in the berries of varieties of Flora and Nizina is negligible. Tasting score of fresh grape of Flora variety was 7.0, Nisina - 7.8 and Aniyta - 7.6 points

The article highlights the questions of preliminary determination of the yield of vineyards, grape harvest prediction method to determine the optimal length of fruit cutting of shoots and load bushes wintering eyes, kidneys examined productivity index wintering buds (CP), which shows how many inflorescences have an average for each left eye escape when cutting to length, including the dead. It was found that the yield of grapes has a great influence the degree of differentiation of inflorescence of rudiments in the central buds overwintering buds. From the moment of laying the harvest of grapes in hibernating little eyes in the form of embryonic inflorescences until commercial harvest takes two growing seasons. During this period the generative organs of grape plants are affected by many factors of the environment. Heterogeneity was found of buds along the length of one-year matured shoots. It is expressed in the fact that many grape varieties fruitfulness buds at the base of the shoot are much lower compared with upstream eyes. A certain death of wintering buds (primarily, the main kidney) at the end of the growing season, before the autumn frosts. The main reason for the death of buds during the growing season - from defeat fungal diseases. Taking into account the percentage of deaths of buds proposed a new exponent forming embryonic kidney main inflorescence - productivity index of buds by the ratio of embryonic stems to the number of buds, including the dead. Thus, annual forecasting of grape harvest next year to cutting the bushes by the proposed method makes it possible to scientifically establish the optimal cut length of shoots and fruit load on the bush eyes. This helps to realize directly the potential of each variety and vineyard site and get maximum yields even in years with low fruit tab formations

The article gives an overview of the results of studies on indigenous grape varieties of the Republic of Abkhazia and the identification of their agro-biological characteristics

Newest technical black berry variety named Piste (“Faith” in Greek) with colored flesh and juice breeded at Athens Institute of Viticulture (Greece) by researchers Zamanidi P., L. Troshin and P. Radchevskii in 2007 by crossing the Greek varieties Afoos (Mavrodafni x Alicante Boucher) with Ukrainian variety Odessa black (Alicante Bouchet x Cabernet Sauvignon). Duration of production period is 146-155 days. Growth of shoots is strong (2,1-3,0 m). The percentage of productive shoots is more than 90. The yield is very high: 25-30 t / ha. The average weight of clusters is 250 g. It can be characterized by high winter hardiness, drought resistance and increased resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with varieties of Vitis vinifera. Flower is hermaphrodite. Cluster is medium, conical, sometimes with wings, medium density. Berry is small, round, blue-black color with a thick waxy coating. The skin is medium thickness, dense and durable. Pulp and juice are intensely colored. Very high sugar content. Variety is intended for the production of intensely colored dry red wines of excellent class, as well as high-quality sparkling wines, dessert, sweet and liqueur wines; suitable for the manufacture of high-quality strong colored juices. When used in blends with other varieties enhances color, full flavor and enhances the bouquet of the wine

New wine grape flavored pink berry grape variety named “Radost Leonidov” breed at Athens Institute of Viticulture by P.Zamanidi, L.Troshin and P.Radchevskii in 2009 by crossing the new Moskhoragos Greek muscat variety with old European variety Traminer pink. According to morphological and biological characteristics, it can be assigned to Western European eco-geographical group of varieties. Strong growth of shoots (2,1-3,0 m). The extent of maturation of vines is very high (over the entire length, except for the top). Duration of production period from bud burst to harvest - 146-155 days. Productivity is high: 20-25 t / ha. The average weight of clusters is 260. Characterized by high winter hardiness, drought resistance and increased resistance to fungal diseases in comparison with the varieties of Vitis vinifera. Flower is hermaphrodite, fully developed stamens and gynoecium. Bunch is small, conical, sometimes winged, average density. Berry is small, spherical, pinkish in color, with a thick waxy coating. Peel of medium thickness, dense and durable. Pulp and juice with a strong varietal flavor, similar to the aroma of Traminer pink. Sugar content is very high: more than 24%. Cluster of the variety of Radost Leonidov at overripening is drying and stored on the bushes for a long time. The variety is intended for the production of dry white wines of excellent class, as well as highquality sparkling wines, dessert and sweet wines; suitable for the production of high-quality aromatic juices

The article provides an overview of the results of the research of non-root treatment of bushes with activated water with the features of BAS. We have found that activated water, charged with the "Akvator" device through the BAS matrix has the property of impact on plant and the efficiency exceeds impact of BAS solutions themselves

The article highlights the questions of a preliminary determination of vineyard yield, studying the dynam-ics of sugar content in berries, harvesting methods of handheld and mechanized grape harvesters. We have also presented color photographs of functioning har-vesters in the vineyards

The newest wine grape variety Eftihiya with aromatic pink colored skin (in Greek the name means “happi-ness”) was breed with hybridization at the Athens In-stitute of Viticulture by P. Zamanidi, L. Troshin and P. Radchevskiy in 2005 by crossing the Greek varieties and Malaguzya with Eurasian Traminer pink. Dura-tion of production period from bud burst to harvest 146-155 days. Yields are very high: 25-30 t / ha. Modal mass of clusters is 250 g. Bunch is conical, me-dium density. Berry is medium, short elliptical, pink colored, with a thick wax coating. Pulp and juice with the expressed varietal flavor, similar to the aroma of Traminer pink. Sugar content of more than 24%. Vari-ety is designed for production for the dry white wines of excellent class and high-quality sparkling, dessert and sweet wines; suitable for the production of high quality aromatic juices

The article highlights the characteristics of the three promising for Eurasia table grape varieties bread by genetics-selectioners I.A. Kostrikin and V.N. Krainov with colleagues, also presented confirming photographs in color of abundant bushes, groving buds, young shoots and their tops, adult leaves, grapes and berries; the results reported about their five-year study, both in the industrial environments of OAO AF "South", OOO "Phanagoria-Agro", Training Farm "Kuban" and the branches of the Department of Viticulture Kuban State Agrarian University, as well as in Farmer-amateur conditions of private entrepreneurs of Kuban and Don: Aniuta, Gurman Kraynova, Jubilee of Novocherkassk. These varieties create a modern conveyor of table varieties and recommended for introduction in the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation in all regions of our country for gardening use

The article highlights the characteristics of the three promising for Eurasia table grape varieties bread by genetics-selectioners I.A. Kostrikin and E.G. Pavlovsky with colleagues, also presented confirming photographs in color of abundant bushes, groving buds, young shoots and their tops, adult leaves, grapes and berries; the results reported about their five-year study, both in the industrial environments of OAO AF "South", Training Farm "Kuban" and the branches of the Department of Viticulture Kuban State Agrarian University, as well as in Farmer-amateur conditions of private entrepreneurs of Kuban and Don: Baikonur, Pamyati Uchitelya, Podarok Nesvetaya. These varieties fill in a modern conveyor of table varieties, previously published by us in the press, and are recommended for introduction into the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation in all regions of our country for gardening use