№ 116(2), February, 2016
Date issued: 29.02.2016
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Forecasting of scientific and technical progress is
necessary to make grounded management decisions.
In this article, we forecast the development of
information and communication technologies in
order to solve a particular but important issue of
design of professional standards in the aerospace
industry. We identify the factors affecting the
development of information and communication
(computer) technologies, with their help determine
the trends of development of these technologies over
the next two decades. The main trend - the
maximum cheaper production of computer (or
network) components, combined with an increase in
their capacity. One way to reduce the cost of
production is the "centralization" - combining
several components into one. The third trend - the
desire to reduce the size of computers. The size of a
future computer could be a device the size of a
pencil, a pin or button, as the system unit has a
negligible size, keyboard and display are virtual,
transfer any amount of information through a virtual
office online. The development of secure free
copying will lead to increased use of this free
software and technologies "rental program" over the
Internet. We predict an increase in reliability and
intensive programs while maintaining the general
principles of the interface. Revolutionary changes
are expected production (machines, sensors), and
household appliances
The article analyzes the development of the theory
of statistical control (from the XVIII century to the
present). Prof. M.V. Ostrogradskii (1846) clearly
describes the practical needs (ie, arising from the
quality assurance of large quantities of bags of
flour or pieces of cloth), to meet whom he spent his
research. At the same time Simpson was among the
ideas of probability theory XVIII century.
Therefore prof. M.V. Ostrogradskii may be
regarded as the founder of the theory of statistical
process control (not only in our country but all over
the world). Limit theorems of probability theory
and mathematical statistics have provided a
number of asymptotic results in problems of
statistical quality control, offer based on these best
practices. However, we must find out how much
interest among specialists characteristics are
different from limit for finite sample sizes. Such
research for the synthesis algorithm control plan on
the basis of the limit average output level of defects
is made in this article, and for the synthesis
algorithm control plan on the basis of the
acceptance and the rejection levels of defects - not
yet (clarification of the conditions of applicability
of this algorithm - unsolved problem of applied
mathematics). We have briefly reviewed the
development of our researches on the statistical
control. Control units can be not only some units of
production, but also documents (with internal and
external audit), and standard units of air, water and
soil in the environmental monitoring. One of the
achievements can be regarded as the transfer of
statistical control of production for environmental
monitoring
Statistical methods are widely used in domestic
feasibility studies. However, for most managers,
economists and engineers, they are exotic. This is
because modern statistical methods are not taught in
the universities. We discuss the situation, focusing
on the statistical methods for economic and
feasibility studies, ie, econometrics. In the world of
science, econometrics has a rightful place. There are
scientific journals in econometrics, Nobel Prizes in
Economics are awarded to series of researches in
econometrics. The situation in the field of scientific
and practical work and especially the teaching of
econometrics in Russia is disadvantaged. Often,
individual particular constructions replace
econometrics in general, such as those related to
regression analysis. In econometrics we select three
types of scientific and applied activities:
development and study of methods of applied
statistics, taking into account the specifics of
economic data; development and study of
econometric models, in accordance with the specific
needs of economic science and practice; the use of
econometric methods for statistical analysis of
specific economic data. This article describes these
three types of scientific and applied activities. We
discuss the specificity of economic data. We show
the importance of economic non-numeric values. We
discuss the statistics of interval data - scientific
direction at the joint of metrology and statistics. We
give the representation of the econometric models.
Problems of application of econometric methods are
considered as an example of inflation. We discuss
the statistics and econometrics as the field of
scientific and practical activities. We have examined
econometric methods in practical and training
activities
In practice, there were developed and tested some
mathematical models of balance relationships (balance
model), economic growth, expanding economy, labour
market, theories of consumption, production, competitive
equilibrium models of the economy in conditions of
imperfect competition and others. The basis of these
models were based on linear algebra, mathematical
analysis, mathematical programming, differential
equations, optimization methods, optimal control theory,
probability theory, stochastic processes, operations
research, game theory, statistical analysis. The inverse
problem in various models of mathematical Economics
was considered quite rare. These tasks were sufficiently
investigated in the study of physical processes. As shown
by the analysis of the theoretical and applied studies of
economic processes, they represent considerable interest
for practice. Therefore, the considered in the study
inverse problems of the mathematical model, as it is
shown by the already introduced results of other
mathematical models, are of considerable interest in
applied and theoretical research. In this article, the
authors have formulated and investigated an inverse
problem for a model of economic growth. For its
solution the authors propose to build a system of
algebraic equations, using a reproduction model of
national income; then, using methods of quadratic
programming, to find the best average quadratic
estimates of the model parameter
In this study we investigate the dynamics of relativistic
particles in the axially symmetric metrics. We have built
metric having axial symmetry and contains two centers
of gravity and a logarithmic singularity. The application
received metrics to the movement of particles in galaxies
is described. It is established that there are stable orbit in
the metric with two centers of gravity, the particle
velocity at which reaches the value v/ c ≈ 7.0 . Orbit
radius varies widely, but remains substantially flat orbit.
Unstable same movements are completed so that the
particles leave the system. The hypothesis that this kind
of relativistic objects can serve as sources of the
magnetic fields of the planets, stars and galaxies has
been proposed. The question of the realization in the
galaxy metric of Einstein's hypothetical elevator in
which there is a uniform gravitational field, simulating
the accelerated movement of the elevator is described. A
homogeneous gravitational field in a limited region of
space was numerical simulated. It has been shown that
this kind of accelerated objects generate relativistic
effect in the form of a log potential, not diminishing with
distance from the center of the system. It is assumed that
such capabilities can be associated with the Higgs field
responsible for the occurrence of the inertial mass of the
elementary particles
The article discusses the dynamic model of the rocket
motor electromagnetic type, consisting of a source of
electromagnetic waves of radio frequency band and a
conical cavity in which electromagnetic waves are
excited. The processes of excitation of
electromagnetic oscillations in a cavity with
conducting walls, as well as the waves of the YangMills
field have been investigated. Multi-dimensional
transient numerical model describing the processes of
establishment of electromagnetic oscillations in a
cavity with the conducting wall was created
Separately, the case of standing waves in the cavity
with conducting walls been tested. It is shown that the
oscillation mode in the conducting resonator different
from that in an ideal resonator, both in the steady and
unsteady processes. The mechanism of formation of
traction for the changes in the space-time metric, the
contribution of particle currents, the Yang-Mills and
electromagnetic field proposed. It is shown that the
effect of the Yang-Mills field calls change the
dielectric properties of vacuum, which leads to a
change in capacitance of the resonator. Developed a
dynamic model, which enables optimal traction on a
significant number of parameters. It was found that
the thrust increases in the Yang-Mills field
parameters near the main resonance frequency. In the
presence of thermal fluctuations and the Yang-Mills
field as well the traction force changes sign,
indicating the presence of various oscillation modes
The article discusses the dynamic model of the rocket
motor electromagnetic type, consisting of a source of
electromagnetic waves of radio frequency band and a
conical cavity in which electromagnetic waves are
excited. The processes of excitation of
electromagnetic oscillations in a cavity with
conducting walls, as well as the waves of the YangMills
field are investigated. The multi-dimensional
transient numerical model describing the processes of
electromagnetic oscillations in a cavity with
conducting wall created. Separately, the case of
standing waves in the cavity with conducting walls
considered. It is shown that the oscillations mode in
the conducting resonator different from that in an
ideal resonator, both in steady and unsteady
processes. The mechanism of formation of traction
for the changes in the space-time metric, the
contribution of particle currents, the Yang-Mills and
electromagnetic field proposed. It is shown that the
Yang-Mills field calls the change of the dielectric
constant, which leads to a change in the capacitance
of the resonator. Thus, the parametric resonance
occurs in the system, which leads to a strengthening
of the Yang-Mills amplitude, and to the emergence of
traction. We have developed a dynamic model, which
enables optimal traction on a significant number of
parameters. It was found that the thrust increases in
the Yang-Mills field near the main resonance
frequency. A model describing the excitation and
emission of nonlinear waves of the Yang-Mills field
was proposed. It is shown that nonlinear waves of the
Yang-Mills field more effectively carry the
momentum from the system in comparison with
electromagnetic waves, and it explains the significant
increase by several orders of thrust in the engines of
the electromagnetic type, compared with the photon
rocket
Life Sciences
The article provides information about the species
diversity of the family of Asteraceae in the natural area
of the Yakut botanical garden. We provide the
information about the method and the area of the
study, the description of the phytocenotic surrounding,
taxonomic analysis, areal analysis, bio-morphological
analysis (the variety of life forms) which was given by
the K. Raunkier, rhythmological analysis,
environmental analysis (by A.P. Schennikov),
analysis of phytocoenotic
The anthropogenic interference plays more and more increasing role in modern ecologic paradigm. Adjusting this role to the studied region, it is defined by the socio-economic conditions being formed in our country. The rate of construction in the resort zones of the Krasnodar region is sweepingly rising. In spite of the high therapeutic-recreational capacity of the region, this tendency is leading to the further worsening of the ecological situation. The strengthening of the ecological control in the terms of the present economic crisis is highly urgent when more and more Russians prefer native resorts for their rest and in the first turn - resorts of the Krasnodar region. The condition of the ambient air of some recreation zones of the Krasnodar region has been studied. Methods of atomic-absorbing chromatography and optical emissive spectrometry have been used. It has been shown that the differences in data are mainly determined by the different content of the air impurities depending on the probe selection place. According to the studied data, the ecologically purest places are Krasnaya Polyana and Goryachy Klyuch. Whereas, the content of atmospheric air pollutants in the central districts of the resort towns of Sochi and Goryachy Klyuch exceeds MAC. The comparison of the obtained data with the same data of the city of Krasnodar that had been obtained before allows making a conclusion about the favorable eco-hygienic state of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region. So our investigations authentically prove the existence of the significant differences in the ecological conditions of the city on the one hand and of the resort zones of the Krasnodar region on the other hand
The plant body cells must contain a certain
amount of water for a normal life. Water
deficiency in cultivated plants was due to using
herbicides used in intensive technologies of
cultivation of agricultural crops. The conditions
of the environment determine the sensitivity of
the plant to herbicide. Soil and climatic conditions
of winter wheat grown in the time of herbicide
treatment are important for the effectiveness of its
actions. It was found, that plants grown under
shade or high humidity are more sensitive to
herbicides than ones grown in bright sunlight and
in times of drought. During drought, and in the
open sunny spot, plant development is faster and
become more stable. On soils rich in humus, we
may grow less herbicide-resistant plants than in
soils poor in organic matter. Herbicides are
moved through the vascular system of plants with
nutrients and metabolic products, they cause
general poisoning as deformation of the stem and
leaves of the plants, growth inhibition, chlorosis,
fragility of leaves and stems, sterility, reducing
the amount of free to bound water, which is
particularly important for combating perennial
weeds that have strong and well-developed root
system. Monocots are able to immobilize the leaf
herbicides. Latency of herbicides and their
immobilization are carried out in various ways.
Elucidation of the physiological characteristics
that determine the resistance of plants to water
scarcity and the effects of the herbicides is the
most important task, the solution of which is not
only of great theoretical, but also has practical
significance
The article deals with hawthorn Dagestan. It is noted
that the more than 100 species are found 14 species in
Dagestan. The most common of them are studied as a
source of biologically active substances and nutrients,
and they can be used as food additives for various
purposes. The content of biologically active substances
and nutrients are defined. The high content of phenolic
substances in C. pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, which play
an important role in the formation of immunity and
possessing P-vitamin activity is defined. Amino acid
and fatty acid composition of the fruit of the hawthorn
Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. et Kit, as the most
valuable for using as food additives is defined by ionexchange
and gas-liquid chromatography. Sixteen
amino acids were identified and quantified in the
protein component of hawthorn fruit. The high content
of essential amino acids such as lysine, threonine,
valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine.
The amount of essential amino acids is 296.1 mg / 100
g. Chromatographic separation of fatty acid methyl
esters has enabled us to establish the presence of the
following fatty acids: palmitic, oleic, stearic, linoleic
and linolenic, including established the presence of
essential fatty acids - the family of alpha-linolenic acid
OMEGA -3 and linoleic acid family of OMEGA -6
The article considers data on the stocktaking of plants
in the collection of medicinal plants of the Yakut
Botanical Garden on the following parameters: the
study of the component composition, the inclusion in
the Pharmacopoeia articles and the Russian State
Register of medicinal products. Introduction test in the
collection has been performed for 158 species from 99
genera and 41 families, currently the collection has
101 species from 79 genera and 34 families. Chemical
composition of plants is known for 61 species. 17
species are pharmacopoeal and 15 species make
medicinal products available. The rest of the medicinal
plants can be used in folk medicine. Most represented
are Asteraceae family (25), Ranunculaceae (20),
Rosaceae (16), Fabaceae (15), Lamiaceae (13), among
tested plants. According to the assessment of
introduction capabilities, 49 species in the collection
are highly stable, 51 - stable and just one is unstable
This article presents information about the features of biotechnology as the driving force of scientific and technological progress. The national programs of the leading countries of the world, it is one of the priority sectors, reflecting the level of the socio-economic condition of the society. Biotechnology is now successfully solves such vital tasks as providing food, the establishment of effective medicaments, obtaining fuel based on renewable raw materials, maintaining ecological balance, conservation of biological resources of the Earth. The development of agriculture in modern conditions is impossible without agricultural biotechnology. It is directly related to viticulture. Choosing an object of an integrated system (embryos, apical meristem, axillary buds), it is possible to clone plants, i.e. produce plants identical to the original. If the same as the object to use isolated cells or protoplasts, in this case, there will most likely altered versions, creating diversity for the breeder. Genetic engineering – the science of younger, since the establishment of the first chimeric DNA molecule. The origin of genetic engineering is rooted in the development of molecular genetics, biochemistry. These technologies, undoubtedly progressive, but their biological safety is still insufficiently explored and is a danger to all life on Earth. The leading Western powers carried out strict control over the introduction of transgenic crop plants, as they are in agrocenosis new biological risks that may adversely affect the plants, animals and humans. In Russia, as in other countries, have already adopted the law “State regulation of genetic engineering”
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The article proposes using the automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software tool, which is the system called "Eidos" for synthesis and application of adaptive intelligent measuring systems to measure values of parameters of objects, and for system state identification of complex multivariable nonlinear dynamic systems. The article briefly describes the mathematical method of ASC-analysis, implemented in the software tool – universal cognitive analytical system named "Eidos-X++". The mathematical method of ASC-analysis is based on system theory of information (STI) which was created in the conditions of implementation of program ideas of generalizations of all the concepts of mathematics, in particularly, the information theory based on the set theory, through a total replacement of the concept of “many” with the more general concept of system and detailed tracking of all the consequences of this replacement. Due to the mathematical method, which is the basis of ASC-analysis, this method is nonparametric and allows you to process comparably tens and hundreds of thousands of gradations of factors and future conditions of the control object (class) in incomplete (fragmented), noisy data numeric and non-numeric nature which are measured in different units of measurement. We provide a detailed numerical example of the application of ASC-analysis and the system of "Eidos-X++" as a synthesis of systemic-cognitive model, providing a multiparameter typization of the states of complex systems, and system identification of their states, as well as for making decisions about managing the impact of changing the composition of the control object to get its quality (level of consistency) maximally increased at minimum cost. For a numerical example of a complex system we have selected the team of the company, and its component – employees and applicants (staff). However, it must be noted that this example should be considered even wider, because the ASC-analysis and the "Eidos" system were developed and implemented in a very generalized statement, not dependent on the subject area, and can successfully be applied in other areas
The article analyzes the issues of social and cultural
analysis of texts by methods of mathematical statistics
applied to the field of higher education. It presents the
essence of the socio-cultural paradigm and the
importance of sociocultural factors in research activity
in higher education institutions. The examples of use
of information technologies, based on methods of
mathematical statistics for the analysis of social and
cultural texts were shown. It is concluded that sociocultural
component in education contributes to the
realization of socio-cultural competence, and
application of mathematical and statistical methods in
the analysis of socio-cultural texts helps to obtain
meaningful conclusions due to the possibility of
analyzing large amounts of information and larger
number of factors
The article substantiates the necessity of creation the
experimental equipment for examination of the power
components in the investigated process; a block
diagram of the measuring system was presented. We
have also developed a method of selecting a mounting
location and connection schemes of the sensors, as
well as the approbation of the experimental equipment
is made in the implementation of a trial of full factorial
experiment
We have considered hybrid nontraditional and
renewable sources of energy in terms of optimizing
their work based on the knowledge of technical and
functional peculiarities of each. We used
classification of clusters of nontraditional and
renewable energy of sources, depending on the
proportion of replacing power in energy
consumption and on the type of nontraditional and
renewable energy of sources. We examined a
simulation model of the hybrid cluster using the
structural diagram and performed statement of the
problem by means of the full and multifactor
experiment. We applied the method of analysis of
non-stationary random process disturbing influences
Nowadays on the market, there is a large variety of CAD systems and specialized software; however, to solve effectively research and design problems there remains task of development and implementation of national Russian-language information systems that are compatible with the requirements of Russian regulations to support the design and research of industrial buildings and facilities parameters. Being irrespective of the sizes and structure of the industrial enterprises, there are a number of approved design techniques, including calculations of lighting, heating, ventilation, water supply and so on. To improve the efficiency of the interested experts work on their basis there were developed efficient algorithms as well as information systems and database. In the article there is justified the necessity of the developing information systems and processes of industrial premises designing on the example of lighting calculation. We have highlighted the main ways of increasing project work efficiency of engineering and technical personnel on industrial enterprises. For their practical implementation, there is required proper organization of information flows by creating programs and databases complex. The article includes information about the "Calculation of lighting industrial enterprises" subsystem that is the part of the "Designing of industrial enterprises" information system. We have presented methodology of work with the software product in the mode of calculation of industrial premises lightning with fluorescent lamps using the method of light flux utilization factor
To solve the problem of reducing the power supply system’s reliability a prompt full-scale diagnostics based on modern methods can help. Inculcation of information systems for the operational diagnostics implementation allows providing the operating personnel with information that enables to predict possible infringements in power transformers work and to prepare in advance an action plan to address them. The paper presents fragments of the developed monitoring system of power transformer using programmable logic controllers. Within the work of the system there were marked such groups of controlled parameters as information about temperature and the cooling system work; magnitude of windings voltage per phase; the windings current values per phase; information about being transmitted and transmitted power; information about the insulation state. There is designed a functional scheme of the system for monitoring the state of the power transformer. There is described a general algorithm of system functioning. There is developed graphical operator interface that allows to monitor the object state and to manage the system state. Using XML markup language there was designed format of data packets. Designed hardware and software package can be used in the educational process, as it allows to improve the quality of students training, to bring them closer to the realities of modern professional activities; in operational activities as complying with the approved domestic calculating methods replacement of foreign software; in science in solving problems of analysis and optimization of operating parameters of power transformers
In the article, we have described the main causes of
the fuel-air mixtures explosion and such affecting
factors as air blast and fragmental fields. Explosions
are performed using various sources of energy. The
scale of the explosions consequences depends on
their detonation power and the environment in which
they occur. The range of the affected areas can reach
several kilometers. The basic parameter that
characterizes the explosives is the maximum
pressure. Increasing distance from the explosion, the
maximum pressure and pulse decrease and action
duration increases. There is presented method, which
is developed in Windows-based applications that
allows investigate the dependence of the destruction level on the distance and the explosion epicenter.
Algorithm of application operation implements
automatically filling of the "molar mass of
combustible material, g/mol" field depending on the
user’s choice of the flammable substance name. After
calculating the raw data, the user moves to the
calculation of all the parameters and sees the results
of the calculation. By default, the calculation results
are presented in tabular form. Further, the results of
calculation are presented with a graphical
representation of data. The developed software can
be used in the educational process at studying such
disciplines as "Theory of burning and explosion",
"The production safety", "Protection in emergency
situations", and also be recommended to practical
workers in the sphere of labor safety, prediction and
assessment of the technological accidents and
catastrophes consequences, teachers of this profile
disciplines
An analysis of patented in Russia and abroad methods for
providing preservation of plant products, particularly apples
and pears, was carried out in the article. The patent search
was made for the period from 1995 to 2015 in the databases
of patent offices of the United States of America, Japan and
European patent organization. The patented methods,
realization of which allows increasing of storage life of
agricultural products by means of using different kinds of
electromagnetic radiation, regulating the content of gaseous
medium in the storage, treating with chemical substances,
inhibiting the microbiological processes, creating hermetic
storing conditions, were systematized.
The realized research allowed drawing a conclusion on the
relevance of work in the field of search for new methods for
providing stable quality of fruits in the process of storing,
particularly with the use of electromagnetic fields of very
low frequency
The article shows using plant phospholipids (lecithin)
in the manufacture of bakery products. The article
analyzes the patented ways of using phospholipids
products (lecithin) in the production of bakery products
in Russia and abroad. Patent search was conducted
over the period from 1935 to 2015 on databases of
patent offices of the United States, Japan and the
European Patent Organisation. Conducted analysis led
to the conclusion about the widespread use of
phospholipids in bakery products. It was determined
that generally there are used lecithins derived from
sunflower, soybean and peanut oil, but the lecithins
obtained from rapeseed oil production which are
significant not only in Russia, but also abroad, are not
used. Due to this, there were made conclusions about
scientific and practical interest to study effectiveness of
lecithin derived from rapeseed oil, to improve the
quality, nutritional value and longer preservation of
freshness of bakery products
Plowing is the main and most energy-intensive way of primary tillage. The development and the introduction of the energy-saving ways of the primary tillage are of great scientific and practical interest. In the Azov-Black Engineering Institute, we have developed a combined method of the tillage and a tool using left-hand blades designed to handle the lower layers of the soil. The tool is designed for a layered tillage providing moldboard shallow and mouldboardless shallow (12 ... 18 cm) subsurface tillage using the cropping and the offset of the lower layer of soil in the direction of the daylight surface. The installation of the left-hand blades is designed to decrease the energy intensity of the technological process by reducing the weight of soil treated by the plow body. The aim of this study is to compare the energy assessment of the three ways of the tillage: - Plowing without skimmers; - Plowing with coulters being at the wall of the furrow; - Plowing with a left-hand blades tool. The study has been carried out using a graphical simulation of the shifting of the center of gravity of the soil layer. The assessment of the energy intensity of the technological process has been carried out by the capacity value consumed to shift the center of gravity of the treated layer of soil at the different depths of the tillage. The results of the study have showed that the change of the total quantity of the shifting of the center of gravity of the treated soil layer ranges from 0.43 ... to 0.67 m in respect of the two first-mentioned ways of plowing, while the same index in respect of the combined tool ranges from 0.37 ...to 0.55 m. The maximum power consumption of the process is also higher in respect of the two first-mentioned ways of the tillage. The power required to shift the center of gravity of the treated layer in respect of both ways ranges from 0.6 ... to 2.0 kW. , while the same index in respect of the combined method of tillage ranges from 0.3 ... to 0.9 kW
There are various ways of achieving various crops
productivity increase. Here belong the following
ways: chemical, physical and physical and chemical.
In our opinion, the most perspective way of presowing
processing is processing by mix of air and
ozone, which belongs to physical and chemical ways
of impact on seed material. To obtain the mix of air
and ozone is also possible in several ways. The most
economically expedient way of ozone synthesis is in
the barrier electric ozonizer discharge. However, to
achieve a positive effect in ozone influence it is
necessary to observe accurately technological
parameters as dosages excess can lead to oppression
of growth processes in seed. Therefore, it is necessary
to consider all known hypotheses connected with
ozone influence on agricultural plants and their
development process. Researches in this field show
that under the influence of ozone on seed material,
inside a seed the cleavage of the protein mass takes
place. Proteins pass into more available form and as a
result it is easier for sprout to receive the nutrients in
proteins that promotes the accelerated growth. It is
also necessary to note that ozone saturates grain with
active forms of oxygen. It is necessary as well to
remember bactericidal properties of ozone, which
provide destruction of harmful microflora
surrounding grain. All these factors lead to
improvement of grain sowing qualities and, as a
result, increase yielding capacity
This article speaks about the impact on the soil by the
logging machines is the compaction, deformation,
mineralization of the soil, changing its structure,
biological, water-physical and chemical properties.
The negative impact of machinery on soils depends on
the construction and systems of machines,
technologies of timber harvesting, climate, forest, and
other factors. This work considers a comprehensive
assessment of the impact of the process of logging on
the environment and proposes measures to reduce the
anthropogenic impact on soil, water bodies. We have
determined the annual volume of emissions to the
atmosphere from combustion engines of logging
equipment, characteristics of gross emissions of
pollutants into the atmosphere after cleaning of the
neutralizer gas; we have also determined the amount of
pollutants by vehicles in the transportation of wood
total in the process of clear cutting
Quality of seed material is defined by several
parameters which are: viability, growth force, energy
of germination and so on. But one of the most
important indicators is productivity. It is possible to
increase productivity of agricultural plants when
using various ways of preseeding processing. One of
ways of preseeding processing is ozonization. Thus, it
is possible to receive ozone and air mix by means of
various devices. One of the most effective ways of
receiving ozone is its synthesis in the field of an
electric discharge of an electroozonizer. But, at the
moment, in the world the set of designs and
modifications of electroozonizers is known. In this
regard, we carried out literary search, with the
purpose to define the most effective design of the
generator of ozone. We investigated various designs
of generators of ozone and their positive and negative
sides are given. On the basis of the carried-out
analysis it is established that the most suitable design
for receiving ozone at preseeding processing of seeds
is the ozonizer of lamellar type. But, despite
efficiency of application of a lamellar ozonizer, it is
necessary to achieve its stable work as preseeding
processing of especially small seeds demands
accurate observance of technological parameters
Stages of connecting metal and glass process are elucidated
in the article, the hypothesis about possibility
of wide use of glass as hydropneumatic cylinders
working surface is viewed, possibility of use of the 3D
technology in the considered process is estimated
Relevance of developing Internet service for searching
travel companions for intercity and intracity trips
substantiated in the article. The existing services that
provide similar services were analyzed, their
shortcomings and advantages of the basic principles of
operation were identified and analyzed. Functional of
own service was disclosed in comparison to existing
ones. The variants to benefit drivers and passengers
were offered
The article presents the analysis, selection and justification
of a mixer sowing apparatus, its kinematic indicators
in the hydroseeding of vegetable crops, providing
a uniform distribution of seeds in the volume of
fluid and seeded area and the results of laboratory research
The article presents the results of the researches of the
work of sprays of the offered sprayer at the laboratory
Agrotop stand. On the basis of the conducted researches,
for processing of a cane of rice checks using slothole
sprays providing uniform distribution of toxic
chemical on capture width is recommended
The analysis, choice and justification of the device
intended for management of a stream of working liquid
at hydroseeding, and also the results of the laboratory
researches of its uniform expiration are presented
in this article
The article presents native and foreign bench-top
and board methods to test the automobile break
systems. One can find information about some
native trailer-break stands. We have analyzed their
advantages and drawbacks such as low information
capacity, high diagnostics processing time, low
quality of regulation and maintenance operations
due to big influence of the operator’s experience,
his knowledge and individual characteristics, and
great instability of manual test modes on the results
of the investigations. To remove these shortcomings
they have had some experiments at MADI in order
to develop the module to the brake qualities stand.
When using it one can have automatic diagnoses
and flow chart is presented in the article. Due to the
existing vehicles’ state inspection mode and
diagnostic means in our country there appeared new
stands for brakes control. One can attribute to these
devices a range of brake qualities stands developed
and produced at Novgorod plant GARO. These are
STS-3, STS-10 and STO series stands for cars,
trucks, buses and micro-buses. The article also
presents some foreign stands used in Russia such as
universal brake stands STM by META firm, the
break stand IW7 Eurosystem by MAHARUSSIA
firm. We have presented in the article the results of
the analysis of simple and complicated board means
of diagnosis as “Eftor-2”, “Effect”
The article discusses the application of automated system-cognitive
analysis (ASC-analysis), its mathematical
model is a system of information theory and implements,
its software tools – intellectual system called
"Eidos" for solving one of the important tasks of ampelography:
to quantify the similarities and differences
of different clones of grapes using contours of the
leaves. To solve this task we perform the following
steps: 1) digitization of scanned images of the leaves
and creation their mathematical models; 2) formation
mathematical models of specific leaves with the application
of information theory; 3) modeling the generalized
images of leaves of different clones on the basis
of specific leaves (multiparameter typing); 4) verification
of the model by identifying specific leaf images
with generic clones, i.e., classes (system identification);
5) quantification of the similarities and differences
of the clones, i.e. cluster-constructive analysis of
generalized images of leaves of various clones. The
specific shape of the contour of the leaf is regarded as
noise information on the clone to which it relates, including
information about the true shape of a leaf of
this clone (clean signal) and noise, which distort the
real shape, due to the random influence of the environment.
Software tools of ASA-analysis which is
intellectual "Eidos" system provides the noise suppression
and the detection of a signal about the true shape
of a leaf of each clone on the basis of a number of
noisy concrete examples of the leaves of this clone.
This creates a single image of the shape of the leaf of
each clone, independent of their specific implementations,
i.e. "Eidos" of these images (in the sense of Plato)
- the prototype or archetype (in the Jungian sense)
of the images
Main principles of ranking of objects, which are
evaluated by numeric parameters, are considered in the
article. Undoubtedly, the technique for internal
assessment of University’s department should be
harmonized with techniques of external assessments. It
means that during setting of internal indicators, key
indicators of external ratings must be taken into
account. However, the system of rating’s composition
by force of indexes’ aggregation, setting of weighting
coefficients, using of various mathematic methods for
reduction of an estimate to integral value, could differ
from systems currently in use. The choice of methods
is validated, which are appropriate for the procedure of
ranking of University’s structural departments. For
selection of alternatives based on specified criteria,
Analytic hierarchy process by Saaty and Cogger and
Yu method are proposed. The technique for internal
rating of structural departments have been developed,
which allows to estimate evolution of positions of
faculties and departments in rating, as well as to
recommend possible improvements.
Recommendations for carrying out of University
departments’ effectiveness monitoring are formulated.
Techniques under development are being led to
practical implementation, and could be introduced into
self-assessment processes of Higher educational
institutions. Complex technique combines all proposed
techniques, and is a tool for carrying out of internal
assessment of effectiveness of Higher educational
institutions’ activities on base of uniform computation
procedure with using of the set of approved indicators.
The advantage of proposed technique is its flexibility,
which consists in the possibility to adopt the
calculation of indicators of activities’ effectiveness in
accord with changes in the register and contents of
primary data. Results of internal assessments of the
University and its’ structural departments should favor
the improvement of management system as well as
creating of terms for dynamic development of the
University, grounded on maximum effective using of
available resources and potential of University’s
research personnel
Nine out of ten acts of sabotage are committed by
people one way or another associated with information
technologies. According to experts at InfoWatch,
developer of systems to protect confidential
information from insiders, the reason for this
profession lies in the psychological characteristics of
these employees. Reading more will allow
understanding the problem with a couple of examples
from the life that most powerfully illustrate typical
traits of professionals in the information environment.
And, although the first teller did not hide his name, the
second one decided to remain anonymous. Deep
psychological background of the act of sabotage often
leads to the fact that a disgruntled employee threatens
boss or colleagues, for example, by e-mail. Sometimes
he even shares his thoughts with someone from
colleagues. In other words, not only the attacker knows
the information about the upcoming sabotage. Analysts
estimate that other people know 31% of information
about the plans of a saboteur. Of these, 64% are
colleagues, 21% with friends 14% — family members
and another 14% were accomplices. It was also
determined that 62% of corporate saboteurs think
through their actions beforehand. In 47% of cases, they
commit preparatory acts (e.g., theft of confidential data
backups). 27% — design and test of the future
mechanism of the attack (preparing a logic bomb on
the corporate network, additional hidden system
entries, etc). In 37% of cases the activity of employees
can be noted: of this amount, 67% of preparatory
actions visible online 11% offline and 22% both
Intuitively everyone understands that noise is a signal
in which there no information is, or which in practice
fails to reveal the information. More precisely, it is
clear that a certain sequence of elements (the number)
the more is the noise, the less information is contained
in the values of some elements on the values of others.
It is even stranger, that noone has suggested the way,
but even the idea of measuring the amount of information
in some fragments of signal of other fragments
and its use as a criterion for assessing the degree of
closeness of the signal to the noise. The authors propose
the asymptotic information criterion of the quality
of noise, and the method, technology and methodology
of its application in practice. As a method of application
of the asymptotic information criterion of noise
quality, we offer, in practice, the automated systemcognitive
analysis (ASC-analysis), and as a technology
and software tools of ASC-analysis we offer the universal
cognitive analytical system called "Eidos". As a
method, we propose a technique of creating applications
in the system, as well as their use for solving
problems of identification, prediction, decision making
and research the subject area by examining its model.
We present an illustrative numerical example showing
the ideas presented and demonstrating the efficiency of
the proposed asymptotic information criterion of the
quality of the noise, and the method, technology and
methodology of its application in practice
Stable obtaining in high quality fruits in the required
volumes for Russia is possible in the transfer of
industrial gardening to intensive cultivation system.
Planting of this type provide a high early appearance
and productivity, high quality fruits and quick payback
on investment in their creation means. All of this is
formed in the nursery garden. Under these conditions,
the development and introduction of innovative
machine technologies for industrial production of
sticks is an urgent task. The problem of mechanization
of the technological operation for earthing up ratoon
shoots of vegetative propagated stocks has been
considered in this work. A perspective scheme of
machine comprising two milling rotors which have a
flanked line with axis of rotation parallel line plants
proposed consequently analytic research constructions
of technical means for earthing up ratoon shoots. The
program of the research for parametrics milling barrel
for earthing up ratoon of vegetative propagated apple
stocks include defining the dependence impact of the
kinematics indicators (forward and circumferential
speed of labor body) and the constructive indicators
(quantity of blade and angle of their setting) to
qualitative criterion: structure of soil provide optimal
establishment stocks, and form of swath. Attainment of
agrotechnical demands for earthing up ratoon shoots of
vegetative propagated stocks is provided by the given
aggregate under circumferential speed of labor body
υ=3,9 m/c, quantity of blades – 4 pieces and angle of
setting blades on rotor γ = 10°
…20°
. The use of a
universal complex for the work in queen cell with
technological module for earthing up ratoon shoots
will allow not only labor-saving, but also mark up
leaving of qualitative ratoon
Life Sciences
The process of the presowing seed treatment with
alternating electromagnet field of the commercial
frequency (EMF CF) 50 Hz is economically
efficient. The use of the EMF CF 50 Hz in the unit
with ring pole pieces allows increasing the
germinating energy and power. The electromagnet
seed treatment in the units with ring pole pieces is
the perspective process of the presowing treatment
which does not make unhealthy influence on the
operating personnel. At the presowing treatment one
has to take into account three factors; they are the
arrangement of seeds in the working chamber, the
time of treatment and the seed humidity. In this
article the authors recommend to promote the unit
consisting of a magnetic circuit with ring pole
pieces of the rectangular cross-section, a
magnetizing coil and an embedding of the nonmagnetic
material in the working chamber which
allows to increase the germinating energy of spring
barley by 10% and the germination by 6,5%. The
addition to crop capacity has run to 7% as a result of
the spring barley treatment. We analyzed the
parameters of the working chamber of the
alternating electromagnetic field source of industrial
frequency of 50 Hz, we established the dependence
of the rate of treatment on the parameters and
modes of installation, which are confirmed by
laboratory tests. Long-term field studies revealed
that the field germination rate of the seeds of spring
barley treated with EMF IF, even under adverse
weather conditions, exceeds by more than 8% of the field germination rate of control samples
The article presents the material of forecasting for grape
yield of next year and establishing the optimal loading if
cutting of bushes. The material includes 14 varieties of
grapes, 11 of them are technical and 3 are table ones. For
each year of stable high yield of grapes, it is necessary to
pre-set the optimum length of fruit cutting of shoots and
optimum load on the bush healthy eyes. To do this for
each variety on the eve of trimming bushes we perform
optimum productivity analysis of wintering buds of fruit
along the length of shoots, i.e. we implement forecasting
of grape yield for next year. We have a plan of forecasting
for yields of vineyards by microscopy of wintering
buds on one-year shoots of fruit ripened grapes in order
to establish the potential of embryonic establishment of
inflorescences in the central holes of buds. Based on the
analysis of buds, the indices were calculated for wintering
fruiting buds and their degree of damage during the
growing season. It was revealed, that the majority of
grape varieties under study shows high tab embryonic
inflorescences in central buds in overwintering buds for
next year yield. Higher rates at a rate of fruiting buds
were wintering in the varieties: Moldova (section 27). -
1.66; Bianca (section 6). - 1.83; Kunlean (section 15). -
1.71; Merlot (section 14). - 1.64; Saperavi (section 56). -
1.76. The lowest rates of fructification - the varieties
Muscat Hamburg (section 21) and Augustine (section
11) and were respectively 1.20 and 1.24. As a planned
productivity, we offered the optimal loading model of
cutting bushes buds. As a result of productivity analyzes
of buds along the length of the fruit shoots in 2016 we
recommended to carry out pruning of fruit annual shoots
3-4 buds of the form of AZOS-1 and the form of cordon
- 5-6 buds
In the decision to establish solid fodder resources
in the arid parts of Southern Russia triticale should
take its rightful place. It must be introduced instead
of winter wheat, inferior to the yield, quality and
output of nutrients per unit of area. It is necessary
to maximize the potential of new varieties of
winter triticale, as the productivity of animals
largely depends on the varietal characteristics of
the culture. Triticale has attracted special attention
by its ability to exceed the parental forms on
productivity and quality, and resistance to adverse
soil and climatic conditions and the most
dangerous disease is not inferior to rye. The
generalized data of most researchers characterize
triticale as a factor in increasing the productivity of
animals and reducing the cost of feed per unit of
output, although in some cases there is a negative
trend in reduction of productivity by the
replacement of cereal grain components for winter
triticale. Due to the enrichment of compound feed
with triticale grain by enzyme preparations and
enzyme-probiotic supplements we can greatly
increase productivity, digestibility of main
nutrients, improve meat quality and reduce the cost
of feed per unit of output. We can increase the
productive effect of triticale grain by extrusion. In
physiological metabolic experiments, it is found
that by extruding of triticale grain the digestibility
of the main nutrients is increased by 1.3-1.8%.
Extruding of triticale before feeding promotes
slaughter yield and increases the levels of protein
in the muscle. The use of triticale in rations instead
of wheat reduces the cost of the diet, the cost of the
manufactured products and increases profitability.
The study of achievements of scientists from
various scientific organizations necessitates the
further breeding work with the culture of triticale
and requires the development of innovative
technological methods that can help reduce the
concentration of pentosans and beta-glucans in the
grain
There were reviewed the results of the study of the
dependence of main of phenological phases of
development of corn hybrids of different maturity
groups of selection of Krasnodar Research Institute of
Agriculture named. P.P. Lukyanenko in a zone of
sufficient moisture of Central Ciscaucasia (Ross 199,
Ross 299, Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the
All-Russian Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170,
Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as early-middle
middle Rossiyskaya 1 from the change of average daily
air temperature at different dates of sowing and preplant
seed treatment by the preparation "TMTD-plus"
containing the growth promoter called Krezatsin in its
composition. The studies were conducted in
accordance with the thematic plan of scientific
researches of the department of crop and forage
production of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The
technology of maize growing on the experimental plot
corresponds to the standard technology for this area
and culture. The sowing was performed in three stages.
The first (early) sowing period was at t = + 7 ... +8 ° C.
The second (recommended) – was at t = + 10 ... + 12 °
C. The third (later) sowing period was carried out at t
= +15 ° C. There was identified a high inverse
correlation between the average daily air temperature
and the duration of the intraphase periods of maize
propagation. Thus, at the shifting of maize sowing
dates with the second half of may on the second half of
April, the optimization of heat regime in the generative
period and rising of efficiency of use of thermal of
resources of the region. There was marked the
acceleration of development of corn seedlings when
the average daily air temperatures was up to +12 ° C
at the samples with the application of the disinfectant
TMTD-plus
This article deals with the results of the research work
concerning the influence of foliar application of grape
of Saperavi variety by soluble fertilizers of new
generation-Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassiumsilicon.
The influence of these fertilizers on yield and
actual fruitfulness have also been investigated. The
experiments have been carried out both in pureform
and in a tankmixture with growth regulator
“VIMPEL”. The treatment by these fertilizers has
been done three times in the following period; after
flowering, in fruit growth phase,(pea-size berry) and
in the phase of fruit maturing The foliar treatment in a
pure form as well as in a tank mixture led to increase
of bunch weight, harvest per bush and the yield
capacity of plantation. The influence of fertilizers
depended not only on variants of experiment but also
on weather conditions of the previous and current year
as well as on the previous yield. The negative
correlation between the indexes of yield structure of
the previous year and the actual fruitfulness of the
current year has been revealed. However, the character
of these correlative connections depends on many
factors and greatly differs according to the year. As a
result of these investigations, it was stated that foliar
application of Saperavi grape variety by fertilizers of a
new generation Nutrivant plus and Kelik potassiumsilicon
in a tank mixture with growth regulator
“Vimpel” in periods after flowering, berry
growth(pea-size berry) and at the beginning of berry
maturing did not promote a stable and significant
increase of the main indexes of an actual fruitfulness. The real increase observed in all experimental variants
was achieved mainly due to the increase of the
average weight of the bunch
There were reviewed the results of the study of the
dependence of main phenological phases of
development of corn hybrids of different maturity
groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute
of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko in the arid
zone of Central Ciscaucasia (Ross 199, Ross 299,
Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the AllRussian
Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170,
Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as early-middle
Rossiyskaya 1 from the changes of average daily air
temperature of planting dates and preplant seed
treatment by the preparation "TMTD-plus", containing
the growth promoter called Krezatsin in its
composition. The studies were conducted in
accordance with the thematic plan of scientific
researches of the department of crop and forage
production of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The
technology of maize growing on the experimental plot
corresponds to the standard technology for this area
and culture. The sowing was performed in three stages.
The first (early) sowing period was at t = + 7 ... +8 °
C. The second (recommended) – was at t = + 10 ... +
12 ° C. The third (later) sowing period was at t = +15 °
C. There was identified a high inverse correlation
between the average daily air temperature and the
duration of the intraphase periods of maize
propagation. Thus, at the shifting of maize sowing
dates with the second half of May on the second half of
April we have optimization of heat regime in the
generative period and rising of the efficiency of use of
thermal resources of the region. There was marked the
acceleration of development of corn seedlings when
the average daily air temperatures was up to 12 ° C at
the samples with the application of the disinfectant
TMTD-plus
Social Sciences and Humanities
The authors analyze the results of the lessons and
consequences of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945
in the context of modernity, as well as falsification
attempts to distort, defame and otherwise detract the
role of the USSR in the victory over Nazi Germany.
They argue that the knowledge of the truth about the
Great Patriotic War gives us the opportunity not only
proud of the feat of their fathers and grandfathers, our
homeland, but also strengthen the belief in the great
future of modern Russia. They say that for a long time in
Western historiography, and, unfortunately, in the
domestic, and plant abstracts, not only contrary to the
truth, archival materials and documents, but also the
common logic. In particular, the article in question of
who is to blame for fueling the war - the Soviet Union
and Germany, Stalin or Hitler? The authors argue that,
despite some external similarities in politics and
ideology of the two historical actors of Stalin and Hitler,
the two totalitarian regimes, it is really only superficial
similarities. The authors show that it is the ideology and
politics of fascism and Nazism became the primary
cause of the outbreak of Hitler started World War II, and
then the attack on the Soviet Union. The article stated a
direct continuity between past and present Nazi fascism,
emerging after the coup in the Ukraine with the direct
support of the West. The article analyzes and that
assistance provided by the Soviet Union and its allies in
the anti-Hitler Germany - United States and Britain.
Without belittling their contribution to winning, the
authors, however, have proved a decisive role of our
country in it
The article is devoted to the military and
administrative activities in the Caucasus in 1838–1842
y. one of the Royal Governors-Evgeny Aleksandrovich
Golovin. The author concludes that as a Russian
Patriot and aiming initially to make the Caucasus the
Russian spirit and legal institutions, Golovin began
gradually local features, and at the end of his
Administration Region tried to combine central
traditions with peripheral. His transformations were
appraised only after Evgeniy Aleksandrovich had left
Transcaucasia. For instance, in Tiflis they started
building more European-style constructions on
wastelands, erected causeways, pavements and pools
with clean mountain water. With its extraordinary
combination of the East and the West Tiflis turned into
one of the most interesting and largest cities of Russia.
As a truly Russian nobleman, General Golovin liked
living luxuriously, openly and hospitably. The best
representatives of the local society were welcomed in
his house in a warm-hearted and friendly manner,
which caused an unconscious sensation of gratitude
and left a favourable impression. Preliminary analysis
of activity of E.A. Golovin in Transcaucasia gives no
grounds for assessments which are extremely negative
or idealise the Chief Executive. Yet E.A. Golovin
managed to be remembered as a reformer and
facilitator of Transcaucasia whose numerous initiatives
were developed by his successors: M. S. Vorontsov,
A. I. Baryatinskiy, Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich
and others
During the whole history of the Russian Imperial
Army the unchanging principles of its education were
moral and physical power, development of the mind
and volition. On these principles the Russian Army
grew. The formation of the theory and practice of
education in the Russian army was directly connected
with names of famous military leaders because good
training troops led to a successful execution of combat
missions. So, for example, the name of A. V. Suvorov
and his «The Science of Victory», the work which the
Field Marshal presented his original system of views
on ways to combat, training and educating soldiers are
well known. But at the same time, many other military
leaders have contributed to this hard work for the
benefit of the Russian army. In this article we focus
on coverage of the military pedagogic views and
activity of the military historian, writer, lieutenant
general V. A. Potto. The article details the pedagogical
approaches V. A. Potto’s to moral education of the
future officers and the opinion of general to
educational process at the military school, which
focuses mainly on the training of the Cossacks
The phenomenon of the special relationship in BritishAmerican
politics of the second part of the XX century
also received intensive development in the early XXI
century. In fact, according to conditions of modern
processes of globalization, cooperation between the
United States and Great Britain, as within framework
of NATO and in other international organizations,
became increasingly close. Both States played a
significant role in the international policy, working on
various issues of economy, politics, environment,
culture, etc. Attention is drawn to the forms of
cooperation between the studied States in the
implementation of military initiatives in the Balkans
(1998) and Iraq (2003). These events allowed
characterizing the first and final stages of the
development of relations between the United States
and Britain in the form of «special» in the period of
late XX – early XXI centuries. In the beginning of
XXI century the cooperation between the U.S. and the
UK in reforming NATO, taking into account national
foreign policy strategy of the USA, was an example of
favorable development of bilateral “special
relationship”. For London, the following external
course of the US has remained a higher priority than
for Washington
Current processes in socio-economic life of our
state make contact to the historical experience
accumulated by Russia for centuries. The rapid
development of the state, modernization of all
spheres of public life at the beginning of XXth
century still interfaced with a mass of adverse
events, balking a dynamic development of the
state. In the Siberian upcountry the situation was
exacerbated by a number of “chronic” issues such
as a high percentage of the exiles among the local
society, the total corruption of the bureaucracy, etc.
The article deals with the socio-economic status of
the Yenisei province in the early twentieth century.
Analysing the state of agriculture and individual
industries, existing in the region, it identifies the
challenges that they faced. The author cites some
quantitative characteristics that reveal the real state
of affairs in such crucial sectors of the economy
such as agriculture, animal husbandry. Moreover,
the article marks issues concerning carrier’s trade
and other specific crafts. As a research source was
taken the information provided by the “Siberian
observer” magazine – the edition, which bore
clearly oppositional character and did not have the
goal to put the best face forward the existing
situation in the region, and consequently – the
actions of the local authorities
Social Sciences and Humanities
In developed and developing countries around the
world, social security is beginning to gain a more important
role, directly or indirectly affecting one of any
economy priorities - maintaining and increasing the
welfare of society. At the same time, constantly evolving
and developing economic processes derive the task
of the social security system regulating on a more
complex level. There is a need for constant optimization
and bringing the above-mentioned mechanism to
such a state that would be able to meet modern criteria.
The provided by the state and non-state pension institutes
system acts as a basic element of social security
whose responsibility area is to create a comfortable
financial situation of old age people. Today the effectiveness
of the non-state provision system and private
pension funds lends itself to wide criticism that entails
the actualization and possible rethinking of the existing
theoretical framework. This article describes the theoretical
aspects of the private pension funds essence.
Here is the systematization of the many approaches to
the definition of the investigated institute. In addition,
the authors identify a number of private pension funds
features and functions. The article gives the authors
understanding of the private pension funds essence
The article reviews food security issues of Russia
under foreign sanctions and the state of food products
production and consumption in the Russian
Federation. Food security is considered as a major
factor of political and socio-economic stability of any
country, with Russia a no exception. However, it has
become one of the largest net food importers, chiefly
due to its agrarian sector weakness. The present paper
discusses major challenges of the agricultural industry
and necessary conditions for import substitution, gives
a definition to food security and analyzes Russian food
security in the terms of crisis. The authors assess
prospects for import substitution by domestic goods,
examine regional food production sectors and define
food-sufficiency level of the Russian population.
The article consequently infers that successful import
substitution rather than a redistribution of significant
import flows of agricultural products between
exporting countries requires a relatively long period,
which constitutes more than one or two years.
It is revealed, that Russian domestic production level
is insufficient for provisioning its population, which is
the main cause of the country importing necessary
amount of food from abroad. According to medical
norms, in spite of the positive consumption dynamics
of basic food products, the population does not receive
a significant amount of animal protein, vegetables and
fruit, and in a number of cases, the quality of food is
extremely low. In the article production of basic food
products, as well as average daily household food
rations per capita in terms of their energy and protein
value are subjected to analysis. Moreover, the article
gives an estimate to the Russian food import rates. It
studies the annual consumption of basic food products,
the dynamics of household expenditures share on food
and the number of Russian population whose incomes
are below the subsistence minimum
The cooperation and agroindustrial integration
development are important directions of agrofood
market growth. The article deals with the economic
benefits of cooperation and agroindustrial
integration, the cooperation system and forms in
agroindustrial complex, the creation principles
and economic efficiency of cooperatives
In the given article methodical bases of the analysis
and an estimation of a financial condition of agrarian
formations are considered, the revealed lacks of a
traditional technique of the analysis of a financial
condition of the agricultural organizations are
presented. Imperfection of the technique leads to
inexact estimations of liquidity of turnaround actives,
the balance sheet, financial stability, sources of
financing which can be the factor of acceptance of
irrational administrative decisions in use of financial
resources. The technique of a rating estimation of a
financial condition of the agricultural organization is
approved. Directions of strengthening of a financial
condition of the agrofirm are proved
Under modern conditions of functioning of the agrarian
sector of Russian economy, which are described
with the need to increase the output of the agricultural
production in order to ensure import substitution and
food safety, it is necessary to analyze the state of the
agricultural economy of the regions of the country and
the prospects of its development on the innovative
basis. To solve the problems faced by the Kuban
farmers the comprehensive long-term anti-crisis program
of the sustainable development of the agrarian
sector of the economy of the region is being developed.
It is revealed that the high potential of the increasing
output and the economic efficiency growth in
the industry is built into the production concentration
and the formation of large agricultural holding companies,
where agricultural production, processing and
sales of products are combined. The necessity of the
creation of the "Special program of small agribusiness
development" is mentioned. Relying on foreign experience
and the experience of the unique enterprise
"Konitek-South" Ltd., involved in the purchase of the
agricultural products from farmers and the public, and
selling it in dozens of Russian regions, the authors
propose the optimal variant of the wholesale markets
organization. The need to strengthen the government
role in the further development and reforming of the
agrarian sector of the economy, in the regulation of the
agricultural wholesale markets and in the small business
development, in the improvement of its competitiveness
and investment attractiveness is emphasized
Current horticulture is a complex system of fruit crops
cultivation based on the integrated using of material,
labor, natural and financial resources. Horticulture is
an important part of agriculture because of the high
nutritional value of its products. The fruits are used
fresh and as raw material for canning, wine and other
industries. Modern methods of processing and freezing
of products are making possible to save its nutritional
value and extend the period of consumption. The main
problem of the horticultural industry is providing the
population with fresh, high quality fruits and products
of their processing. Horticulture is in a state of dynamic
changes associated with the economic situation in
the region. The authors assessed the current status of
horticulture in the Republic of Tajikistan, revealed the
problems in the functioning of the industry in the current
economic conditions. As a result of scientific investigation
the authors have proved the impact of the
financial-credit, tax, price factors, level of competition,
investment policy. The authors identified promising
directions of improving the efficiency of horticulture
and found the advantages of intensive technology
of fruit crops cultivation. The implementation of these
arrangements will help to ensure the country's food
security and agricultural development
The article examines the characteristics and the efficiency
of modern organizational and economic mechanisms
of the spread of high-tech technologies and products of
double application, identifying the most promising areas
of improvement and progressive development, is determined
by their role in attracting additional funding for
national and international innovative projects and programs
Information of the world and national economies
significantly alter the role and importance of expertise
in enterprise activity. Expert evaluation of the quality
of modern innovative software products is playing an
increasingly important role in the justification of
management decisions with their use. That is why the
expert function is one of the most important and
recognized not only in science but also in the practical
production and business operations of many
businesses. The article shows the possibility of
adapting method unit testing as a tool for peer
evaluation of the quality level of the development of
innovative software products. The article covers
application of criteria for coverage decisions and
conditions, as well as a criterion of combinatorial
coverage for the most complete set of tests and
accurate expert assessments. The substantiation of the
existence and validity of the use of the method of unit
testing capabilities for expert assessments of
innovative software products was also given. We have described the sequence of process of peer review for
incremental (step by step), and non-incremental
approach to testing of modern innovative software
products, as well as identifying their strengths and
weaknesses. It is concluded that the incremental
approach is preferable to use the method of unit testing
for the expert assessments of projects and programs for
the creation of innovative products, services and
technologies
In modern conditions, housing and communal services,
on the one hand, the urgent need of carrying out a
comprehensive mo-modernization of the entire infrastructure,
and on the other hand, with the intensification
of the implementation of innovations manufacturing
techniques, it can be one of the points of sustainable
growth and development of domestic economic.
These circumstances determine the relevance scope of
this article. The article identifies the main control
housing and communal services – housing fund as well
as the composition of the institutional agents carrying
out its operation. It was found that the current management
practice does not meet the requirements of the
market and fundamentally change the conditions of financial
and economic activities of its institutional
agents, and the results of ongoing reforms in this area cannot be considered satisfactory. We defined targets
development of innovative potential of housing and
communal services, and its compliance with the investment
activity of its institutional agents. We revealed
the most significant changes, which should be
based on the innovative vector of development of this
sphere. We substantiated composition of quantitative
and qualitative indicators of the system for conformity
assessment of the innovative capacity of the sphere of
housing and communal services of the investment activity
of its institutional agents. The article substantiates
the need to develop science-based concept of innovative
development and comprehensive modernization
of the infrastructure of housing and communal
services and the feasibility of pilot innovative projects.
It is concluded that the successful implementation of
pilot innovative projects can become the starting point
for turning the sphere of housing-communal services,
but one of the stable points of growth of the domestic
economy
Assessment of activity of process, in the first instance
– this is a set operations the selection nomenclature of
exponents and their definition of values and their
comparison with basic exponents. Relating to scientific
institute performance evaluation of the scientific and
technical activities – this is definition of qualitative
criteria evaluation of this activities, their quantitative
reflection, as also relative assessment of their
dynamics. In article considered questions assessment
of scientific and technical and innovative activity in
relation to branch of fruit growing, and, in fact, to the
branch level of system of innovative activity in agroindustrial
complex of the region. Groups and criteria of
estimated indicators of activity of the subject of
scientific and technical activity are defined: indicators
of production potential, knowledge base, research shots
and instrument base. Expediency of formation of
innovative processes on the basis of branch subjects of
scientific and technical activity is proved. As the main
subject of scientific and technical activity of the branch
of fruit growing of the agro-industrial complex of
Krasnodar territory we defined the scientifically
research establishment North Caucasian zone research
institute of gardening and wine growing. The detailed
analysis and assessment of scientific and technical and
innovative activities of scientific institution North
Caucasian zone research institute of gardening and
wine growing for groups and criteria of estimated
indicators is submitted. It is revealed that the provided
analysis and an assessment of productivity of
innovative activity isn't sufficient and demands
addition with the assessment indicators displaying
process of transformation of scientific potential in
effect – a scientific and technical product
The article is devoted to solving such a topical issue as a
stimulating of rural territories and commodity production
development in the small forms of management in
Krasnodar region. The work states, that despite the
existence of the different forms of the state support
programs for native farmers, any significant positive
shifts in development of rural areas, standard of living of
the rural population are still not observed. The basis of
the author offers is the rationale for a series of
institutional reforms, namely a review of the nature and
forms of cooperation between regional and local
authorities with small forms of management. An
expediency of the formation of the municipal consumer
cooperatives based on municipal and mixed ownership
was also explained. As a basis for the arguments, the
authors have used the ideas of the founder of
institutionalism Thorsten Veblen. He wrote in his works,
that evolution is accompanied by institutional changes
by selecting and consolidation of the forms of behavior
which are most conducive to the survival and prosperity
of the entire community , and social evolution is nothing
else than a process of selection and adaptation of the
ways of thinking under the influence of the
circumstances of people living together. Adaptation of
the ways of thinking is the development of the institutes.
These provisions reflect the expediency of forming of
additional and relevant institutions, contributing to
improve the quality of regional management of rural territories development
The article is dedicated to solving such an important
state task as improving the employment rate level of
people with disabilities in the Krasnodar region. The
promising areas of governmental support of
employable disabled people at the regional level were
reflected in the article, and the socio-economic
significance of proposals, presented by the author, was
considered. As an object of this study, the modern
conditions of functioning and factors, influencing the
activity of employable disabled people were
considered. The subject of study is a set of
organizational and economic relations, which
characterize a governmental support of disabled
people in the Krasnodar region. Nowadays the federal
and regional targeted programs for social integration
of the persons with disabilities and for their support at
the labor market of Russian Federation are being
worked out, rehabilitation and professional
development centers are being created. The more
attention is being paid to the issues of disabled
people's social rehabilitation and their involvement of
labor at the different levels of authorities, which
determines the relevance of the research topic. A
number of provisions in the article, such as a rationale
of the extra forms of disabled people's governmental
support formation, has a scientific novelty
The study does a comprehensive analysis of the milk
market in Russia and Krasnodar territory under conditions
of a food embargo; defines the influence of the
food embargo on the possibility of import substitution
of milk and dairy products , and does an assessment
of factors affecting the increase in the efficiency and
competitiveness of the dairy sector, including the
quality characteristics of the products, the possibilities
of using natural milk substitutes, the environmental
safety of raw milk. The study gives the estimation of
milk self-sufficiency in Russia and identifies the opportunities
to compensate for the missing volume.
There has been done a comparative analysis of the
subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of development
indexes in the industry of dairy cattle breeding
in the agricultural organizations, which found competitive
advantages of Leningrad Region in milk yield
per cow and Vologda region in feed conversion.
The study reveals poorly equipped genetic testing laboratories
and animal breeding quality control of milk
in most regions of the Russian Federation . It states
that the economic crisis in Russia has caused acceleration
of inflation and a rise in prices for milk and dairy
products in the consumer market; the purchasing power
of incomes of the population (commercial equivalent
- drinking milk) has declined. In order to develop
the milk market and the implementation of policies of
import substitution it is necessary to improve the system
of state regulation of the agrarian sector, including
the creation of favorable conditions for the development
of public-private partnership, ensuring the
availability of credit resources, the adaptation of the
regulatory framework governing the market relations
in the agrarian sector, support for high-performance
production sites, as well as the implementation of the
policy of agricultural protectionism.
The article reviews financial and other criteria indicators,
related to the production of small agricultural
farms. Our law establishes that the annual turnover
for micro-entity shall not exceed the amount of 60
million rubles, or USD 755.6 thousands at the current
exchange rate (which at 20.01.2016 is 79.41
rubles/USD). For the category of small businesses,
the ceiling of the cash proceeds must be in the range
of 60 to 400 million rubles (in dollar terms from
USD 0.756 to USD 5.037 million). Respectively for
the medium enterprises criteria, revenue must be
from 400 million to 1 billion rubles, or USD 5.037
and USD 12.259 million). The size of the business
over 1 billion rubles should be classified as Large
Businesses. According to the Federal law No. 209
financial data levels must be adjusted after five years
of operations. All commercial organizations with less
than 15 employees/ (inclusive) are classified as Micro
Enterprises, and with 16 to 100 employees – to
the category Small Enterprises. /Accordingly, medium-sized
enterprises are organizations with 101 to
250 employees. Today, it is noted that in World’s
practice, the criterion for the classification of enterprises
to the relevant category is defined not by generated
financial flows and assets of the enterprise,
but by simple employ. In our practice, simultaneous
consideration of the number of employees, annual
receipts, number of livestock, and area of agricultural
land make it possible to analyze dynamics of productivity
using small agricultural farms, management
decisions on investment expediency of innovations,
improvement of production technologies, and infrastructure
of product realization
This article is devoted to the practical application
of economic-mathematical methods (based on correlation
analysis) to control the economic parameters
of the integrated production systems sugar
subcomplex (IPS SS) AIC oriented to meet the
needs in the sugar production of the population not
only of individuals, but also of the regions and the
country as a whole. This article discusses and
solves the following tasks: autocorrelation and
partial autocorrelation functions, cross-correlation
function (correlation matrix) study of deciduous
macroeconomics series, with appropriate verification
(test) Durbin - Watson. The study used Statistica,
MS Excel and Xlstat add-in. The work describes
experiments with various kinds of nonstationary
time series of the agricultural sector and
food industry sugar subcomplex, as well as the test
results on the difficulty of communication between
them. We have identified industry-high cycles. The
article presents results of numerical experiments
autocorrelation of the time series of sugar production,
acreage, gross harvest and yield of sugar beet
and sugar cane, by country. Systematically, we
describe ideas and methods underlying the correlation
analysis. We have given the evaluation of the
results of correlation analysis on each type. Further,
it can be assumed that the proposed techniques
will greatly affect a key points when making
recommendations for new models of production
of sugar products, market-oriented – this will
minimize the time and cost of the finished product
that will make a more stable position in the sector
for this integrated production system in relation to
its competition
This article is devoted to the practical application
of economic-mathematical methods (based on correlation
analysis) to control the economic parameters
of the integrated production systems sugar
subcomplex (IPS SS) AIC oriented to meet the
needs in the sugar production of the population not
only of individuals, but also of the regions and the
country as a whole. This article discusses and
solves the following tasks: autocorrelation and
partial autocorrelation functions, cross-correlation
function (correlation matrix) study of deciduous
macroeconomics series, with appropriate verification
(test) Durbin - Watson. The study used Statistica,
MS Excel and Xlstat add-in. The work describes
experiments with various kinds of nonstationary
time series of the agricultural sector and
food industry sugar subcomplex, as well as the test
results on the difficulty of communication between
them. We have identified industry-high cycles. The
article presents results of numerical experiments
autocorrelation of the time series of sugar production,
acreage, gross harvest and yield of sugar beet
and sugar cane, by country. Systematically, we
describe ideas and methods underlying the correlation
analysis. We have given the evaluation of the
results of correlation analysis on each type. Further,
it can be assumed that the proposed techniques
will greatly affect a key points when making
recommendations for new models of production
of sugar products, market-oriented – this will
minimize the time and cost of the finished product
that will make a more stable position in the sector
for this integrated production system in relation to
its competition
Objective: To improve the consistency and effectiveness
of strategic planning and forecasting in
modern conditions it requires development of the
existing classifications of types of planning, strategies,
forecasts and forecast methods. This study examines
the introduction to problems of spectral
analysis of the macroeconomic dynamics of key
world and Russian sugar subcomplex. The article is
devoted to forecasting the activities of integrated
manufacturing systems of sugar subcomplex in agro
industrial subcomplex. As well as to the practical
application of economic-mathematical methods
(based on spectral analysis) to control the economic
parameters of the integrated industrial systems of the
sugar subcomplex, oriented to meet the needs of the
sugar production of the population not only of individuals,
but of the regions and the country as a
whole. Discussion: Procedures to identify and study
the dynamics of periodic components of the development
of the agriculture segment agriculture are
based on methods of spectral analysis of random
processes. The article describes the performed experiments
with various kinds of non-stationary time
series of agricultural sector and food industry sugar
subcomplex. The article presents results of numerical
experiments with the spectra of time series of
sugar production, sown areas, gross harvest and
yield of sugar beet and sugar cane country. Systematic
ideas and methods underlying the spectral analysis
were shown. The article also assesses the results.
Results: The algorithm developed by the author
for the adaptive method of spectral analysis was
implemented by the author in the context of a specific
software product, namely in MS Excel format.
The results of the empirical research confirmed the
possibility of practical use of developed models in
forecasting likely scenarios for the development of
sugar sub-complex in the interests of integrated production
systems. The results are illustrated by numerous
graphs based on real data. We have also
built projection of latent structures of sugar subcomplex in the macroregions. It is revealed that each of
the macroeconomic time series can contain at least
from 2 to 9 harmonics (cycles) of different kind and
strength of impact on the trend
Objective: To improve the consistency and effectiveness
of strategic planning and forecasting in
modern conditions it requires development of the
existing classifications of types of planning, strategies,
forecasts and forecast methods. This study examines
the introduction to problems of spectral
analysis of the macroeconomic dynamics of key
world and Russian sugar subcomplex. The article is
devoted to forecasting the activities of integrated
manufacturing systems of sugar subcomplex in agro
industrial subcomplex. As well as to the practical
application of economic-mathematical methods
(based on spectral analysis) to control the economic
parameters of the integrated industrial systems of the
sugar subcomplex, oriented to meet the needs of the
sugar production of the population not only of individuals,
but of the regions and the country as a
whole. Discussion: Procedures to identify and study
the dynamics of periodic components of the development
of the agriculture segment agriculture are
based on methods of spectral analysis of random
processes. The article describes the performed experiments
with various kinds of non-stationary time
series of agricultural sector and food industry sugar
sub-complex. The article presents results of numerical
experiments with the spectra of time series of
sugar production, sown areas, gross harvest and
yield of sugar beet and sugar cane country. Systematic
ideas and methods underlying the spectral analysis
were shown. The article also assesses the results.
Results: The algorithm developed by the author
for the adaptive method of spectral analysis was
implemented by the author in the context of a specific
software product, namely in MS Excel format.
The results of the empirical research confirmed the
possibility of practical use of developed models in
forecasting likely scenarios for the development of
sugar sub-complex in the interests of integrated production
systems. The results are illustrated by numerous
graphs based on real data. We have also
built projection of latent structures of sugar subcomplex in the macroregions. It is revealed that each of
the macroeconomic time series can contain at least
from 2 to 9 harmonics (cycles) of different kind and
strength of impact on the trend
The article presents results of developing the template
architecture for an enterprise of public catering. As a
prototype for the template, we have selected the
restaurant called Phoenix. The development pattern of
architecture was based on the typical features of public
catering establishments described in the business
model. The main results of the study are: generalized
business model, built on the method developed by A.
Osterwalder, graphical layout of business processes,
implemented in the tool environment, All Fusion
Process Modeler (BPWin) and developed models of
decomposition of business processes, model business
event, the location of the model functions, integration
model, models, data architecture, class diagram,
application portfolio and technology infrastructure.
The architecture of a company of public catering may
serve as a template for other businesses whose
business model matches the business model of the
research object. We have developed a tree of
objectives and functions, the model of the enterprise,
the data architecture, technology infrastructure and
application portfolio are typical for the industry. The
results of the study have practical value and can be
used by the industry as at the design stage and
improvement
The article presents the basic concepts, classification
of SCM systems and the field of application of this
management technology. The analysis of the
international and Russian market SCM-systems,
allowed us to choose the five most popular
alternative information systems of this class. For the
procedure of selection of the information system have
been developed criteria, oriented to the demands of
corporate integrated structures. For each criterion
there was determined a value coefficient. This stage
of research was carried out with the involvement of
heads of corporate integrated structures, experts in
the field of it and scientists of Kuban state agrarian
University. As a result of the assessment, we have
chosen an information system called "SAP SCM
EWM" with the highest number of points. The study
of the functional information system was carried out
by building a complex chart of precedents (the
modeling language UML, tool Microsoft Visual
Studio 2012). Generalization of experience of
consulting and analytical companies allowed to
allocate the main stages of implementation for SCM
systems and to develop recommendations for their
implementation. The study has practical value for the
integrated corporate structures from the standpoint of
managerial decision-making of choosing an
information system of type SCM and introducing it
into their operations
Rural tourism is not only one of the integral and most
popular type of tourism. It also promotes sustainable
development of rural areas and tourist industry due to
its peculiar features and combination of various
activities. Thus, complexity of “rural tourism” notion
requires comprehensive management approach based
on sustainable development principles. The article
deals with the essence and schemes of sustainable
development as a whole and sustainable tourism
development in particular. From this point of view, the
author analyses the role of tourism in sustainable rural
development as well as the main aspects of sustainable
development of rural tourism. The author offers
grouping of functions of rural tourism in sustainable
development conception implementation by the
targeted object – rural areas and tourist industry
Finances of companies take leading position in the system
of social reproduction and it is a foundation of the
effective business functioning. In the article the position
of the finance of the companies for the government is
stated, so to say the formation of the budget, provision
the constant production, the satisfaction of people’s
needs. In this article, the financial relationships of the
participants are presented, moreover, the basic functions
of finance are observed such as distributive, controlling,
regulative and providing. The principal directions of the
financial resources use are stated: the monetary expends
for production and realization, governmental and trust
payments, supplying social educational funds. In this
article, the economical and organizational aspects of financial
part of the companies are observed such as: kinds
and forms of company payments, the management of the
budget, the calculation of the financial statistics, etc. For
the more accurate understanding, the statistics of the
index is analyzed: the average month salary of the employees
of the companies in a particular district of the
Russian Federation, the dynamics of the loan debts of
companies in Russia, the number of detrimental companies
and the sums of losses. According to the analysis,
the most and the lean salary attractive regions of the
Russian Federation are defined, moreover, the factors
determining these positions are stated. In addition, it is
observed, that the leaders of companies are to possess
some particular skills of financial management, organization
of finance-planning and should constantly estimate
the financial part of the work and the abilities of the
company, referring to the efficiency, payment abilities,
financial stability, liquidity and the possibility of bankruptcy
At the regional level, clusters are considered as balanced
mechanism policy of innovative development
of the area, are favorable conditions for the effective
cooperation of regional actors and institutions of science,
government and business, the development of
various forms of public-private partnerships in the
area of innovation. The article reveals the problems
that currently limit the establishment and development
of clusters in Russia. Considered the clusters
that already exist in Russia around key industry sectors
and selected Russian cities with a high concentration
of activities in the field of research and development
in certain areas, and clusters, the creation of
which is planned in the near future. The classification
of these clusters according to the patterns of development,
geography, directions and purposes of creation
was given. The directions of development of
cluster policy enshrined in the concept of long-term
innovative development of the Russian Federation for
the period up to 2020 were defined. We focus on the
creation and development of cluster structures in the
agricultural sector in the Krasnodar region. In this
connection, the article reflects the main factors contributing
to the creation of a cluster and measures to
be taken by the state for its successful functioning
Relevance of the subject presented in article locates
that investments – one of the most important factors of
realization of strategic and tactical problems of development
and effective activity of municipality. Attraction
of investments allows to raise socio-economic
indexes, to improve quality of life, and also to increase
competitiveness of an economic entity. Besides the
solution of specific objectives of each investment project,
investment provide business expansion, employment
of the population and replenishment of the local
budget. In article were revealed the factors which
forming investment appeal of the Krymsk region of
Krasnodar territory, analysed the national program of
support of investment projects existing since 2007,
given the assessment of dynamics of production of
goods and services, presented the rating of city districts
and municipal regions of edge on growth rates of
the main economic indicators. The approved and realized
investment projects and investment platforms of
the Krymsk region for 2015 are also considered, three
priority projects accepted within the eighth international
forum "Sochi-2014" are in details analysed.
Priority branches for implementation of investment
activity, namely: agriculture, industry, transport and
communication which will provide further economic
development of the territory, were revealed by results
of the analysis
The article substantiates the necessity of drawing up
competent accounting policies in the field of inventory,
to ensure the internal control in the legal entity. We
explore the impact of accounting policies for the
recognition and measurement of inventories on the
financial reporting and suggest measures to reduce the
distortion of information that serves as the basis for
management decisions
The increase in volume of processed data and the rapid
development of environmental monitoring, modeling,
forecasting, analysis, visualization, prediction in
modern conditions is connected with the consistent
increase in their level of formalization. The bases for
all this are requirements of significantly changed
stochastics natural and economic processes. A new
method of nonlinear dynamics, namely the method of
sequential R/S-analysis is proposed. In the article, the
authors paid attention to the method of fractal analysis
of time series. The founder of fractal analysis is a
British hydrologist H.E Hurst. He showed that natural
phenomena such as river flows, rainfall, temperature,
solar activity is followed by «biased random walk»,
i.e. trend with noise. The noise level and trend
resistance are estimated in change in the normalized
amplitude levels of the time series for the expiration
time, or, in other words, how they entered a quantity
called the Hurst exponent exceeds the value of 0.5.
Rather essential information is a cyclical component to
forecast. Thus, there is a need for further study of
natural and economic processes based on the new
mathematical models. These methods bring to forecast
new useful methodological elements that are not in
continuous methodology, concepts such as «noise
color» persistence and anti-persistent series, Hurst,
«long-term memory», R/S-trajectory and the trajectory
of the Hurst exponent, etc.
It is noted that the grain commodity market is the
basis of the Russian agro-industrial complex. Earlier
the state support was about $4 billion, in 2016 it is
expected to reach 237 billion rubles (less than $3
billion). Russia's accession to the WTO brought its
farmers more minuses than pluses, less regulation
opportunities, protection of the market. The urgency
of improving the development methodology, development
of practical recommendations for the decision
of efficiency enhancing of the grain market,
increased due to the globalization of socio-economic
processes in the world. Over the last 5 years in the
Krasnodar region state support of agro-industrial
complex amounted to 32 billion rubles ($0.4 billion),
or 1 664 rub/ha ($20/ha) in 2014. Today, once again
the growth of prices for supply of industrial resources
has overcome the growth of prices for production
of agriculture products that seriously has
limited the development of the agro industry. The
authors consider that the success of the grain industry
depends on combination of the following factors:
1) modern equipment and technology; 2) qualified
professionals; 3) state financial support; 4) reasonable
credit resources. Now nobody needs production
at any cost, it necessary to lower the cost of grain, to
get the maximum profit and invest it in modernization
of the enterprise. To increase productivity, to
produce more at a less cost. For producers of grain
it's time to invest in the development of their own
livestock, or they will be late for this growing market. This vector of development will improve the
stability of the grain business and the accompanying
livestock, will reduce the seasonal dependence of
financial flows, reduce unit costs, increase profitability,
competitiveness, expand business, create new
jobs, increase the number of its buyers
The main direction of the development of crops in
the current year and the next year, according to the
authors, still remains the further development of the
production. The producers of rice should work to
find new efficient rice varieties, to diversify the
range of finished products, to realize the possibilities
of import-substitution. These data show a rather dynamic
development of the grain production in the
Krasnodar region, indicate sufficient potential development
opportunities of scientific and technological
progress, new technologies and systems of machines
for the production of grain. An important component
of the Russian grain market in the last decade is the
factor of grain export. The weakening of the ruble
has made foreign trade in grain a very profitable
business and in this sector there are new investors
who began selling the products abroad, which caused
a sharp increase in domestic prices, therefore, from 1
July 2015 new restrictive export duties on grain were
introduced. The measure was introduced to increase
the attractiveness of the wheat supply to the domestic
market and for price controls. A significant growth
of exports of wheat flour and wheat-rye (an increase
in supply volume in 6 times and in monetary terms in
9.9 times) should be noted as a positive factor for the
diversification and growth in the number of technological
conversions of the raw materials. Grains today
are exported to over 50 countries; we are in the
top 5 of largest grain exporters. The analysis of imports
of grain shows that the structure of food import
in 2014 was 1,22%, and it was mainly seed corn.
Much of this imported position was implemented in
other regions of our country
Social Sciences and Humanities
In the focus of the article we have the philosophical
concept of the outstanding scientist and social activist
V.M. Behterev, which is considered as philosophical
realism. Philosophical realism is a trend of Russian
intellectual thought. It aims to study the nature and the
man is substantial part of which. In this way, the
realism is based on the anthropological tradition.
Realistic ideology, which is developed by scientists,
indicates the comprehension of the relationship of
material and ideal in nature. To designate such
connection the author proposes the concept of
"philosophical conversion". Behterev's theory is
positioned as a particular expression of philosophical
realism in nature science, and it is termed by
"evolutionary monism". It means a correlative
connection of a total processes in nature. By analyzing
the philosophical views of the scientist, the author
concludes that psychic energy appears as a correlate of
material and ideal and it is intermediated by humans.
Psychic energy like other forms of energy is never
destroyed and provides a social immortality of the
man. The accumulation of mental energy leads to the
creation of higher moral being named «progenerativ».
The realistic concept of Behterev is interesting both a
historical point of view and in the context of
contemporary interdisciplinary efforts to comprehend
the "second reality" of man, namely a virtual reality
In this article, we are talking about language mentality
of youth. The problem is multifaceted and allows the
researcher to see different aspects of the interaction of
language and mentality, and also their actions in unity.
Mentality of young people is largely determined by
social conditions, which is expressed in language
features. Language, in turn, has some formative
influence on the socialization process of the youth
mentality. Philosophers, psychologists, linguists,
historians examine various aspects of interaction of
mentality and language, relations between language
and thought, language and history, language and
national culture, language and learning, language and
humor, etc. In this article, exploring the mentality of
the youth system, we distinguish among them
language. The goal is to show features of youth
language mentality as a way of perceiving the world,
to determine levels (degrees) of functioning mentality
as a language picture of the world, to identify the
factors of formation of individual linguistic mentality
of the individual and the social environment
Social Sciences and Humanities
It is proved, that national and cultural semantics exists
on all language levels. Functioning of phraseological
units is in the framework of fiction is described.
Classification of phraseological units with cultural
identity is represented
Idiostyle is considered as a system of informative and
formal linguistic characteristics. Approaches to the
study of idiostyle are denoted. There are discriminated
actual means of text-forming actualized in the definite
product of speech (markers) that attract a reader’s and
a researcher’s attention with their singularity. There
are described techniques and constructions of the
syntax of postmodernist discourse
This article is devoted to communicative and
pragmatical importance of the speech act of
disagreement and means of its expression.
Importance of communication increases in the modern
world because of improvement of informational
technologies and expansion of borders of
communicative space. Therefore, the research of
features of communication ceased to have applied
character and got to the area of studying of many
sciences and linguistics. Research of expression of
semantic category of disagreement is actual for
modern linguistics and is because the integrated
approach to the analysis of essence of concept of
disagreement for the purpose of its adequate
description of system and functional properties is
necessary. The dialogical unities containing reciprocal
remarks of disagreement are the object of the research.
The object of the research is the features of
disagreement, which are shown at the lexical and
grammatical levels of any language and in some
spheres of communication. The purpose of this work
is to express the act of disagreement from the point of
view of semantical and syntactical importance, to
consider basic lexical means, both verbally and
nonverbally. However, it is noted, that the problem of
use of nonverbal means for expression of
disagreement demands special studying
The article discusses the results of the pragmalinguistic
experiment. Since language game is a result of
speech creative work, which manifests the individuality
of a linguistic personality, the politician can intentionally
use language game and thereby consciously
form his attractive image. The politician, who uses
different kinds of language game, makes some personal
characteristics building up the portrait aspect of
effective political image more distinguished and thus
affects the election decision of the voter. It has been
studied whether language game influences such characteristics
as determination, insistence, persuasiveness,
emotionality, confidence, energy, sense of responsibility,
dedication, trustworthiness, honesty, a
certain hardness, decisiveness, autonomy, adherence
to principles and assertiveness. It has been concluded
that language game influences 11 of the 15 characteristics,
this fact confirms the hypothesis
Legislative definitions in the sphere of organic
production in the Krasnodar region and European
Union are analyzed in the article. The definitions of
“organic production” made by foreign and Russian
researchers are given. The term “genetically modified
organism” was described according to the point of
view of comparative law. The aims of comparative law
in their practical use are depicted. In the final part of
this article approaches to the solving of the problem
are analyzed
The article discusses the specific character of the
representation of the concept “Wall” in the Russian
and German linguistic fields. The peculiarities of the
historical development, the different world views and
world interpretation, the fundamental divergence of the
life philosophy of the Russians and Germans are
causes of the distinct fragments fixation of the
linguistic view of the world which have been realized
by the concept “Wall”. The global changes in social
and political life of the society generally may have an
effect on the lexico-phraseological language fund,
works of literature and also social and political essays.
The undertaken analysis of the mentioned
phraseological units and certain texts has revealed the
national specifics of the of the concept “Wall”
realization in the national linguistic cultures. It made
possible to draw a conclusion from polar connotation
of the concept under consideration in Russian and
German. In the opinion of the author the concept
“Wall” has been fixed in the Russian mind as a symbol
of the national unity and patriotism, confidence in the
future, safe defense. In German mind the concept
«Wall» arouses the negative associations which have
been caused by the concrete events in the German
history. In this context the analysis of the peculiarities
of the concept “Wall” linguistic realization is of
substantial interest. As a result of the undertaken
research, the author concludes the main reasons of the
semantic coincidences and also about their lacks in the
Russian and German linguistic cultures
The strategies of positive and negative presentation of
information in political newspaper communication are
considered in the article. The significatives that
perform political and ideological information are
identified and described. The strategies of positive and
negative presentation of information with the
description of the language means that constitute them
are shown through definite examples from newspaper
publications of Russia
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article is devoted to the assessment adverse effects of
Gusinoozerskaya GRES on the ecosystem of Lake
Gusinoe. It shows the dynamics of the ice regime of
Lakes Gusinoe near Gusinoozerskaya GRES. Is noted
that industrial pollution reduces the quality of the water
in the lake
Social Sciences and Humanities
In this research, we discuss promoting and rewarding of
civil servants. These methods represent system
stimulants that affect the needs and interests of the
public civil servant in order to induce him to
conscientiously carrying out their duties. It is concluded
that awarding and promotion are important parts of the
incentive scheme for civil servants, because they show
how faithfully and efficiently citizens do their job, and
these methods pave the way for this fellow citizen doing
their job perfectly. We must mention the material
benefits obtained by a civil servant usually in the form of
encouragement. It should be noted that in recent years
actively updated current legislation has been promoting
and rewarding measures that are established by different
public authorities, which gives law enforcers more
options in choosing the measures of rewarding and
encouraging, relevant to labor achievements of citizens.
The main legal source is the Law of 27 July 2004 N-79
"On State Civil Service of the Russian Federation,"[1]
which established an indicative list of awards and
rewards of public civil servant
The ongoing administrative reform in Russia has been
carried out with the help of modern technology and
human resources and it has a significant impact on the
staff of the civil service - civil servants. This article
presents the position of the Government of the Russian
Federation, according to which the establishment of
effective contract - one of the ways of development,
improve the remuneration system for civil servants,
public servants themselves assessment of this
innovation, presented the implementation of effective
regulatory framework contract is indicated by its
ideology. The factor affecting the wages of civil
servants is a performance indicator; the article lists its
views. In different departments, employee
performance is evaluated differently in the article
presents an assessment of the effectiveness of them.
The evaluation of the implementation of effective
contract Sergei Filatov, who served as President of the
socio-economic and intellectual programs and Dmitry
Abzalov - President of the Center for Strategic
Communications. Also there was shown the analysis
of public servants’ understanding, feasibility and
impact of introducing effective contract in the state
structures. We have proposed measures to address
misunderstandings of the reform civil servants. There
are findings as well as possible scenarios after the
establishment of effective contract
This article focuses on the economic activities of legal
entities as subjects of administrative responsibility.
The article considers the peculiarities of this type of
liability applicable to legal persons. The purpose of
this article is to study the legislative framework of this
institution, identifying the distinguishing features of
this type of liability. Despite an adequate regulation of
the legal status of the entity in various legal acts, there
are many debatable issues. This topic is relevant,
because now there is freedom of economic activity and
the institution of administrative responsibility
appeared relatively recently in our legislation. All this
creates an increasing number of offenses by
organizations whose actions impinge on the public
relations protected by the norms of administrative law.
The most debatable issue is the mental element of the
offence which guilt. We found that identifying guilt of
a legal entity with the guilt of individuals does not
seem appropriate. Guilt of a legal entity is of the
greatest interest. There are several theories concerning
this element subjective side. This article describes the
main provisions of the theories expressed by many
scientists in the field of administrative law. All the
above demonstrates the need for studies of this type of
legal responsibility and improving of the Institute of
administrative law
The authors of the article analyze the legal grounds of
free legal assistance marking the novels of legislation
regulated by the federal law “On free legal assistance
in the Russian Federation” and problems connected
with its realization. There were given the
characteristics of subjects of state and non-state
systems of free legal assistance in the article. The
special attention is paid to the specificity of the
activity of state and municipal agencies, legal clinics,
non-state centers of free legal assistance. The authors
consider the peculiarities of legislation of the subjects
of the Russian Federation setting the guarantee of
rights on getting of free legal assistance. The problems
of legal assistance under the presenting of citizens’
interests in arbitrary courts, problems of legal clinics
assistance quality, problems of legal provision of the
activity of municipal legal agencies are analyzed in the
article. Due to the practice of realization of legislation
in the Krasnodar region there were made the
conclusions on the reasonability of extending of the
list of citizens’ categories having the right for free
legal assistance and cases of such assistance, giving
the compulsory authority to the agreement on free
legal assistance; the introduction of the article on
municipal legal agencies into the Federal law; working
outs of standards of the activity of legal clinics and
systems of preparations to the legal assistance of
students and teachers
The present article is devoted to the institute of the
Parliament control in Russian Federation, its role and
importance in the structure of functions of the Parliament
of Russia. The authors of the article analyze the
different approaches to the notion of the Parliament
control in the theory of constitutional law, in federal
and regional legislation. The author’s definition of the
Parliament control is formulated. The focus on the
necessity of the clear setting of the present term in the
present legislation of the Russian Federation is made.
In the article there were reflected the ways of the Parliament
control, there were given their characteristics.
The authors state the key and secondary aims of the
Parliament control set in the federal law. In the article
there was given the characteristics of the principles of
the Parliament control set in the federal law. The authors
offer to extend the list of present principles of the
Parliament control with the aim of the deeper understanding
of its essence. The authors pay to the special
attention to the role and the importance of the institute
of the Parliament control in the Russian Federation, its
influence on the development of the legal civil society
in Russia. The special role of the Parliament as a representative
institution of the people expressed its role.
The assessment of the effectiveness of the execution of
the Parliament control by the Russian Parliament on
the modern stage of the country’s development is given.
The problems of the trends of the improvement of
the Parliament control are touched
The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal status
of institutions of the civil society owing the control
authorities concerning to the organs of state power.
We have analyzed the legislature, which is fixing
the bases of public control and practice of activity of
corresponding institutions of civil society; the authors
show the main problems of activity of subjects of
public control and give proposals on their solving because
it is necessary to increase the effectiveness of
execution of public control in the Russian Federation
The authors of the article analyze the nature and
significance of the search activities of the units engaged
in operational investigative activities. They consider
operational investigative activities as a complex system
of operational investigative actions including their
different types according to their subject and goals, the
problems solved and functional peculiarities as well as
the observing (limiting) the rights and freedom of the
participants of the activities. Depending on the specific
tasks an important part of the system of search operations
comprise those which provide detection, prevention and
investigation of crimes, detection of wanted persons and
objects of criminal assault, as well as operational support
of state coercion, appointed by court order . In the theory
of operational and investigative activities, they are
referred to as "reconnaissance actions", and they reveal
the essence of this type in general and search activity
(operational research) in particular. Thus, the authors
share the view expressed in the literature, according to
which the system of reconnaissance and search
operations carried out mainly behind the scenes and
using a particular service, means, methods and forms, is
the essence of operational and investigative activities
The article describes typical investigatory situations on
initial stage of the investigation, we have given the
peculiarities of the situations in crimes against the
family and the structure of the investigative action on
each of them
Social Sciences and Humanities
One of the factors for economic stabilization and
growth of the industrial production index is
appearing young high quality trained professionals in
prior areas of modernization and technological
development of the Russian economy. Every year
the state spends huge financial resources to ensure
the budget places for the Russian economy
demanded specialties and departments of
universities. However, as shown by monitoring
carried out at different levels, about 75% of
graduates are not able to integrate into the
production process for various reasons In connection
with the vector of strategies of modern education
reforms should be the creation of prerequisites and
conditions for the effectiveness of the system based
on a comprehensive implementation of innovative
mechanisms of organizational and economic activity
of educational institutions. As well as the reduction
and, in the future, complete elimination of the gap
between the needs of the economy to a qualitatively
trained staff and modern system of vocational
education. This article discusses issues related to the
conditions for the training of qualified personnel for
the regional economy in the current conditions, the
main ways of integration of young highly qualified
specialists in various industry sectors. This is
possible with the implementation mechanisms of
public-private partnerships in education, which
allows combining the interests of universities, large
and medium-sized businesses, and in the future
accession and small businesses. We determined
priority directions and synergistic interaction and the cluster approach to public policy, business and
university towards the restoration of the lost
positions "nurturing" human capacity for the relevant
quality criteria demands of employers, focused not
only on theoretical knowledge but also on practical
experience of the high school graduate
The article explains the model and software of
diagnostic support of the military professional
orientation of young officers formation, including four
structural units: target, steps, activity and estimation of
results
THEORETICAL GROUNDS TO FORM PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN ECONOMICS AT UNIVERSITY
Among other reasons restraining the renewal of
education, we can mention its evident irreciprocal and
disharmonious character, when instead of gaining the
complete social and cultural experience, students in
fact get only a part of it – its knowledge component.
Nowadays such an approach seems to be insufficient.
Our society needs graduates who are further capable of
making successful careers and taking various socially
meaningful activities. We need citizens who are ready
and able to cope with the challenges that they come
across in their lives and professional spheres. This sort
of ability owes much not only to the bulk of
knowledge and skills one can obtain, but to those extra
qualities and traits to define which we use the terms of
“competence” and “competency”. In some respect,
these terms are more appropriate to comprehend the
modern goals of education. With reference to various
approaches to defining the category of “professional
competence” and to the description of its structure and
contents, as well as on the grounds of the previously
depicted peculiarities of the specialist’s activities, we
have formed the concept of “professional competency
of a specialist in economics”. Under this term we
understand a complex integral entity comprising:
cognitive and activity constituents (implying
knowledge, abilities and skills developed well enough
to perform professional functions in accordance with
the norms and regulations of economic affairs), moral
and ethical constituents, motivational constituent, rich
cultural background, civil maturity and allegiance,
tolerance, skills of professional communication,
competitive ability, and – due to the dynamic character
of economic activities – demand for and ability of
continuous education
The work considers the method of sketches or visual
notes which plays a basic role in the development of
training courses. We have focused on the method of
sketches as "a variety of visual notes, consisting of
handwritten text, drawings, diagrams, figurative
elements". For immersion of the student into the
subject area or object of study, the visualization of the
material is an effective technique of knowledge.
Cognitive function is manifested through the ability to
know the object by the image and the further formation
of ideas about the structure of the material being
studied. It is noted, that visual methods and
techniques are especially effective in the first stage of
researches. Then, there is the collection of material,
knowledge of the research object. Types of pumpkins
were the object of research, presented the works of
artists of different periods. The collection consists of
120 images that were collected in the period from 2012
to 2016. In the work, the attempt is made using the
method of visual notes and visual techniques to build
images of plants pumpkins which displayed in art
works of different centuries and interpreted as "a kind
of door" through which we can enter in our area
(introduction history of culture, archaeogenetic,
developmental biology, the history of selection)
The article elucidates reasons for the falling prestige of
higher technical professional education in Russia and
based on their analysis we propose measures aimed at
raising the status of technical specialists. These
activities include: development of a strategic plan of
development of higher professional education, a
system of vocational guidance of graduates of
secondary educational institutions; improvement of
quality of preparation of scientific-pedagogical staff
and development of effective system of training of
teachers; the quality of the educational process and
development of effective system of training of
graduates; development of objective criteria for
assessing the effectiveness of universities;
development of a system of Patriotic education of
students of secondary and higher educational
institutions; increase of salaries of specialists,
influencing the country's economic development, the
status and prestige of the profession of high school
teacher. It is necessary to develop a strategic plan for
the development of higher professional education
urgently since the first part of young professionals will
be ready only after 4 years. Nevertheless, retraining
and advanced training of specialists of technical and
technological disciplines needed for the development
of modern techniques and technologies, including
foreign ones, we can start today. The implementation
of the considered measures will allow to raise prestige
of higher technical professional education and quality
training of students
The rapid pace of global scientific and technological
progress, which is the main engine of the economy,
demands for higher education, the purpose of which
is to prepare highly educated specialists – the
intellectual potential of Russia. It is known, that
technical and technological skills play an important
role in scientific and technical progress; ultimately,
the economic development of the country and the
welfare of the population depends on it. The
selection by the criterion of professional suitability is
the basis for building a decent contingent of firstyear
students of technical universities. The article
describes the disadvantages of the known and the
new method of selection, by qualifications, based on
the evaluation of the implementation of the students
tests on topics studied disciplines close to
engineering. The article reveals content of the main
stages of pre-University training in secondary
educational institutions. The proposed method of
selection based on professional suitability, and the
system of training of contingent in secondary schools
and colleges, created on the basis of higher
educational institutions, will significantly improve
the quality of training of specialists of technical and
technological directions for universities
An important question is increasing objectivity in
evaluation of current and residual knowledge of
students on the subjects. Based on these assessments,
teachers will adjust the work program and calendarthematic
plan on discipline, forms and methods of
teaching in order to ensure a high level of knowledge,
allowing making necessary competence and skills of
future specialists. The article proposes the evaluation
system of students ' knowledge and determines their
rankings, taking into account the qualifications of the
teachers who taught their classes. Knowledge
assessment might be defined as just one discipline, or
as all the across disciplines for a semester, academic
year and study period. The knowledge of students on
discipline is estimated on the results of the test tasks
based on current estimates obtained in a semester, and
examination grades. We have reviewed the quality
assessment system of students ' knowledge and
determined their rating; it will increase the credibility
of the evaluation. In addition, it increases the
effectiveness of the educational process, since the
evaluation of students ' knowledge and skills of
teachers, will help heads of departments and deans to
make decisions about the professional development of
teachers, showed poor results
The article deals with agricultural markets through the
prism of art. In the work with the help of pictures of
artists, like the visual information on the history of
agronomy, there were examined questions of
introduction of agricultures in Russia, achieving
selection works with agricultural plants, as well as we
analyzed species diversity of long-bottle lagenaria,
bottle gourd and turbanoforms pumpkin crops.
Experience in this field has been put into the
educational technology as a method of visual sketches
or notes. In this approach, students develop cognitive
function, since there is the collection of information
about the object, in this case of agriculture, its
introduction and spread and the changes that it
undergoes because of the selection. The electronic
database, with 50 works of art from various periods
and performed by artists from different countries have
been developed. Works of art from ancient times to the
present day represent an alternative source of
information about the history of agronomy, crop
introductions and their spread. Systematic collection of
images (iconography) will serve as an invaluable
resource for further research in the history of every
crop, and elements of technology of cultivation of
plants and the preservation of biodiversity
Health Sciences
The aim of the research was to assess the effect of nondrug
correction of urogenital disorders in female
patients with metabolic syndrome during the
menopause. The research includes 330 women aged
45-50 with metabolic syndrome. Three equal groups
with 110 female patients each were formed: the main
group, the first control group, and the second control
group. In the main group, the non-drug treatment (diet
therapy, psychotherapy, physical therapy, exercise
therapy) and the vitamin-mineral treatment were
combined. In the first control group, only non-drug
treatment was used. In the second control group, only
the vitamin-mineral treatment was used. Before the
treatment and in six months after the treatment, the
following was assessed: the intensity of vaginal
atrophy symptoms according to the 5-point Barlow
scale; Bochman vaginal health index; urinary diaries
data. The results of the research showed: the average
value of Bochmanvaginal health index has most
significantly increased in the main group (from
3,64±0,63 pointsto 4,67±0,68 points, p
The aim of the research was to assess the effect of nondrug
correction methods of climacteric disorders on
the digestive system in patients with metabolic syndrome.
330 women aged 45-50 with the diagnosed
metabolic syndrome were examined. Three comparable
groups were formed with 110 female patients in
each group. In the main group the methods of the nondrug
treatment (diet therapy, psychotherapy, physical
therapy, exercise therapy) and the vitamin-mineral
treatment were combined. In the first control group
only the non-drug treatment was used. In the second
control group only the vitamin-mineral treatment was
used. The female patients’ complaints and the biochemical
profile parameters were assessed before the
treatment and six months after the treatment. Ultrasound
scanning of the abdominal cavity, fibrogastroduodenoscopy
and videocolonoscopy were carried out.
The results of the study are as follows. In all patients
the digestive tract problems were diagnosed at the beginning
of the research. Moreover, combined damages
were noticedin most of the patients. The main group
demonstrated the most pronounced positive dynamic
according to the subjective evaluation of the symptoms
as to the gastrointestinal tract, as well as according to
the parameters of the carbohydrate and fat metabolism.
We may conclude that the complex non-drug correction
of climacteric disorders in female patients with
metabolic syndrome, directed on the increase of the
adaptation abilities of thewomen’s organism, the normalization
of all kinds of metabolism and of the endocrine
profile, has the most important positive effect on
the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. This, in its turn,
well coordinates all the kinds of metabolism
Health Sciences
Under conditions of white rats' hypothyroidism the
changes were studied in myeloid link of blood system
and corrective action of dalargin. It has been stated
that dalargin causes lasting leukopenia, short-time
eosinopenia with consequent normalization of their
number and momentarily stimulates neutrophilopoiesis
Social Sciences and Humanities
On the basis of the principles set in the Constitution,
election is the only democratic and legal way access to
power. On the one hand, elections are the most widely
used form of the implementation of direct power of
people. On the other hand, it is the most democratic
way of organizing the the state power and local
government authorities. At the same time, elections
are political tools for the realization of citizens’ the
right to vote, and an oppartunity of assesment the state
power and local government authorities. In this article,
the most widespread electoral systems in the world
and their application possibilities in Azerbaijan were
analyzed, at the same time has been talking about the
features of the election system of Azerbaijan were
studied