№ 124(10), December, 2016
Date issued: 30.12.2016
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The article presents a mathematical model of the ion transport across phase boundary exchange membrane / solution. The border is considered as an object in space, endowed with all the physical and chemical properties that are inherent physical and chemical phases. It is regarded as a special physical and chemical environment, having a distributed exchange capacity in which there is space charge dissociation of water molecules. The size of this object is estimated in the range of 1-300 nm. The surface morphology of industrial membrane type MK-40, МA-41 and МA-41P was investigated experimentally by scanning electron microscopy (REM). There was analyzed the amplitude of average surface roughness. In this article, the reaction layer is modeled as a region that forms as a relief morphology of the membrane. Membrane properties are due to the properties of the solution and the properties of the membrane. To determine the dependence of Q(x) is proposed procedure for assessing the proportion of solid phase in the total volume of which can be seen in the vertical cross section microprofile on the membrane surface line. Height multivendors determine the reaction layer zone on frame of model. Influence of surface morphology on the V-A characteristics and the sizes of the convective instability of cation-exchange membrane evaluated numerically simulating the hydrodynamic flow conditions using a solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. The transfer of a strong electrolyte such as NaCl ions through the thin layer of the reaction layer is considered. The place of nanomodel in the structure of a three-layer membrane system is showed. The distribution of the concentration of ions in the system, the charge density distribution and the dependence of the integrate charge with extent nanolayer is present. How to change the shape of the space charge and its integral value with one is investigated
The article is devoted to the discussion of the
organization of clinical-statistical studies and
experiments. We have considered the examples of
the application of statistical methods in scientific
medical research. Under the clinical-statistical
research we understand specially organized
collection and analysis of medical data about the
course of disease in patients, research of the
dynamics of objective and subjective indicators of
the state of reaction to these or other therapeutic
effects. We study one, two or more groups of
individuals (patients or healthy), conclusions are
drawn on the whole group, but not for each
individual patient. The purpose of research - to
transfer the conclusions reached for the sample to
the general population, i.e., clinical and statistical
study focused on the production of useful
recommendations concerning those patients who fall
into the field of view of doctors after the end of the
study. There are two main types of research -
prospective and retrospective. The first related to the
analysis of the last patients, the second - to
monitoring the course of their disease in the future.
We have considered typical mistakes in the
organization of clinical-statistical studies. When
planning a research, we usually distinguish the
experimental and control groups, which are identical
or similar in all respects except for the studied
factors (exposure). We discuss the various options
for blind methods and consider the application of
statistical models and methods in scientific medical
research. We have analyzed examples of confidence
estimation of proportion (probability) and the
homogeneity test of probabilities. For statistical
modeling we use the Poisson distribution in the case
of small probability. With its help, we analyze
statistical data on the opisthorchiasis
We consider the methods for estimation of the
effectiveness and quality of the scientific activities
of the researcher, of the organization, of the
magazine. Performance indicators of scientific
activity are used as an important part in the
estimation of higher education institutions, the
innovative capacity of enterprises, etc. To estimate
the effectiveness of scientific activity is natural to
use intellectual tools which are well-established in
other subject areas. This will include, in particular,
the balanced scorecard, based on key performance
indicators (hence the title of this article), as well as
controlling, primarily controlling of research
activities. There are two more developed and
widely used types of tools for estimation the
effectiveness of the scientific activity - the
scientometric indicators and the expert estimators.
Their critical analysis is the subject of this article.
The goal - to choose the most effective tool.
Different versions of manipulating of values of
scientometric indicators in the Russian Federation,
in our estimation, are still relatively rare. Perhaps
this is due to the relatively short period of their use
in the management of science. Since an indicator
such as citation index (the number of citations of
publications) of researcher, allows estimating its
contribution to science, the use of this
scientometric indicator for the management of
science is justified. At the same time, the number
of publications and especially h-index is not
possible to objectively estimate the effectiveness of
research activities, particularly in view of the
properties of the real bibliometric databases. Expert
procedures have several disadvantages. In this
article we discuss the real effectiveness of expert
procedures in the areas of their application, as
conferring academic degrees and elections to the
National Academy of Sciences (primarily in the
Russian Academy of Sciences), as well as
appointments to senior positions. The basic
principles of expertise in these areas remain the
same for the past 70 years. Based on an analysis of
practice it is necessary to ascertain the lack of
efficacy of expert estimators in these areas. Rationale to what has been said is given in the
article
The article deals with numerical solutions of MHD
equations describing turbulent flow of a conducting
fluid in a rectangular cavity in the rotating magnetic
field at large values of the magnetic Taylor number,
and Reynolds number. It is known that there is a
mechanism of turbulent mixing in natural systems,
leading to an increase in the viscosity of the
continuous medium. In this regard, we suggest
methods of regularization of the Navier-Stokes
equations, similar to the natural mechanisms of
mixing. The models based on the properties of
currents of the turbulent environment proposed. A
modification of the continuity equation taking into
account the final magnitude of pressure fluctuations
was considered. It is shown that due to pressure
fluctuation the incompressibility condition can be
violated even for flows with low Mach numbers.
Modification of continuity in the system of NavierStokes
equations by the introduction of turbulent
viscosity allows the regularization of the NavierStokes
equations to solve the problems with rapidly
changing dynamic parameters, for example, in the
case of a conducting fluid flow in a magnetic field
rotating with a high frequency. It was shown that the
modification of the continuity equation taking into
account turbulent fluctuations leads to a system of
nonlinear equations of parabolic type. A numerical
model of turbulent MHD flow in a rectangular cavity
with rapid change in flow parameters was proposed.
In numerical calculations revealed that under the
influence of a rotating magnetic field in a conducting
fluid there are forces occur, causing unsteady vortex
flow, which is consistent with experimental data. We
have discovered a type of large scale instability of the
turbulent flow, connecting with the secondary flow in
a form of vortices
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The article presents the experimental results of the
study of the concentration dependence of the electrical
conductivity of heterogeneous ion-exchange
membranes that are in contact with solutions of weak
electrolytes - carboxylic acids. It is shown that in this
case the membrane conductivity is higher than the
conductivity of the solution, wherein the conductivity
of cation exchange membranes substantially greater
(by an order of magnitude) than the conductivity of
anion exchange membranes. This fact must be
considered when designing the actual electrodialysis
processes of processing solutions containing organic
ions. The work identified the need to develop modern
ideas about transport and the structural organization of
ion-exchange materials, to describe the structure of the
ion-exchange membranes that are in contact with weak
electrolytes solutions
Life Sciences
Tomato is one of the most popular vegetables in Kuban. Every year, the area under this crop in the region occupies more than 11 thousand ha. Currently the State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in Krasnodar region, includes more than 90 tomato varieties and hybrids, however, the need for new, more productive varieties is not reduced. The important task of breeding is development of varieties and F1 hybrids with stable realization of the potential, with high level of yield ability, resistance to adverse environmental factors. In the southern regions of Russia for tomatoes, especially during flowering and fruit ripening, the most unfavorable abiotic environmental factors are excessive heat (air temperature 35 - 45 ° C or higher) and high solar radiation. Adverse temperature conditions often act as a deterrent in obtaining high yields, due to the flowers and fruits drop. The article presents the results of breeding activities of the last ten years (2007 - 2016) on development of new tomato varieties and F1 hybrids for different purposes As a result of studies there were developed four tomato varieties and one F1 hybrid that meet the requirements of production and are adapted to abiotic conditions of cultivation in open field in Kuban
The article presents the results of studies of vitality
and of the correlation variability of morphological
traits cenopopulations Lilium pensylvanicum Ker.-
Gawl. on the natural territory of the Yakutsk Botanical
Garden and in cultura. The study shows variability of
their parts (variability) and the estimation
coenopopulations vitality (vitality)
Microsatellite DNA markers are currently used
effectively in the study of the genetic diversity of the
gene pool of fruit crops and DNA certification of
varieties. For plum now there is rather limited list of
works on the development of this type of DNA
markers. Most often, the search for new SSR-markers
for this species is carried out by checking of crossreproducibility
of SSR-markers developed in other
species of the genus Prunus. In this study, for the 18
SSR-markers previously developed on a peach, there
was performed testing and evaluation of the prospects
for the use of the genotyping of plum cultivars. Testing
was made on the 4 varieties of genetically distant,
belonging to the 4 different subspecies of Prunus
domestica L., showed the effectiveness of their use.
During the study, all tested DNA-markers were
grouped together in multiplex sets comprising 3-4
markers. This allows simultaneous genotyping of 3-4
loci in a single PCR reaction. These multiplex kits are
available for use in the study of genetic polymorphism
of species Prunus domestica L
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The article briefly discusses the following questions. The classic definition of virtual reality systems. Effects of virtual reality: effects of the reality, presence, depersonalization (modification of consciousness), a modification of the consciousness of the user, virtualization, interests, goals, values, and motivations ("reals and virtuals"). The criteria of reality in various forms of consciousness and their application in virtual reality. Virtual reality systems and criteria of reality, the principles of equivalence (relativity) of Galileo and Einstein and the criteria for virtual reality. The virtual device I / o. The author's definition of virtual reality systems. Dreaming, hypnagogic state, and virtual reality. Augmented reality and augmented virtuality. The modification of consciousness and the consciousness of the user in virtual reality. Consideration of future and pathological changed forms of consciousness that arise in systems with intelligent interfaces. Observance of moral norms in virtual reality and the consequences of failure. The risk of effects of virtual reality and the need for serious scientific study. The transfer of knowledge and skills from virtual reality to true. The transfer of knowledge and skills from virtual reality to true. Mechanisms of formation of models of the true and the virtual reality of man and the principles of their correct and meaningful interpretation. Principles and perspectives correct meaningful interpretation of the subjective (virtual) models of the physical and social reality formed by the human consciousness. The application of virtual reality systems. There is also a test for understanding of virtual reality
The creation of artificial intelligence systems is one
of important and perspective directions of
development of modern information technology. As
there are many alternatives to artificial intelligence
systems, there is a need to evaluate mathematical
models of these systems. In this work, we consider a
solution of the problem of identifying classes of
levels of pay of employees on their characteristics.
To achieve this goal, it requires free access to test
the source data and methodology, which will help to
convert the data into the form needed for work in
artificial intelligence systems. A good choice is the
databases from the site: http://allexcel.ru/gotovyetablitsy-excel-besplatno.
In this work, we have used
the database called "The database table of
employees, payments calculation". The most reliable
in this application was the model of the INF4 based
on semantic appropriate measure of information of
A. Kharkevich with integral criteria of "Amount of
knowledge". The accuracy of the model is 0.960,
which is much higher than the reliability of expert
evaluations, which is equal to about 70%. To assess
the reliability of the models in the ACS-analysis and
the system called "Eidos" we have used F-criterion
of van Ritbergen and fuzzy multiclass generalization
proposed by Professor E. V. Lutsenko
The creation of artificial intelligence systems is one
of important and perspective directions of
development of modern information technology. As
there are many alternatives to artificial intelligence
systems, there is a need to evaluate mathematical
models of these systems. In this article, we consider
a solution of the problem of identifying classes of
levels of pay to employees on their characteristics.
To achieve this goal it requires free access to test the
source data and methodology, which will help to
convert the data into the form needed for work in
artificial intelligence systems. A good choice is a
database of test problems for systems of UCI
artificial intelligence repository. In this work we
have used data base on teaching effectiveness for
three regular semesters and two summer semesters
of 151 teaching assistant (TA) assignments at the
statistics Department of the University of
Wisconsin-Madison. The most reliable in this
application was the model of the INF4. The
accuracy of the model in accordance with Lmeasure
made up 0,809, which is much higher than
the reliability of expert evaluations, which is equal
to about 70%. To assess the reliability of the models
in the ASC-analysis and in the system of "Eidos" we
use F-criterion of van Ritbergen and its fuzzy
multiclass generalization proposed by Professor E.
V. Lutsenko
Creation of artificial intelligence systems is one of
important and perspective directions of development
of modern information technology. As there are
many alternatives to artificial intelligence systems,
there is a need to evaluate mathematical models of
these systems. In this work, we present a solution of
the problem of identifying classes of salary levels of
employees depending on their characteristics. To
achieve this goal it requires free access to test the
source data and methodology, which will help to
convert the data into the form needed for work in
artificial intelligence systems. A good choice is a
database of test problems for systems of artificial
intelligence of UCI repository. In this work we used
the database called "Wine Data Set" from the Bank's
original task of artificial intelligence from repository
UCI. The most reliable in this application was the
model of the INF4 based on semantic, according to
A. Kharkevich, integral criteria of "Amount of
knowledge". The accuracy of the model is 0,916,
which is much higher than the reliability of expert
evaluations, which is equal to about 70%. To assess
the reliability of the models in the ASC-analysis and
the system of "Eidos" we used the F-criterion of van
Ritbergen and fuzzy multiCLASS generalization
proposed by Professor E. V. Lutsenko (L-measure)
The purposeful analysis of the existing technologies for the agricultural products transportation in railway and sea communication is carried out. Unprecedented dynamics of changes in loading and the increase of export traffic via the ports provide nigh duty on railways. Especially complicated is the organisation of freight flows to the ports at the directions with intensive mixed (freight and passenger) traffic. As a result there is an annual grow of the cars set aside from the traffic. The search of solutions was fulfilled in areas with the shortage of capacity and processing capabilities of the infrastructure of various modes of transport. The proposed solutions aimed at maximizing the use of existing transport infrastructure during the transfer of freight from railway to sea transport. The efficiency evaluation of the redistribution of freight traffic between ports of one sea basin specializing in transshipment of agricultural products is calculated. The solutions aimed at automation of the decision-making process on the optimal organization of shipment and supply of shipload lots are proposed. The results obtained in the work with the approbation on the example of organization of transportations to ports of the Azov and the Black sea basin confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solutions and the possibility of reducing the cost of transport component in the price of grain products for export
At the present time there is a problem in storage
of agriculture machine-tractor park, because when
operating of agricultural machinery parts thereof
are covered by contamination. The most heavily
becomes dirty machinery working in the toughest
conditions. Pollution promotes decrease the
operational reliability, accelerating of corrosion
and aging, reduce the quality of maintenance
service and performance technique. One of the
number of important factors when setting
technique for storage is the clearing of by of
various types pollution, because the during
storage of cleaned surfaces, components and parts
are subjected still greater destruction and
corrosion. Removal of various kinds of pollution
is an important technological process which has a
significant impact on the preservation of
appliances, performance of work, the quality of
the repair and maintenance of cars, culture,
production and human health. The article contains
a classification of contamination depending on the
difficulty of their removal and density, basic
information on techniques and devices for
purification of units and parts of agricultural
machines, as well as on substances used for this.
We have reviewed bombardment of surfaces with
contaminated carbon dioxide ice particles that
leads to its full destruction. We have improved technology and created a universal device and the
experimental plant for cleaning parts and
assemblies prior to storage, which are not only
inferior, but also in the majority superior to
technical and economic performance of existing
analogues
The carried out analysis studies the influence of
various factors on the preservation of
agricultural products and shows that it is largely
determined by design features of machinery and
technological methods of use. The efficiency of
agricultural and mobile trailer machines has
been forming by service and storage. Low
quality of work associated with the storage of
agricultural machines is conditioned by the fact
that the lack of financial capacity of rural
producers on acquisitions of modern equipment
and materials for carrying out the preparation of
for long storage, and also the construction of
modern agricultural machinery storage sites. If
a car can be fully or partially protected from the
solar radiation, rain and snow, simply by
removing it in the room, under a canopy or
covered with a protective cover, by the
formation of condensation on the surface of the
machine units and parts these ways to protect
do not work. Enhancing of preservation of
agricultural machinery is possible when
protecting the vehicles from atmospheric
precipitation in the form of snow and rain,
influence of solar radiation, and also due to the
change heat exchange processes of the machine with the environment that prevents the
formation of moisture condensate on its surface,
ie. we have to create conditions when cooling
rate at which the surface of the machine would
be equal to or less the rate of cooling air. This is
possible through the use of a special design,
which would prevent the intense heat radiation
of the machine into the environment, ie, would
reflect heat rays using its surface and return
them to its surface and thus fulfill the role of the
heat shield
One of the promising directions of development of
agriculture of the Russian Federation is to increase
the production, improve the quality and decrease the
cost of potato cultivation. Annual cleaning is one of
the most intense and costly in transport and
technological processes. Potatoes - blending high
culture and very picky about cleaning. The highest
yields and income from potato production get where
embedded technology to optimize energy and labor
costs. The main (though not only) the special
technical means used during machine harvesting
potatoes, are potato harvesters. The main problem
when cleaning is a problem of balancing conflicting
requirements to the process and possibilities of
agricultural machinery. Including increasing the
purity of the tubers in the container with one hand,
minimization of losses and damages of tubers on the
other hand, when the performance of equipment. In
this article we propose a circuit-design solution
separating the working body of the potato harvester
that allow for cleaning to significantly reduce the
amount of traumatized potatoes in the process of
separating soil and vegetable impurities, creating the
preconditions for the elimination of damage to the
tubers on the hard side of the working bodies of
harvesting machines. Informed choice and timely use
of plug-in modules (separating working bodies) in
modern potato harvesting machines at work in
specific climatic conditions allows them to fully
match the list of regulated agronomic requirements.
Thus, the creation of new science-based technical
solutions for a separation of the organs of potato
harvesters is an actual scientific-technical task, which
makes a significant contribution to the development
of the country
In the world, recycling processes have recently
become more common in order to save material and
energy resources. Currently, in connection with the
level of motorization, there grew a problem of
recycling waste tires and their elements which is of great importance for many regions of the country.
Decommissioning worn tires is a source of
environmental pollution, bearing the prolonged
character; they are not a subject to biological
destruction and require constant increase of storage
facilities. There is a continuous accumulation of used
tires and we can recycle only about 20% of their
amount. Worn tires represent very large-capacity
products of polymer-containing waste, virtually
resistant to natural degradation. Therefore, the
problem of processing and secondary use, emerged
from the operation of tires is of great economic and
environmental significance. However, the worn tires
are a source of valuable secondary raw materials:
rubber, soot (essentially pure carbon), metal and
synthetic cord. 90% of all waste of rubber are tires
and represent a vast reserve of raw materials. In the
emerging in the industry nonrenew- material
resources the efficient use of secondary raw materials
is of great importance. There are improved
technologies for processing rubber goods, and the
equipment used for it
The system of the main handling of the soil on an agrolandscape basis in the conditions of Kuban is analyzed and in relation to it the technical supply promoting competitive production of crop production is proved. Conservation and expanded production of humus of the Kuban chernozems is possible only in case of observance of recommendations and the balanced biologically adaptive system of agriculture providing improvement of water and physical and chemical properties of the arable land in various agrolandscapes due to observance of crop rotations, the technology space, the boardless, surface and "zero" treatments with creation of a favorable phytosanitary situation, use of a crop residue remaining balance, green manure, a fertilizer, manure and composts. The application was recommended in the system and technicians of new generation with automated control systems and work quality control, the sparing tradable systems, admissible weight with use of navigation aids and GPS is proved. We have suggested a system machine for soil cultivation in the Kuban region, it radically changes technologies, reduces the nomenclative list of the used equipment, facilitates servicing and operation of machines, improves rhythm, threading of production processes and complexity of the performed works. All this promotes decrease in capital investments and a work gain in productivity. The offered technical supply of system of the main handling of the soil for conditions of the Krasnodar region is proved taking into account agrolandscapes and evidence-based system of agriculture, auxiliary the main component - resource-saving system of the tillage machines which are qualitatively carrying out agrorequirements, reducing costs and promoting the increased product competitiveness of crop production
The article deals with the issues of determining the
complexity of the project objectives, performance
evaluation of the project, as well as the question of the
distribution of specialists on problems
Widespread in autonomous systems, including
uninterrupted power supply systems, there are power
static (electronic) convertors: rectifiers and inverters,
used to match the parameters of the electric power
source and the load; they also have a function of voltage
stabilizers. Important question is the calculation of key
performance criteria at the design stage: power losses,
efficiency, reliability, weight and size (for electrical
transport systems). The article discusses the
methodology of the simplified calculation of the basic
criteria of efficiency of inverters and rectifiers. There
are schematic electrical diagrams of power rectifiers
and inverters, and the basic analytical expression for a
simplified calculation of the basic criteria of efficiency
of the converters, including their output filters. Each
year, we improve the technical characteristics of the
probes using new element base, allowing reducing the
level of electromagnetic interference generated by
power electronic devices. We have also shown
perspective directions of the development of power
converter technology by using one-phase and threephase
transformers with rotating magnetic field in their
creation (therefore we increase reliability of operation
and efficiency). A promising direction is the
construction of converters and autonomous systems in a
modular complex, where (in addition to increased
system reliability) we simplify its operation, including
service
Analysis of scientific literature has shown a promising
direction in energy saving and in increasing of
efficiency of power supplies remote from external
networks in Russia is the application of solar
photovoltaic power plants. The level of solar radiation
on the territory of Russia varies widely from 810
kWh/m2 per year in remote Northern areas to 1,400
kWh/m2 per year in southern areas. We have revealed
their main advantages and disadvantages of solar
photovoltaic power plants, as well as the purpose, basic
features, features selection and operation of inverters
and batteries. We have also given a generalized block
diagram of three types of solar photovoltaic power
plants: autonomous, standby, network. The peculiarities
of their work have been presented. To improve the
reliability of operation of solar power plants we need to
design them according to the modular principle.
Modular aggregation has to be applied for stand-alone
inverters, where the input and output filters, power
electronic circuit and system voltage regulation and
protection represent the functional module elements. It
is possible to increase significantly the reliability of
autonomous inverters and solar PV systems in the
complex, using one-phase and three-phase transformers
with rotating magnetic field in their design. The
advantages and the disadvantages, the peculiarities of
the solar PV plants discussed in the article will allow to
develop their structural and circuit designs with
improved maintenance characteristics in the future
The article is devoted to the use of complex computer programs called "Automated verification and final practice on determination of level of professional readiness of police officers to perform their tasks" - ASC "CONTROL" developed with the Delphe programming language. It describes the basic techniques of the automated testing with the use of the complex algorithms training testing database to use, as well as methods of reporting for testing. We describe how to work with the software modules of "Control" and "Analysis". The first is designed to create and edit a test database and processing of results of testing of the subjects. It is only used by the originator of the test and inspection and is not available for testing. The second module is available to everyone because it provides testing. It is implemented as a separate computer and local network. The number of test, at the same time is virtually unlimited. We clearly articulate the features of the use of the software complex, algorithms of creation of new test tasks, describe the setting options of the test database in detail, technology editing sections of the test, definition of assessment criteria, and describe the technologies of testing subjects. The Complex of computer programs of ASC "CONTROL" has passed the technical testing and successfully used in educational process of chair of computer technologies and systems of Kuban state agrarian University and the determination of the level of knowledge of cadets and police officers in Krasnodar University of MIA of Russia. In this regard, this work will be useful to drafters of test databases in this software environment
The work is done in a scientific and practical ways to
minimize power losses in the transmission of
electricity in the interregional distribution networks
from the sources to the consumer by the use of tasks,
ensuring the gradual improvement in the support
program, not only from the standpoint of the efficiency
of reduction of transported power loss, but also due to
a significant decrease the complexity of the
calculations. The resulting shortage of electricity
power associated with its transfer to the electricity
networks, has demanded the need to find possible
ways of reducing the value of electricity losses during
transportation, both by improving and by optimizing
distribution net-works schemes. Consolidation into a
single set of electrical equipment, called the power
cluster is connected to the sources of power and energy
consumption, make better use of new principles of
control technology and the transmission of electricity,
on the basis of an automated monitoring system,
ensuring the redistribution of energy flows and
optimize them. The process of electric power
transmission and reduction in electric power loss can be considered on the basis of linear programming
problems, and their modification in the form of a
transportation problem, and as a result, the transport
matrix. On this basis, manipulating the data table, we
can find acceptable solutions, well and then determine
the best of them. As examples, this work has carried
out the study on the basis of the three methods -
"northwest corner", the method of minimum unit cost
of electricity transport, as well as the method of the
potential. The use of these three methods yielded
acceptable solutions, to identify the most appropriate
for the number of steps carried out at the decision, to
reveal that the winner is the potential cost method
Russia starts working on creation and implementation
of the utilization system for different types of withdrawn
equipment. Expediency of creation of this sectoral
system in Russia is proved in the article. Ability
of the system creation is considered. Recommendations
for the ability rise are also given
This article considers the organization of neuralnetwork
interactions based on models of cellular
automata. These models are focused on improving
the efficiency of the iterative processes of
functioning of neural networks and their learning.
The models considered in this article are presented in
the form of two-level hierarchical structures. Models
of the lower level are defined as "cellular neural
element". They are based on formal descriptions of
the dynamic neurons with the additional insertion of
the state functions and the special procedures of
formation of the specified function. Also, we have
added special methods for forming patterns of
activation functions. The conception of developed
models is based on the use of the theory of graphs,
theory of neural networks and the mechanism of
cellular automata. These models will be used as the
basis for software modeling
A computing experiment with software
implementation of computer vision system (CVS)
algorithms has been performed for identification
and detailed condition assessment of objects of
natural origin and their mass number, with high
variability within classes and an affinity of the
classes. An accuracy of the operating mode was
assessed. The article also shows possibilities of
decreasing of video frame processing in CVS
operating mode through an optimization of
sequential computation and organization of parallel
computation
The article discusses the implementation of a
software system to support management decisions
designed to organize the educational process in
higher educational institutions. We have completed
argumentation of the development and application of
a software system. This system was developed in the
department of the computer engineering of Institute
of computer technologies and information security,
Southern Federal University (SFeDU). The article
describes the algorithm of functioning of the system
and its structure. The software system includes
several subsystems and three external modules:
"Personal load", "Materials to the schedule", "Work
Plan of the Department". It provides basic
information about the developed modules, discusses
their purpose and functionality. Initial data for
modules were defined. The results of the work of
modules are confirmed by illustrations. The article
describes the work of the subsystems composing the
software system. These are a subsystem of data
processing, a subsystem of decision-making and a
subsystem of input/output. The structure of all
subsystems is detailed at the block level, the purpose
of blocks was determined. Resulting files of the
module work are generated in an XML-format and
can be converted into an Excel-format that
considerably facilitates a task of their subsequent use
and processing. The system and the additional
module possess the convenient functional interface
and, considering facilities on adjustment for the
concrete user, can be used in structural divisions of
various universities
This article describes the purpose of SmartHouse
systems, noting their advantages and disadvantages.
We have identified sustainable trends in the
implementation of such systems in the life of modern
people, and there has been a substantiation of the
need for their development. The article provides a
detailed description of a SmartHouse system and the
generalized structure of the system. Existing
approaches to management systems implementation
SmartHouse was consider. The subsystem of lighting
control was considered as an example. The structural
diagram of this subsystem was developed. We have
justified the choice of technical devices, hardware
and software subsystem of lighting control; we have
also given their description. As a subsystem device
we use Bluetooth module HC-05/06, four channel
relay module to connect to Arduino, Arduino Mega
2560 plate. We briefly describe the process of
programming the Arduino Mega plate. The necessity
of remote access subsystems was substantiated. We
have reviewed existing standards and technologies
for solving such problems and proposed the
implementation of remote access subsystem via a
mobile communication system using the Bluetooth
standard. The developed mobile application that
allows you to control devices on the example of the
lighting subsystem was described. We have
performed testing of the model of a subsystem of
lighting control and the developed software. The
proposal for the development of this work was given.
The further development of the subsystems of the
SmartHouse and realizing of remote access system
through the Internet were offered
Results of modeling of deformation of a band saw in a
cutting zone are presented in article. Also the
experiment by definition of deformation of a saw and
loss of her stability has been made
The article presents the results of experimental studies
of band noise generation and multirip woodworking
machines. The studies have shown that saw
woodworking group, as well as metal, are general
patterns in the formation of the spectral composition
that allows to approach the development of practical
recommendations to reduce sound pressure levels in
the work area to the operators of sanitary norms. Of
particular note is the fact that elevated levels of noise
generated by the cutting tool. The effect of changes in
process parameters, in particular, the depth of cut and
feed to levels of noise generated by the tool. For
example, increasing the depth of cut in half leads to an
increase of sound pressure levels at 5.8 dB
(theoretically obtained value is 6 dB), and supplying a
halving of the sound pressure levels reduces by 5 dB.
High enough for engineering purposes convergence of
theoretical and experimental sound pressure levels and
the fact that the calculated values above experimental,
allows the calculation and design of the system to
reduce the noise under consideration in the machine is,
only in service but also in their design
This article is dedicated to the study of the
fundamental properties and components of the
immune system such as B lymphocytes, the Tlymphocytes,
immune system storage, primary and
secondary immune response, immunological
training detectors, which will be the basis of the
obtained as a result of detection methods of
polymorphic viruses using artificial immune
systems. Polymorphism of computer viruses is the
formation of a malicious program code directly
during execution. Thus, it is impossible to create a
unique signature corresponding to these
polymorphic viruses. A similar classification
problem is solved by the immune system of
vertebrates, stared again met with the virus, it
"remembers" him, and the next time provides
effective secondary immune response. These
properties of the immune system served as a
prerequisite for the use of immune approaches and
algorithms for solving the problems of detection of
malicious code. The article identified and described
their main features, proposed the idea of their
implementation and software, system interactions in
the immune system revealed such important
features, the implementation of which will be
effective in solving the problem of detection of
malicious code and software. Also, for a more
productive system of education is considered a
class of genetic, evolutionary algorithms, described
by their immediate implementation of site-specific
decentralized artificial immune system, built a
system of interaction of genetic and immunological
algorithms.
This article discloses the use of hybrid neural / expertnetwork
systems to the problem of finding the
significant events of these studies market behavior.
The neural network is trained by back propagation, and
is used to highlight trends over time. The expert
system is used to determine the degree of significance
of data
This article discloses the use of neural networks to
recognize patterns in control charts. To recognize
unnatural situation under control is possible by
analyzing the chart pattern. Neural networks with
reinforcements are the third generation of neural
networks. In this study they are available for
recognition in the management chart patterns. The
article also discusses options for improvement of the
learning algorithm in the form of additional rules for
the synoptic pauses, time constants and switching
threshold neurons
The flowsheet purification of exhaust gases in the
Novocherkassk SDPP after the electrostatic
precipitator on I-th stage of purification set group
cyclone, on the II-nd stage of purification - baghouse.
To determine the particle size distribution of fly ash,
we selected ash from the transport network to the
group cyclone, and the in a group cyclone, and in a
baghouse. With the help of the microscope "Biomed-
3" we produced pictures of ash particles with different
magnification. Granulometric composition of three
selected ash samples were determined according to the
mass content of particles of different grain size,
expressed in percent relative to the weight of dry ash
sample taken for analysis. For size fractions from 10
mm to 0.5 mm sieve method is applied without rinsing
with water, for size fractions less than 0.5 mm sieve
method is applied with water washing. The particle
size of the ash mixture, taken up before the cyclone,
We have presented a table of analogues of mechanical and
electrical quantities of a thermal power plant, which shows
the relation between the useful power of the engine and
mechanical efficiency, as well as the relationship between
engine parameters and regime of its operation; we have
also developed an electro-mechanical analogy, which
helped to get the expressions linking the useful engine
power with shaft speed, engine performance, coefficient of
mechanical resistance and mechanical efficiency with
speed, coefficient of drag and engine performance. Similar
expressions were obtained for the relations of these
variables with other sets of parameters. The article also
shows corresponding graphs. The expressions for the
maximum net power and corresponding speed of rotation
was found. Thus, the efficiency isЅ. It is shown that in
larger (compared with the extreme) speed, the mode is less
efficient than with the smaller, for the same useful power.
A method is presented to measure the important
characteristics of the finished engine – motor operation and
its rotational drag coefficient used in the resulting
expressions
The article considers the dynamic optimization of the
drying process of grain by proper selection of the required
parameters. The calculations of the optimal
parameters of the control device
A methodology for a multilevel system approach to
integrated optimization of processes of harvest,
transportation and cleaning of the grain during the
harvest by the method of «Neveyka» has been
developed. The main method of research - is a
queuing theory of all components of the yield except
straw. The System consists of 6 interconnected
subsystems with their inputs and outputs, and its own
optimality criteria. On the first level of optimization,
the most efficient way of wheat harvest «Neveyka»
has been proved. On the second level - the total
duration of the harvest with allowance for 4-5
cultivated wheat sorts, each of which is harvested
within 5 calendar days, was optimized. The third
level proves the requirement of combine harvesters
and transport vehicle. On the fourth level - the
combinations of harvesting and transport units are
optimized on the criterion of the minimum amount of
the loss on the mutual expectations of harvesters and
vehicles. The fifth optimization level proves the
capacity of the reception station of the grain storage,
where the main criterion for optimality is the least
amount of losses on the mutual waiting time of the
transportation vehicles, and the additional criterion is
the minimum waiting time of vehicles in the queue.
On the sixth and the final stage the specific annual
economic effect (rub/ha or rub/t) from the
implementation of the proposed technology is
determined. It is established, that during the grain
harvesting, transporting and processing of heap there
are elementary or Poisson probability flows of
requirements for service. The Representation of
harvesting - transport link in the form of closed
queuing system of independent harvesting unit. An
approach to the justification of failure-free operation of a station for cleaning grain heap and storage of
grain and chaff is presented
Using queuing theory (QT) for the new technology of harvesting of grain crops by the method of «Neveyka», the method of optimal designing of maintenance system and elimination of failures of units used in cleaning technology and post-harvest processing of grain has been considered. On the basis of a systematic approach, taking into account the probabilistic nature of the change of operating factors the methodical directions of validity test of the adoption of the Poisson distribution in the calculation of operating modes were substantiated to optimize maintenance level units and eliminate failures in the operation of the machines, the probability of failure-free operation of harvesting and transport aggregates. The probability of failure-free operation of each type of units used in the cleaning of grain depends on their number and intensity of service. According to the numerical value the probability of failure-free operation of units is equal to the probability of idle units for maintenance and elimination of failures. Since it is impossible to determine separately the value of the probability of failure-free operation for all types of units and all kinds of services at different operating conditions the generalized solution has been offered, this solution is applicable to any serviced unit during both the technical inspection and elimination of failures. By specifying the desired value of the probability of failure-free operation of harvesting units, according to their number we can determine the appropriate ratio between the average length of service and the average period of time between incoming service requirements (technical inspection and elimination of failures) from one unit
Nowadays, a necessary condition for progress in the
field of information technology is wide adoption of
standards and technologies of information systems
used for hardware and software products. Building
software of computing and information systems, based
on the ideology of open systems, allows to
successfully solve the problems of portability on
platforms of various manufacturers, the problem of
interchangeability of components and, most
importantly, ensures the integration of devices and
users in a variety of computing and telecommunication
networks. It should be emphasized the fact that to date
the successful implementation of any significant
projects in the field of information and computer
technology, management of information and
telecommunications is not possible without
coordination of development with existing standards in
the field of information systems and, in some cases,
the development of new standards. In the conditions of
transition to integrated computing and
telecommunications systems, the principles of
information systems form the basis of technology
integration, the establishment of sectoral, regional and
national information infrastructures and their
interactions on a global scale. So, we can conclude that
the technology of information systems today is the
working environment in which the priority is the
development of information and telecommunication
technologies, telecommunication and computer
engineering
System integration, as a kind of information
technology, ensures that a range of services aimed at
the implementation of integration tasks and divided
into several types, including: horizontal, vertical,
distributed and core data format. In addition, this type
of activity has a number of different implementation
methods and occupies a significant share of the IT
market, having a great set of tools of the organization,
allowing optimizing the performance of the tasks by
optimizing the processes of project management and
control, performed by various information systems.
The lack of industry tools to consolidate the
functionality involved in the full cycle of project
implementation in the sphere is an important omission,
adversely affecting the speed and quality of
implementation of tasks. In this regard, there is need
for a new approach to the automation of processes, and
ensure information activities aimed at the solution of
problems on the integration of information systems
and their components, from the stage of task definition
and ending with a commercial operation stage with
further lifecycle support
The article presents a staged scheme for granulation of
solid fraction solids of fermented poultry manure (SF
FPM) in an augered granulator. Granulation process of
material has been reviewed in every stage of
compression. The structural and mechanical properties
of the pressable material were studied. It was revealed
that SF FPM refers to pseudoplastic bodies, which
when exposed to pressure exhibit anomalous
properties. We present a rheological model of the
motion of pressed materials in an augered granulator.
We have modeled a mechanical model of actions at SF
FPM. It was revealed that the compressible material at
voltages generated in an augered granulator at the area
of plasticizing was acting like an abnormal liquid. This
liquid obeys the regularities of Newtonian liquids
The peculiarities of the Tuapse refinery installation of
primary oil refining ELOU-AVT-12 commissioned in
2013 were shown. The device is intended for
dehydration and desalting of oil. Analyzed: tube
furnace N-1001/1,2 for heating oil and oven N-
2001/1,2,3,4, for heating the distilled fuel oil. Tube
furnace ELOU is one of the main sources of air
pollution. We have performed quantitative chemical
analysis of gas emissions furnace ELOU AVT and
determined percentage of components O2, N2, CO in
the emissions. The content of carbon monoxide in
emissions was less than 0.05%, which corresponds to
the standards. The average nitrogen content is 80%,
which also corresponds to standard indicators
There are the results of the research on creating a heat
exchanger. It is based on the experience of creating
equipment for swirling of liquid and gas flows and
changing of their directions, their whirling, leading to
destruction of the boundary layer on heat-transfer
surfaces and intensification of heat-exchange
processes. Screw rotors are suggested as working
bodies of the heat exchanger. Each flow-cross section
in them differs from the previous not only by its form
but also by its location relative to each other. With
that, the cross-section area changes, the medium
motion stationary breaks, the intensity of heatexchange
processes increases, technological
capabilities enhance. Screw rotors are supplied with
laps created on exterior surfaces of rotors during their
assembling and allowing intensification of heatexchange
processes. Dependencies for calculating of
screw rotors basic characteristics are presented in the
work. Screw rotors provided with helical grooves on
the inner surface with a spiral lines on the outer surface
of different pitch and number of visits. The work is
done on the basis of research carried out at the Kuban
state agrarian University on the use of helical rotors in
industry, construction and agriculture [1-23]
On the basis of the analysis of existing technical means for tillage in this article we propose a new technical means of vibration action including rectangular welded rack with hinge systems, adjusting the depth of tillage. Fixing of the working bodies and working bodies are made in the form of racks with chisels and arrow-shaped claws differ in that there is a shaped hole is made in the upper side of rack where a mounted solenoid is. It is mounted on a rack by means of casing and screws, and the solenoid is made in the form of a coil with a head and spring and communicated with the electrical system of the tractor via the relay-breaker and a regulator are located on the rack. This vibrating tool presumably will lessen the resistance of the soil affecting on the working bodies, will eliminate the sticking effect of elements of working bodies and thereby the quality of the soil tillage will be improved, it will allow to reduce energy consumptions of working process up to 30%, it reduces the emission of harmful substances from combustion of diesel fuel into the atmosphere. The invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for tillage on various agricultural backgrounds and with different densities
It is known that today one of the promising areas to effectively solve issues of energy saving, is the introduction of renewable energy sources. Despite the fact that the current solar PV stations have the main drawback associated with the high cost, the prospects of their application in autonomous systems of electrosupply are evident when they are used in combined (hybrid) systems. In such systems there may be other types of renewable and traditional sources of electricity. In addition, they produce heat. We have disclosed prospects of solar industry, and also, for solar energy assessment, we have examined analytical expressions allowing defining the energy derived from solar radiation for specific surfaces. Calculations start from obtaining statistical data gathered at meteorological stations which keeps records of the intensity of the total (direct plus diffuse) radiation on a horizontal surface, and the intensity of direct solar radiation. The article presents features of the calculation taking into account the climatic and territorial conditions on the example of the Krasnodar region. The given calculation procedure is the first stage for designing solar power plants. Further, the total capacity is determined by electricity consumers, as well as the quality requirements of electricity, including continuity of supply, embarking to the construction of the block diagram electricity supply. In this scheme, we must provide primary and backup power sources. It selects the main equipment of solar power plant (solar panels, inverters, storage batteries)
The article considers the main types of wind and
solar electric installations, and provides a
comparative analysis of the renewable energy
potential of the Krasnodar region. Currently, people
of the Earth cannot live without electricity.
Production and consumption of electricity is
constantly increasing, and the cost of it is
constantly becoming more expensive. The cost of
oil production (cost to get oil out of the ground)
increases constantly. The cost of electricity is going
up because the cost of basic materials, such as
copper, is at an unprecedented high level. Such
alternative energy sources, such as solar and wind,
are real solutions to these problems, moreover, the
cost of "traditional" energy sources will only
increase. To date, the most popular and invest
renewable energy sources are the solar and wind
power. Solar energy in the Krasnodar region is
more profitable than wind one, despite the fact that
the production of solar installations is more
expensive. But every year the price of solar energy
is reduced and soon will be equal to the price of
wind energy, and science and technology do not
stand still, so when there is such an abundance of
sunlight in the Krasnodar region, the solar
installation will pay off much faster
The article discusses the features of design and
operation in the different modes of functioning of
autonomous hybrid power plants based on renewable
and traditional energy sources. We have given a
structural scheme of such a plant. It is shown that the
algorithm of the system in the autumn-winter period
should be adjusted according to the monthly
monitoring; and standby generator of independent
source can be run at a deeper discharge of batteries. It
is known that the most expensive and the weakest link
in the solar PV plants is rechargeable battery. In
addition, the larger the number they have in the
system, the more complicated the fulfillment of all
conditions of proper operation is. We have proposed
to extend the lifetime of batteries through the use of
passive balancing, which allows to increase the
reliability of operation and reduce the cost. It is
shown that a real possibility of improving the
technical and economic performance of autonomous
hybrid power plants is their execution on the basis of
solar photovoltaic power plants. We have also
discussed the features of construction and operation
of hybrid power plants, which will increase the
efficiency of preliminary works on development of
high-performance structural circuit design of the
stations
The high speed of solar energy development in the
modern world allows us to assert that in the near
future it will become one of the main sources of
electricity. The authors describe a classification of
solar power plants, which can be of two types –
thermodynamic and photovoltaic, as well as the
features of design and operation of these plants. There
is a structural and schematic solution of autonomous
solar power stations and ones operating in parallel
with the external power grid. The features of their
design and operation, including the main advantages
and disadvantages were shown. It is shown that to
improve the reliability, including uninterrupted power
supply, a promising direction is the development of
combined systems which in addition to the solar
power plant may use wind power, gas or diesel
power, etc. In addition, such stations may provide
power from the external power supply. We have
given one of the variants of structural designs of
combined systems of energy and disclosed
recommendations for the design of energy-efficient
combined systems of power supply, made using
renewable and conventional sources of electricity.
The final version of the combined system of
electricity supply and the degree of participation of
traditional and renewable energy sources in electricity
production is determined on the basis of the analysis
of the energy balance and electromagnetic
compatibility of the main functional elements of the
system
The article discusses the structural schematics of solar
energy systems, providing guaranteed power supply
to electricity consumers with priority for consumers
of the 1st category. The work describes main
functions performed by modern energy systems. It is
shown that nowadays solar power systems of
uninterruptable power supply are classified into three
types: independent; hybrid (combined); intellectual.
We have given the structural scheme of solar systems
power systems of uninterruptable power supply and
the features of their work. The article describes a
monitoring system, carrying out functions of control
and measurement of parameters of the power system
depends on its performance. The economic
performance of a solar power system has been
influenced essentially by the cost of solar and
accumulator batteries. The principal technical
characteristics of modern solar and regular batteries
of the best companies were compared. We have also
given recommendations for improving the operational
characteristics of solar energy systems of guaranteed
power supply, in which special attention is paid to
technical characteristics of the main functional
elements of the system, including electromagnetic
compatibility
Life Sciences
In this article we present information on features of
microcloning in culture of in vitro of perspective for
Eurasia, pink and white-berry table genetic grades of
grapes by I. A. Kostrikin, V. N. Kraynov and V. V.
Zagorulko. Researches were conducted at an input
stage in culture of in vitro of meristems of 0,1-0,2 mm
in size. At the majority of grades and forms, we noted
good regeneration abilities in the conditions of sterile
culture. It is bound to the fact that almost all the
studied grades: Anyuta, Bogatyanovsky, the Princess
Olga, Preobrazhenie, Anniversary of Novocherkassk,
Favor are received from crossing of couple the Mascot
× Sultana-ray grape. And only grades called Libya and
Lowland which showed lower regeneration properties
at stages of proliferation and rooting of shoots are
received from crossing the couple of Flamingo ×
Arkadya and (Talisman x Tomaysky) respectively. At
the same time, the grade of Talisman, being one of the
parents of the majority of the studied grades, showed
stable results at all stages of cultivation
The article presents the data of 40-year-old variety-trial
cultivation of hybrid black poplar and balsamic sections,
as a result of which addressed issues of selection range
of appropriate varieties, their cultivation technology,
aspects of agrotechnology and protection against pests.
At the same time, it absorbed and non-forest land
reclamation funds, in particular sandy and shell, lowhumus,
floodplain soils. As a result, the five-year variety
trials found that under the conditions of the Eastern
Azov on humus shell rock underlain by low-mineralized
groundwater on accessible depth for roots (up to 150
cm), the most highly productive and are stable clones of
Euro-American poplar: Brabantika-175, Sanrau-59, a
Moshnyi-236 and 195 , Bahel, ZS-33 Vernirubens,
60001/1, Caroline-162. In terms of growth, they are
superior to the local Canadian poplar and other varieties
of poplars. Resistance to environmental and biological
factors of the environment most highly productive
species and varieties of poplars are much higher than the
low productivity. Culture of poplar planting might create
unrooted plants directly on the silvicultural area, which
reduces the cost of rooting plants at the nursery, their
digging and transportation and provides a high survival
rate. Culture of poplar are used for the afforestation of
poor sandy forest-steppe zone arrays, often introduced as
the main breed at shelterbelt afforestation
The article presents the indicators of the protective
afforestation of the Central black earth region, biometric
growth index, agricultural and environmental impact of
forest belts, efficiency of agroterritories
27 introduced variety samples of rice from 8 countries
were studied by the complex of biological,
morphological, agronomic traits to select the most
valuable genotypes for including them into breeding
programs on development of cold tolerant rice
varieties. It was found that the studied introduced
varietal samples were characterized by variation in
duration which varied from 120 to 182 days. Variety
samples from Bhutan ATTEY, PARO DUMBJA
(White) had shown response to photoperiod and the
panicles didn’t appear in conditions of Krasnodar
region. During the study there were selected high
productive forms Obongbueo and Tinbubueo from S.
Korea with grain weight 81.67 g / vessel and 74.43 g /
vessel, respectively. According to results of research
there were selected five cold tolerant samples Tong
Jing 29 (China), Giza 178 (Egypt), Istigbol and
Mustagillik (Uzbekistan), ZAKHA (Bhutan),
evaluation result of which were on the same level with
those of standard check variety Kuban 3, as well as
those of samples with increased resistance IR83222-
F8-14 and IR83222-F8-156 (Philippines), PARO
DUMBJA (White) and THIMPHU DUMBJA
(Bhutan). As a result of research there were selected
three introduced rice variety samples Tong Jing 29
(China), Tinbubueo (S. Korea) and SR 30084-F8-156
(Philippines) which by duration, morphotype and
agronomic traits are considered as candidates for
further hybridization and breeding as sources of useful
traits and properties
Early-ripening white cabbage has a special place
among the vegetables cultivated in Kuban region. It
opens the pipeline of vegetables from the open
ground and is supplied to other regions at a time
when shortage of vegetables of domestic production
is felt the most. Modern producer requirements to
domestic hybrids are the highest - product quality,
uniformity and productivity should not concede to
foreign analogues. Ways to improve the quality of
early ripening hybrids: development of lines based on
modern foreign hybrids, high uniformity of lines by
morphological and economic traits. Development of
male sterile lines and dihaploid lines in culture in
vitro can more successfully solve the problem of
quality of early ripening hybrids. The use of the
above methods and approaches helped develop series
of inbred lines - gene sources for complex agronomic
traits. On the vase of obtained lines promising earlyripening
hybrids were developed. One of the hybrids,
Ritsa F1, entered the State register of breeding
achievements. Advantages of the hybrid: earliness,
uniformity and high marketability of heads, high
productivity. According to results of contest trial new
hybrid Milana F1 is passed for State trial, this hybrid
has high productivity potential for growing in sale
cropping. Both hybrids were produced with the
participation of male sterile line Dt46f, resistant to
fusarium. High quality seeds of these hybrids were
produced in a greenhouse in direct crop for a wide
industrial and environmental testing
Numerous studies have found a different quality of the
buds along the length of the fruit arms, which expressed
various degrees establishing embryonic inflorescences in
the central buds. It is revealed that many of the grapes
have more fruit-bearing eyes formed on average (4-6
knots) and upper (7 to 10 knots) levels of fruit escape,
compared to the lower (1-3 nodes) layer. In connection
with the different quality of the buds along the length of
fruit vines should be used and different ways of cutting
them. It is necessary to consider the biological
characteristics of varieties, ways of doing and shaping
the bushes, the weather conditions of the area during the
growing season and relative calm. To receive annually a
stable high yield of grapes, we must first set the optimal
length of pruning fruit shoots and optimal load on the
Bush healthy eyes. This requires for each class on the
eve of trimming bushes to carry out the analysis of the
wintering holes along the length of the fruit shoots and
to identify the embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds,
i.e. to carry out the prediction of grape yield next year.
The article presents data on the formation of the
embryonic fruitfulness of Central buds of wintering buds
at the Taman group of grapes – Arcadia, Viorica,
Hibernal, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Moldova, Pinot
white, Riesling, Saperavi, Traminer pink, Tsimlyansky
black, Chardonnay. Found higher rates of embryonic
fruitfulness of Central buds buds in the studied grape
varieties - Chardonnay, Riesling, Viorica, Hibernal,
Merlot, Moldova, where the coefficients of fruiting
ranged from 1.40 m from Riesling to 1.69 from Merlot;
factor productivity of 1.58 from the Chardonnay to 1.77
from Merlo. The high percentage of fruitful buds from
80,8 from Cabernet Sauvignon to 95.6 in the cultivars
Merlot and Chardonnay. A higher percentage of eyes
with 2 embryonic buds in the cultivars Merlot and
Viorica who have this indicator amounted to, respectively: 75,6 and 70.6%. Forecasting a crop of
grapes next year to trim the bushes on the proposed
method will provide a full crop of grapes
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article deals with a political crisis in the Kalmyk
khanate and the departure of the part of the Volga
Kalmyks from South Russia to the borders of the
Jungar khanate at the beginning of the XVIII century.
The dramatic events of 1701–1702 which were caused
by a race for power in a khanʼs family or by an attempt
of «palace revolution» are considered in chronological
sequence. This conflict was used by the representatives
of the Kalmyk ruling elite who were dissatisfied with
the khan Ayukaʼs policy and interested in the change
of the political power. But the support of the tsarist
government given to the Kalmyk khan ruined the plans
of the conspirators and some part of them embracing
15 thousand of nomad tents moved on to the territory
of Jungaria. This event which cardinally influenced on
the alignment of forces in the Oirat society
considerably weakened the Kalmyk khanate and
correspondingly increased the population size in the
Jungar khanate
In order to describe the state of the power vertical in
Kalmykia an analytical review of the Constitution of the
RSFSR in 1937 and the Constitution of the Kalmyk
ASSR in 1937 was made in this paper. The study reveals
features of construction of the vertical of the supreme
bodies of state power. The conclusion is that the system
of construction of the vertical of higher authorities,
establishes a sign of a unitary form of state-territorial
structure
The article investigates the activities of public-political
organizations of the Donetsk region, defended the idea
of federalization of Ukraine and integration with
Russia. A review was done for similar organizations
operating in the region since the early 1990-ies to
2014. Based on the research activities of these
organizations, the authors come to the conclusion
about the regularity of the split of Ukraine in 2014,
however, they believe that the separation of Donbass
was not only due to the activities of separatist
organizations, but first and foremost, because of the
policy of the Ukrainian government
The article deals with the problem of assessing the
quality of land settlements of Krestetsky uyezd in
Novgorod province since the time of cadaster
descriptions of Novgorod land to fieldworks of
Russian soil scientists. The comparative aspect studies
information of cadastres in the middle of the XVI
century, Economic notes to the General landsurveying
of the Russian Empire in the second half of
the XVIII century and "Soil and Geological essay of
Krestetsky uyezd" at the beginning of the XX century.
Due to this research a database included information
about the settlements having existed in the territory for
centuries, with the description of land quality and
fertility was compiled. The analysis revealed that
according to field studies, mechanical and physical
composition of soils in Krestetsky uyezd within the
same soil type was very diverse. General land
surveying described soil based on the predominance of
muddy substances, sand or clay, but at the same time
the characteristic of grain yields played an important
role. In the XVI century the categories of good,
medium and poor lands could have the lands with the
same composition of the soil, and the probability of it
was especially strengthened by the prevalence of
certain soils in the region. However, at the micro level
of individual settlements of graveyards certain
regularities in land assessment shown in the objective
signs that can be identified on the country are traced.
The graveyards of Derevskaya pyatina included in
Krestezkiy uyezd deals with such objective indicators
as worsening assessment of the quality of land
including the availability of various types of clay
which are subsoils of many local soils
The authors have devoted some of its controversial aspects,
which have been going on for decades in the scientific
community, namely, the time-frame of the Civil War, its
causes and about the time of its beginning. In addition to
these issues, the article is considered the relationship
between the socialist parties and their participation in the
civil war, the role of foreign intervention in the case of
incitement to war and, finally, the reasons of the defeat of
the White movement. The authors did not set out to
elaborate on all four stages of the civil war, and focused on
the examination of its first phase, covering the period from
the end of May to November 1918. The main object of
consideration the question arose about the beginning of the
Civil War. The authors dwell on the various points of view
expressed in this historical science, argues with those of
them who, in their opinion, do not withstand scientific
scrutiny. They speculate about details of alternative
embodiments of the historical process, try to consider the
option that could have been avoided civil war, if there was a
coalition of socialist parties and come to the conclusion that
such a coalition was impossible and it looks ephemeral. The
authors dwell on the consideration of the role that is played
in the raging civil fratricidal war, foreign intervention. They
rightly point out that it is military intervention exacerbated
and intensified civil war, has extended its time frame, the
number of dead and wounded, even more glowing civil and
class hatred
The article deals with the problem of transgression of
Kazakhs of Bukey horde on the territory of Lower
Volga frontier. Transgression of the frontier territory is
a way to adapt to the new conditions of existence. The
author pays attention to Bukey horde, where the new
frontiry space is formed by the interaction of the
various ethnic groups. Having come to the new land,
and interacted with the Russian people and the Russian
authorities, the Kazakhs turned out in the alien cultural
landscape. Kazakhs` mentality is being changed
against the background of the collapsing patriarchal
way of life. Bukeyev inhabitants life was transformed
by the alteration of social norms. The way of life of
Bukey Horde was changed and they had to adapt to
new realities. The author of the article gives examples
of Kazakhs` transgression using archival date
Social Sciences and Humanities
FUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SELF-SUFFICIENCY OF LOCAL RURAL COMMUNITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
This article analyzes the current problems related to
socio-economic support of local government and
increasing the effectiveness of local social services.
The authors believe that the foundation of rural
communities form: local finance, municipal property,
property that is owned by the state and transferred to
the control of local governments, as well as other
property to meet the needs of the municipality. This
article discusses the principles of economic selfreliance
of rural communities. And also states that the
basic foundations of the socio-economic self-reliance
of rural communities is the local budget. For example,
Dinskaya district is considered the law "On the
financial bases of local self-government in the Russian
Federation." The paper substantiates the necessity of
searching the rural communities of other sources of
funding. In the transition to a market economy, leading
direction should be given to commercial projects of
local governments, which will be used to execute
programs in the field of social activity in rural
communities - Economic Development
This article considers the value of inventories for accounting
and analysis. The purpose of the analysis of
material resources is to increase efficiency of production
through rational use of resources. Its inventory
can optimize and improve the organization as a whole
The aim of this study is to develop a set of theoretical
and methodological tools of the provisions on the
formation of economic analysis and assessment of the
level of risk management in agricultural business
structures to support their choice of management
techniques
There was considered the development of the theory of land rent, were shown the historical stages of formation of the institute of land rent in retrospective. There were cited the views to determine the rent-forming factors and formation
of the mechanism of land rent of founders of the theory of land rent – physiocrats, U.Petti, D.Ricardo, A.Smith, K.Marx, A.Marshall and other authors. As the result of study of various concepts, attitudes, methods of development of institutions
of land ownership, land rent and land payments there was made a conclusion that the land rent presents as methodological basis of determination and development of all institutions of economic regulation of land relations; in market economics the objective rent relations must appear in land tax, in rent payment for land and price of land. There were determined the discussion regulations of modern interpretation of land rent – connection of rent with elasticity of supply of production factors; classification of land rent on types; inclusion of land rent in production costs and price of produced commodity; change of land rent in the results of investments into a land plot. There was substantiated the necessity to continue the research of land rent concerning to peculiarities of modern period of development of land relations
In the conducted research a special attention was paid to the study of the tax accounting creation for the newly created organizations. It is reasonable that the process of creation of the accounting for the taxation has to be considered in connection with the financial one. Such research methods as monographic, logical, inductive and deductive were used as a methodical base. A perspective unified conception of accounting creation by the managing subjects was offered by the authors. It allows organizing properly the theoretical and methodological base of accounting space in the company. This recommended conception consists in step-by-step passing of designated and interdepended accounting creating stages. At realizations of these stages it is possible to reach the optimum organization of tax accounting by the taxpayer. In the process of the research the authors have distinguished the external and internal factors which influence the accounting formation. The tax risks arising under their influence are defined, and control procedures of their reduction are presented. There are given possible models of conducting the tax accounting which allow the enterprise to choose and realize the best way of drawing up the tax accounts. The tools of the tax accounting models embodiment are presented and the parallel of their optimum combination is drawn. The considerable attention is paid to the formation of the accounting policy for the taxation, as to the final stage of accounting organization at the enterprise. Sections of accounting policy with their main elements distinguished are designated by the authors. As the result of the research it is established that the passing of the recommended accounting creation stages will allow the taxpayer to systematize, unify and structure the process of tax accounting organization and to reduce the tax burden and possible tax risks
Nowadays, competitive advantages of oil companies are in many respects determined by globalization of the economic life. For large oil companies, the process of globalization does urgent increase in their competitiveness due to diversification, attraction of financial resources of cost reduction of production due to release of the standardized products and economy at a scale; by using more close business connections with other entities, with banks for creation of entrepreneurial networks, etc. In the article, the major factors which influence competitiveness of the international companies of an oil and gas industry are revealed, their features are provided, and also the analysis of practical Russian company experience of PJSC «LUKOIL» including SWOT – analysis of strong and weak points of the company is provided. Methods of management of competitiveness of the foreign companies "Royal Dutch Shell" and Exxon Mobil, and also their achievements for the last years are analysed. The conclusion is drawn that the modern situation in the market dictates the requirement for increase in innovative activity of the company as the main instrument of ensuring high level of competitiveness and generates need of the solution of a number of new tasks for the organization and managements of innovative activities of the Russian companies on the example of PJSC «LUKOIL»
The article is based on the concept of forecasting cash
flows, there are examples of tabular processor
Microsoft Excel when you select the curve of
prediction based on the comparison of the value of the
reliability of the approximation of the selected models
The article deals with main aspects of accounting
in animal breeding. The organization is based on
the principles of accounting automatization such
as personnel optimization, increase of accounting
efficiency and specification, which provide the
formation of complete and accurate information.
Animal breeding is one of the most important
branches of agriculture which strongly affects on
its economy. Animal breeding part including dairy
and beef cattle in structure of the value of gross
output of agriculture is more than 55%. To
increase production's efficiency of agricultural
goods it is necessary to improve organization and
management of production which is directly based
on accounting data. Nowadays the construction of
an automated system of managerial cost
accounting in the main production (animal
breeding) of agriculture requires taking into
consideration industry-specific production
features and the owners' of such business priority
demands. Complete and relevant information of
accounting which contains data of labor, material,
other costs movement and quantity and value of
obtained goods (services) is the base to make
appropriate decisions in management. Automated
detailed costs accounting in the main production
(animal breeding) is necessary for the owner and
the managers to compare actual costs with goods
output
There was shown the necessity of achievement of
criterion of food safety of the RF. There were
formulated the main aims and tasks of state agrarian
policy of Russia. There were appeared the main tasks
of the Doctrine of food safety. There was given the
characteristic of qualitative condition of Krasnodar
region lands – liability of erosion processes, decrease
of humus content. There was proven the first-priority
necessity of transition from zonal system of land
management to adaptive-landscape one. The theory of
adaptive-landscape was determined as a basis of
innovation technology of agricultural commodity
production growth. There was formulated the problem
of development of methodology of ecologicaleconomic
justification of the transition of the
agricultural sector of the region to the adaptivelandscape
system of agriculture. Using GIStechnologies
there were used the areas due to types of
lands and degrees of erosion processes in limits of
three natural landscapes. There were cited the naturalclimatic,
soil and ecological peculiarities of natural
landscapes I, II, III. There were offered the ecological
coefficients additionally characterizing the types and
degree of erosion processes. There was calculated the
ratio of lands – arable lands: forest: meadow in limits
of natural landscapes. There was done the ecological
–economic assessment of arable land crop rotation
recommended by the “System of land management of
Krasnodar region” in 2015. Recommended for natural
landscapes field crop rotations per 1 ha of arable land
provide the annual value of gross output of 32.3 - 37.0
thousand rubles, net income - 11.5-12.9 thousand
rubles, the levels of profitability - 52.4-55.4 per cent.
The proposed crop rotations provide a positive
balance of humus. Further studies are needed to
clarify the methodology of design of adaptivelandscape
farming systems, the development of
fodder and special types of crop rotations, agrocomplexes
design of erosion control measures,
differentiated by natural landscapes and agricultural
landscapes, considering the type and intensity of
erosion processes are required
In this article we substantiate the necessity of the
development of controlling of organizational and
economic methods, including forecasting tools, the
development and management of decision-making,
and others. Controlling service is central to the
development and implementation of organizational
and economic methods to achieve the goals set by
management. However, quite often the controlling
service has a different name, justified by the history
of the organization. To resolve this paradox, we
begin with a discussion of the content of the terms
"controlling" and especially "Controlling
organizational and economic methods". We discuss
the role of "controlling service" in the management
of organizations and enterprises, as well as territorial
and municipal entities. As an example of the
controlling instrument of organizational and
economic methods is considered an automated
system of forecasting and prevention of aviation
accidents, the use in this system the expert
technologies and quantitative risk estimation
methods. We consider this system as a controlling
tool in the management of safety, while customers
and performers do not use the term "controlling" in
the official documentation of this project. In
accordance with the Presidential Decree of 21
August 2012 № 1199 one of the 11 integrated
indicators of the executive power is the indicator
"estimate the population of the executive
authorities." Its use in controlling in the field of
strategic management of regional and municipal
entities was proposed to carry out on the basis of
solidary information economy (the former name -
the informal information economy of the future),
developed by us from 2007. We give the basic ideas
of solidary information economy. However, the
term "controlling" is not always used in relation to
this subject. The same applies to researches related
to organizational and economic modeling of
innovation and development of innovative systems
The baking industry is a strategically important
industry for the state. In low profitability of
production, insufficient renewal of production base of
the baking enterprises we are seeking ways to
modernize and improve efficiency. To solve these
problems the authors propose the improvement of the
system of business management based on the concept
of controlling in which the factors influencing the
development of the bakery industry, serve as the
baseline for strategic planning and operational
management. They define necessary conditions for a
comprehensive update of the industry. The article
presents the factors influencing the development of the
bakery industry, classification of these factors and
indicators characterizing them. It examines the
interaction of external and internal factors, the
necessity of considering the influence on the activity
of the industry factors such as consumers. The
peculiarities of the impact of the most important
industry factors in their relationship. A comprehensive
assessment and the effects of the factors considered in
the implementation process of the controlling system
will allow companies to control costs, evaluate risks,
reveal the inner potential and to use available reserves
The problems of formation and realization of strategy
of modernization of Russia in the new conditions of
increased economic and socio-political turbulence
were the focus of attention of participants of the
XXXI International scientific-practical conference
called "Economic and legal aspects of the
implementation of the modernization strategy of
Russia: the search for models of effective social and
business development", which carried out its work in
the period of 5-9 October 2016 in Sochi. The main
organizers of the conference were the Krasnodar
regional public charitable Foundation "Scientific and
educational initiatives of Kuban", Krasnodar branch,
Financial University under the Government of the
Russian Federation, South Institute of management
(Krasnodar). Important role in ensuring the scientific
quality and representativeness of the conference, as
well as in organizational and scientific and
methodological assistance to its holding had the
support of Financial University under the government
of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Economics of
Krasnodar region, Central Economics and
mathematics Institute of Russian Academy of
Sciences, the International political and economic
associations, Krasnodar regional branch of all-Russian
public organization "Association of lawyers of
Russia", Krasnodar regional educational public
organization "the Society "Knowledge". In the work
of this conference representatives of economic science
in higher education from reputable Universities in
Russia and South macro-region took part, as well as
legal scholars, sociologists, and businessmen; the
international level of the conference have confirmed their participation by scientists from Canada. The total
number of traders amounted to more than 70 people,
including more than 50 doctors and candidates of
Sciences. During the work of the scientific forum
there were plenary and sectional meetings, organized
round tables and other discussion platforms
Through monitoring of the normative base of accounting and taxation, we have proved that the main and legitimate tool for optimizing the tax base and finding available sources of financing investments is the accounting policy of the business entity. The article explains that the amount and level of financial performance of a company depend from methods for assessment of certain types of assets and liabilities established in the accounting policy; and the methods of depreciation are one of these elements. The authors present the analysis of methods of calculating depreciation under accounting and tax accounting, from the point of view of their impact on the financial performance of the organization and tax optimization. The subject to accrual of depreciation was the primary means, listed as a part of a gas industry company in the Krasnodar region. The authors substantiate the choice of the research subject as a significant share of fixed assets in the total amount of capital organizations in the industry. The article reveals the essence of the methods of depreciation in accounting and tax accounting; it presents calculation formulas for each method. On the example of a particular fixed asset we have the depreciation calculation for the entire term of its useful use. The authors analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each method and identify the most preferred financial indicators and optimize the tax base for tax on profit of the subject of the research. Moreover, the article reveals a concept of "bonus depreciation", depreciation calculation under the condition of its application, the possible consequences of its use for the organization. This study addresses the concept of differences resulting from transactions with fixed assets, the reasons of their appearance and procedure of accounting. The authors of the article prove the conclusion about the direction of the most preferred embodiment of the depreciation policy for companies working in the gas industry
The problems of import substitution in the Russian
Federation in whole and in such industry as winemaking
and wine-growing in Krasnodar region are
considered in the article. There was analyzed the
designed in Krasnodar region plan of measures for
promotion of import substitution - road map. There
were presented the objectives and indicators in the
framework of the program «Development of winegrowing
and wine-making subsector» of the state
program of Krasnodar region «Development of
agriculture and regulation of agricultural product
markets, raw materials and food». There was presented
the legislative initiative on amendments into the
Federal law «On state regulation of production and
turnover of ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcoholcontaining
products and about restriction of
consumption (drinking) of alcoholic products». There
was substantiated the necessity of improvement of
excise taxation in the context of implementation of a
policy of efficient import substitution
The article deals with systemic aspects of business
innovation infrastructure. The substantiation of the
necessity of its formation and development as a system
with the required emergent effect is given. Projection
of system group regularities, such as interaction,
hierarchical ordering, feasibility, development,
entropy, on the processes of the innovative
infrastructure formation and development has been
studied
Sustainable development of rural territorial communities is the most important scientific and practical task of further development of economic activity and stability of agro-industrial complex. The effectiveness of the solution to this problem is largely determined by the optimal and rational use of IC manufacturing, financial and employment potential of rural areas. Currently, rural areas are the most important spatial and complex socio-ecological and economic education, which accounts for almost the entire volume of AIC gross output and the bulk of the working population of rural areas. However, rural areas are characterized by a high rate (an average of 1.3-1.7 times) as compared with urban areas. It is here, recorded a lower level of employment of labor and income of the working population, not fully resolved the individual socio-economic and demographic problems of rural development, not yet formed a stable agricultural management mechanism and non-productive areas. For this reason, markedly increased scientific interest in the research of theoretical, methodological and applied aspects of sustainable development of rural territorial communities. In the article the technique of an estimation of stability, development and sustainable development of rural municipal areas, applied aspects of further economic and social development and well-founded proposals to overcome the risks of instability and functioning of rural territorial formations
The authors of the article indicated the relevance of
the research, the essence of the subject and the
conditions for achieving stable existence of a market
economy. The theoretical issues of economic security
are considered. The threats associated with abuse of
authority by audit companies and private auditors are
described. The examples of fraudulent schemes in the
international practice of auditing activities as well as
criminal prosecution in the Russian Federation are
given. The article reveals regulations on quality
control audit of financial statements, both in the
world - MCA № 220 "Quality Control Audit of
Financial Statements", and in Russian - № 7 "Quality
Control for Audit assignments", approved by the
Government of the Russian Federation , September
23, 2002 N 696., as well as the Federal Law of
30.12.2008 N 307-FZ "On Auditing." The authors
revealed the content of the reporting of audit firms
and private auditors, they marked the distinctive
features of their structure and the procedure of the
preparation. The methods of improving control
measures for auditing and greater economic security
are specified, the priority factors that affect the life
conditions of the company and the ways to achieve
an efficient concept of economic security are shown
The authors of the article indicated the relevance of
their research, the essence of the topic and the
conditions for achieving stable existence of an
economic entity. The article is devoted to the changes
in the accounting order of cash transactions in the
Russian Federation which was introduced on June 1,
2014 in accordance with the CBR instruction № 3210-
U. It marked the reasons for the ongoing monitoring of
all changes in the legislation because of their significant
amount and high level of control over the activities of
the organization taken by the state. The theoretical
issues of changed rules of cash transactions are
considered, the differences, their advantages and
disadvantages are indicated. The examples of the
effects of changing the provision № 373-P on the
instruction № 3210-U on the tax burden of economic
entities are given. The article provides the main reasons
and moments that led to the changes in the rules of cash
transactions. The requirements relating to individual
entrepreneurs and small businesses that were abolished
are given. The general structure of the changes that
were made in the new instruction of Central Bank of
Russia №3210-U 2014 in comparison with the last
provision of the Central Bank of Russia № 373-P is
analyzed. The article describes the results of the
changes in the new instructions of the Central Bank of
Russia № 3210-U, which affected businesses, that
obtained remissions, which is very important for those
who work without employees
Economic efficiency of raw material resources use in the subsector of dairy cattle breeding of livestock branch while cultivating of young growth in agricultural production in Krasnodar region is the most priority activity of economic entity. In the conditions of economic crisis the question of the cost and qualitative components connected with purchase and domestic manufacturing of material and raw resources to use while cultivating of young growth of cattle in the dairy subsector of cattle breeding is especially actual. This article brings up some issues related to the economic efficiency of the nutritive base for young cattle growing, determination of food structure and its proportion in the total expenses at the purchase of forage for cattle. The research has been carried out on the base of a particular agricultural organization and a set of economic entities situated in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Some ways of forage supply in the organization under research are considered in this article in the framework of the Government program on promotion of import substitution in agriculture in the 2014-2015. On the basis of the conducted studies the priorities for improving economic efficiency in the use of food supply as one of material resources of the economic entity are identified as the material resources of economical entity
The overall performance of the company is largely
determined by the efficiency of production processes
carried out by them. In this sense, the model
estimation of efficiency is one of working out in detail
of the model of the production process. Accuracy,
flexibility and sensitivity of the valuation models
depend strongly on the completeness of the accounting
features of the production model. In the literature,
examine various approaches to the assessment of
economic efficiency of production processes. Many of
them are characterized by localizing assessment in
relation to specific industries or areas of industrial
activity. The disadvantage of such approaches is their
poor tolerance to the valuation model in other local
areas, such as agriculture. To overcome this problem,
we propose to carry out the differentiation of the
components of the production process, based on the
classical approach, but allowing to take into account
the distinctive characteristics of agricultural
production. For agricultural enterprises are defined the
characteristics of the production process. The authors
proposed a generalized model that allows assessing
the efficiency of production processes in various areas
of industrial activity. In the proposed model there are
shown superimposed on the manufacturing process
constraints. To ensure the continuity of an estimation
of efficiency of production processes into the model
we have introduced components that transform the
characteristics of a production subsystem into the
characteristics of the economic subsystem
Moral risk is presented as actions of economic agents
to maximize their own utility at the expense of others
due to inequality of information and differences of
interests, manifested in changing the behavior of one
of the parties to the contract. The moral risks in the
banking activities are divided into two groups: the
moral risks within the Bank; the moral risks posed by
the external environment of the Bank. It is established
that in the case of inappropriate opportunistic behavior
of personnel who directly or indirectly violates the
terms of the contract, the Bank often does not have
monitoring capabilities. A list of typical methods of
dealing with moral risk arising from the activities of
the Bank was created. The article substantiates the role
of Bureau of credit history (BCH) as the organization
that performs the collection, processing, storage and
dissemination of information on credit histories of individual
citizens, such as information about the balance
of debt or credit lines, events of default on the
loan, history of payments, bankruptcy. A group was
proposed for specific methods of dealing with moral
risks - measures to neutralize the moral hazard related
to the activities of the staff. One of the most problematic
aspects associated with the moral risk of the Bank
is their assessment. In fact, in modern conditions the
banks are unable to assess the level of risk and threat
resulting from the actions of moral risk and, respectively,
the consequences of them
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article considers theoretical and methodological
bases of pedagogical axiology in the educational
environment of the Chuvash Republic. Three stages of
its formation are briefly indicated. Current challenges
in relation to universities are discussed from different
points of view. Conceptions of philosophy of
education as a theoretical and methodological
framework of the cognitive algorithm for foundation
and explanation of the essential features of the holistic
person are clarified. Propositions of pedagogical
axiology in the field of higher education are identified
and defined. Characteristics of elite education are
considered. It is stated that social and cultural potential
formed in the University space of the region is the
basis for predicting the social development taking into
account appropriate understanding of the personality
and his/her culture. It is shown that evaluation of the
evolution of education is possible together with
analysis of the discipline of philosophy in education.
Examples of the practical implementation of
pedagogical axiology elements in the educational
space of the Chuvash Republic are given and
systematized
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article was written in the mainstream of modern
Lingua-cognitive research and is dedicated to the
analysis of precedent texts created by a group of
languag- personality of a high school student, as well as
intertextual meaningswhich have been updated by signs,
misleading by precedent texts and demonstrating
category of artistic values of language groupe
personality of the student. The main methods of
precedent texts studies, were continuous sampling of the
material, linguistic experiment and semantic-cognitive
analysis. The study was made on a material of texts of a
educational online communication. The analysis results
were 1) identification of the main structural components
and content of student precedent texts of online subdiscourse;
2) the classification of the group of precedent
texts student linguistic identity, including modern
phraseological units; 3) The consideration of the
phraseological transformation of units in the online
discourse; 4) the definition of the role of new borrowing
in the current phraseologisms student community.
The goal of the phraseological transformation is a
student a data encoding of lexical units in order to enrich
the student sub language, giving it brightness and
imagery. This conclusion fits into the general tendence
of modern contact process and cognitive linguistics
Social Sciences and Humanities
With ongoing climatic changes in the background the
tendency to increase the frequency and intensity of
manifestations of natural hazards in more parts of the
Russian Federation has been observed. The
agricultural nature management is most sensitive and
reliant on natural factors capable to cause it an
extensive material damage. Thereby a detailed study of
the natural hazards and risks, which can put the
greatest negative consequences for conducting
agricultural activity, is required. Analysis and
visualization of spatial-temporal dynamics of the
unfavorable climatic phenomena can be successfully
implemented through modern geographical methods –
GIS-technology. In proposed study, the software
product ArcGIS as the basic working tool has been
chosen, which allowed integrating into a single
information environment the electronic spatial oriented
maps and databases. In the capacity of model object,
which is clearly demonstrating efficiency of the use of
GIS-technologies, in the article the territory of the
southern taiga of Western Siberia is presented. The
currently compiled GIS project by a team provide a
formation procedure of the geodatabase by types of
natural hazards, a digital cartographic basis and the
process of filling the attribute tables necessary data
and information with a detailed quantitative
characteristic. The multi-aspect spatio-temporal
analysis of the agro-climatic parameters with the use
of GIS technology, has allowed characterizing the
southern taiga of Western Siberia as the territory with rather high extent of manifestation of dangers of
natural character. The resume on the rational use of
GIS technology for a comprehensive quantitative
assessment and integrated regional analysis of
agricultural risks of natural origin are proved
The main goal of this article is to pinpoint some main
to our mind problems of tourism in the Krasnodar
region and Russia, such as charter programs to
Krasnodar region and Russia absence, visa application
difficulties for foreign tourists
Social Sciences and Humanities
This article is devoted to the study of the essential
features and properties of the sources of international
law from the standpoint of the general theory of law.
The author reveals the factors that influence the
process of law-international, draws attention to the
specific features of the subjects of international lawmaking,
especially, how to create the right sources,
analyzes the problem of correlation between sources of
international law and national sources of law
The article defines the acts of corruption as a factor affecting
the external security of the country, given the
scope of public relations, which are affected by corruption.
We have displayed historical overview of corruption.
On the example of the recent political events in the
world, the article shows a destructive impact of corruption
on the constitutional arrangement of a number of
near countries and far abroad. The work defines the effective
role of the psycho-physiological study of polygraph
in detecting accuracy of information in the fight
against corruption in the Russian Federation. The use of
polygraph to improve anti-corruption policy of the state
opens up new possibilities in the fight with the worldwide
scourge of corruption. The work gives basic preventive
function to psychophysiological research on polygraph
in the organizations fighting against corruption in
Russia. The article analyzes the draft law "On the application
of the polygraph in the Russian Federation", which
is currently being introduced in the State Duma. Based
on the study of the projected rate, we have made conclusions
about the need for research on a polygraph in detecting
corruption risks in the case of appointments of
civil servants from the activity of which depends on security
and international prestige of the Russian Federation
The article deals with the historical causes and conditions
of corruption in Russia and some foreign countries. The
concept of corruption in terms of the current legislation is
briefly studied with the aim of proposing legislative
initiatives in future to expand the definition of concepts:
corrupt behavior; corruption; corruption offense and a
crime. The work outlines the key features of act of
corruption, its devastating impact on the sovereignty and
security of the state. Particular attention is paid to the
spiritual and moral component of occurrence of corrupt
behavior in society, as well as its impact on social,
political and economic development of the state. The
study determines the destructive force of corruption as a
factor of destabilization of the economic and political life
of the society and the country, as well as the impact of
this effect on the international credibility and external
security of the state. In the article on the example of the
political events taking place in the countries of near and
far abroad, it is stated that corruption is the main cause of
internal and external wars. The article identifies
proposals for the improvement of the current anticorruption
laws of the Russian Federation, taking into
account the basic principles of the rule of law, in order to
prevent internal and external destabilization in the
country, as well as to strengthen security and the
international prestige of the state
Social Sciences and Humanities
In this article there have been examined the aspects of
the citizens patriotic education in the Russian
Federation. The role of the patriotic toys is regarded as
an instrument of patriotic education of the rising
generation. The historical experience of the production
of such kinds of toys in former USSR and now in the
Russian Federation shows that there is a connection
between the state ideology and the range of
manufactured patriotic toys. The main home industry
producers of toy soldiers are considered and the
characteristics of their output are given. The up-to-date
problems in this area are identified and measures to
improve the situation by means of state support for
home patriotic toy producers are proposed
The article is devoted to the evaluation means of
formation of professional competence, provided by
traditional and innovative methods of control. The
main differences between competence, knowledge and
skills are examined. It expands one of the major
challenges of high school, which consists in bridging
the gap between "Knowledge" paradigm of teaching
content and professionally meaningful results. We
describe the changes that have occurred after the
transfer of knowledge and skills approach to
competence, manifested in the shift from learning
content to the results of the training activity. Also the
differences between the Federal state educational
standards of different generations are considered in
detail. The article deals with the system-activity
approach as the basis of Federal state educational
standard of higher education and its effectiveness in
the implementation of the goals established by the
standard. Also the main components of the educational
process which have their own characteristics in the
system-activity approach are discussed in detail. It is
about teaching methods that can be applied within the
framework of the components described for the
formation of various professional competences.
Particular attention is paid to control, description of
various innovative control methods that help evaluate
the level of professional competence development. The
analysis described training methods and control
methods which allowed revealing which methods of
control are able to assess the level of professional
competence. The analysis described training methods
and control methods, which revealed what methods of
control are able to assess the level of professional
competence development
Health Sciences
The aim of the study is to compare the traditional
clinicopathologic factors and prognosis of cell cycle
parameters, such as ploidy, cell cycle kinetics, as well
as the study of DNA content in the tumor tissue of
patients with esophageal cancer. Cancer of the
esophagus - a very aggressive malignant disease, most
commonly manifested impaired swallowing. As a rule,
this type of cancer pathology is characterized by
unfavorable outcome. Ploidy and cell proliferation
activity, defined by the content of the DNA of the
tumor - synthesizing cells are one of the important
indicators of the growth rate of malignancy and
prognosis. The study was performed on tumor tissue
fragments of the 30 patients operated on for cancer of
the esophagus. DNA study - conducted in the open cell
material aftercare. DNA cell content was determined
by flow cytometry BD FACSCanto II. By studying the
DNA-cytometric parameters, we found the prevalence of aneuploid tumors in 66.7%. It was shown that DNAcytometric
parameters are independent of gender.
Major weight of diploid and aneuploid cell tumors of
the esophagus was in G0 / 1 phase of the cell cycle.
Comparative analysis of DNA - cytometric parameters
and the degree of differentiation of esophageal tumor
revealed a prevalence of aneuploid tumors in all the
test cases. content distribution pattern of tumor cells
was found in the G0 / G1-, G2 + M -, S - phase of the
cell cycle at different stages of the disease
Health Sciences
In this study, the authors have defined the acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity of Uritosom preparation, and also its skin-irritating and sensitizing action. The studies that determined the acute toxicity of the drug Uritosom found that remedy which intended for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the genitourinary system with internal method of appointment during the entire observation period did not cause the death and acute toxicity in laboratory animals. In the study of subchronic and chronic toxicity of the drug Uritosom throughout the observation period in both experimental groups death and acute intoxication in animals not registered, also there were no negative phenomena in behavior, reflexes were saved. Consequently, the preparation according to the degree of impact on the body of warm-blooded animals refers to low-hazard substances (4th class of hazard according to GOST 12.1.007-76). Study of the irritant action of Uritosom preparation was carried out in two series of experiments. In the first series of experiments was determined irritating action by conjunctival swab sampling method, in the second - by skin application. The study of the sensitizing action of the drug was determined by the method of maximum sensitizing effects. The authors have found that the preparation has no irritating and sensitizing effect on the tissue in its application zone. On this basis, Uritosom preparation at different ways of application is low-toxic and it can be recommended for clinical research
That article is of interest to practicing veterinarians. Currently, the biggest obstacle in the development of dairy farming is infertility at cows, which is caused by the presence of diseases of the reproductive organs, most of which is occupied by acute and chronic endometritis. The frequency of occurrence of chronic endometritis at cows reaches high levels, from 10 to 66.3%, averaging 14%. One of the direct causes of chronic endometritis is association of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms and fungi. Many chemotherapeutic agents which are designed for prophylaxis and treatment of acute postpartum endometritis do not give a high therapeutic effect in the treatment of chronic endometritis or amount and frequency of application drugs is very high. Analyzing the data, the authors developed a new drug which has fungicidal and antibacterial actions - Florinazol. The experiments showed that the use the Florinazol preparation in combination with myotropic, pathogenetic and vitamin preparations gives 90% of therapeutic efficiency, while the frequency of administration of the drug was on average 3 fold, and the duration of treatment was 5 days
In this study we show the results of the use of natural mineral compounds in metabolic disorders in cattle-breeding complexes of industrial type. According to official data for 2013-2015, based on the biochemical analysis of blood of cattle, that was held in some farms of Samara region, significant metabolic disorders were determined due to decrease in total protein level on 31,5% in average, decrease in alkali reserve – on 26,9% of samples, decrease in calcium concentration – on 40,7%, decrease of the phosphorus – on 8,1%, decrease in carotene – on 81,7% and glucose – on 84,3% of studies. Clinical examination of herd revealed a high level of animals with obvious signs of mineral metabolism disorders (osteodystrophy and rickets of alimentary origin) and comorbidity (nutritional anemia, gastroenteritis, pneumonia, disturbance of protein, carbohydrate and vitamin metabolism, and others). The use of complex natural compounds improves the efficiency of the traditional complex of treatment and prophylaxis, causing an increase in the total concentration of calcium in the blood serum on 10-55%, increase in calcium-phosphorus ratio till 1,27-2,3, increase in annual growth rate of young animals’ body weight on 8,2-44,8%, increase in milk production on 5,9-16,3%. Preparations have an antianemic action, normalize indicators of micronutrient metabolism of proteins and carbohydrates, enhance non-specific resistance factors and prevent the development of non-contagious internal pathology
There are numerous reports about the possibility of
sensitization to tuberculin animals when infected with
pectoris and Rhodococcus and it is considered to be
expedient to create one monoallergenov to
differentiate allergic reactions. In this context, the
spread of pectoris and Rhodococcus in nature, the
general physico-chemical and biological properties of
mycobacteria, increasingly emerging reports of a
possible sensitization of the microorganism, require a
detailed study of them in order to determine the
specificity of allergy
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article investigates the psychological sovereignty
of the individual at the stage of its development. The
most striking of these steps is the period of
adolescence. A study of psychological space of the
individual is made to the example of children being
brought up in his own family and children living in
foster families
Social Sciences and Humanities
The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors
affecting the process of interaction, the nature of relationships
and everyday life of the Russian and Belarusian
communities. Use the ideas of the system, interactionist,
phenomenological and sociopsychological
approaches. The empirical base totaled
questionnaire data of the Russian population of the
Krasnodar Region; secondary analysis of sociological
data of Russian and Belarusian research teams.
Knowledge of the factors and content of the mutual
influence of ethno-cultural practices of Russian and
Belarusian ethnic communities will help to predict
the interactions and facilitate their consolidation and
integration
Social Sciences and Humanities
Parallel cultural space is a phenomenon within
heterotopia. All cultural processes and phenomena,
taking place there, operated by special laws and
regularities. The author substantiates the fact that the
nobility in Russia XVIII-XIX centuries is a special
time-space with features of parallel cultural space. In
particular, a comparison with other privileged strata of
the population of the Russian state, the analysis of
internal processes and phenomena proves this fact.
Originating in the XII century, among the younger
princely nobility went quite a long way in the
formation of a special service estate. In the XVIII
century is its final form as an aristocratic layer Russia,
and the author argues that it is from this time can be
observed heterogeneity of the space in which the
nobility and there. His positions, access to the broad
cultural, political and social benefits provide excellent
conditions for the separation of the nobility in a single
cultural space, which, in turn, determines the new
phenomena. This fact forces us to take a fresh look at
the problem in a certain culture formation development
in the environment for cultural security problem and
reveals the principles of heterotopic spaces functioning