№ 126(2), February, 2017
Date issued: 28.02.2017
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Classic quantitative measure of the reliability of the models: F-measure by van Rijsbergen is based on counting the total number of correctly and incorrectly classified and not classified objects in the training sample. In multiclass classification systems, the facility can simultaneously apply to multiple classes. Accordingly, when the synthesis of the model description is used for formation of generalized images of many of the classes it belongs to. When using the model for classification, it is determined by the degree of similarity or divergence of the object with all classes, and a true-positive decision may be the membership of the object to several classes. The result of this classification may be that the object is not just rightly or wrongly relates or does not relate to different classes, both in the classical F-measure, but rightly or wrongly relates or does not relate to them in varying degrees. However, the classic F-measure does not count the fact that the object may in fact simultaneously belongs to multiple classes (multicrossover) and the fact that the classification result can be obtained with a different degree of similarity-differences of object classes (blurring). In the numerical example, the author states that with true-positive and true-negative decisions, the module similarities-differences of the object classes are much higher than for false-positive and false-negative decisions. It would therefore be rational to the extent that the reliability of the model to take into account not just the fact of true or false positive or negative decisions, but also to take into account the degree of confidence of the classifier in these decisions. In classifying big data we have revealed a large number of false-positive decisions with a low level of similarity, which, however, in total, contribute to reducing the reliability of the model. To overcome this problem, we propose a L2-measure, in which instead of the sum of levels of similarity we use the average similarity by different classifications. Thus, this work offers measures of the reliability of the models, called L1-measure and the L2 measure, mitigating and overcoming the shortcomings of the F-measures; these measures are described mathematically and their application is demonstrated on a simple numerical example. In the intellectual system called "Eidos", which is a software toolkit for the automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis), we have implemented all these measures of the reliability of the models: F, L1 and L2
In 1893, the French mathematician J. Adamar
raised the question: given a matrix of fixed order
with coefficients not exceeding modulo this value,
then what is the maximum modulo value can take
the determinant of this matrix? Adamar fully
decided this question in the case when the
coefficients of the matrix are complex numbers and
put forward the corresponding hypothesis in the
case when the matrix coefficients are real numbers
modulo equal to one. Such matrices satisfying the
Hadamard conjecture were called Hadamard
matrices, their order is four and it is unknown
whether this condition is sufficient for their
existence. The article examines a natural
generalization of the Hadamard matrices over the
field of real numbers, they are there for any order.
This paper proposes an algorithm for the
construction of generalized Hadamard matrices,
and it is illustrated by numerical examples. Also
introduces the concept of constants for the natural
numbers are computed values of this constant for
some natural numbers and shown some
applications of Hadamard constants for estimates
on the top and bottom of the module of the
determinant of this order with arbitrary real
coefficients, and these estimates are in some cases
better than the known estimates of Hadamard. The
results of the article are associated with the results
of the con on the value of determinants of matrices
with real coefficients, not exceeding modulo units
In the article we investigate the multicriteria task
arising at the organization of distributed calculations
in a corporate network. As a mathematical tool to
solve the problem we use prefractal graphs, which
naturally reflect the structure of relationships in
global and corporate networks. The corporate network
with the distributed computing system at the solution
of a particular task has to be reliable, quickly and
qualitatively to make decisions. And every computer
in the network should be a part in the solution of the
problem, since it is fixed for a certain function. The
problem is reduced to cover the prefractal graphs with
disjoint simple paths along the edges and vertices.
On the set of all admissible coverings we constructed
a vector-target function with specific criteria. All
these criteria have a specific meaningful
interpretation, allowing organizing the calculation of
maximum reliability, with minimum time information
processing and loading balancing between the
network elements. In the article we constructed
polynomial algorithms for finding optimal solutions
according to specific criteria. For the criteria which
are not optimizing the allocated coverings, estimates
of the lower and upper bounds are given. For all the
algorithms we constructed and substantiated
estimation of computational complexity, confirming
the advantage of using algorithms on prefractal
graphs to classical algorithms on graphs
The article continues the cycle of their studies
associated with the formulation and development of
methods of construction of nonnegative solutions of
inverse problems for dynamic systems. In this article
the authors formulated and investigated inverse
problems for dynamic systems: model of Samuelsson–
Hicks. The technique of constructing non-negative
solutions of the studied inverse problems. This method
is based on the following scheme of the solution. First,
we have to identify the formulation of the direct
problem, then the formulation of the inverse. This
work investigates how correct the mathematical
models describing the dynamic economic system are.
Further, in the specified tabular solutions of the direct
problem, we have built a system of algebraic equations
containing the unknown estimated parameters of the
studied model. Then posed inverse problem is reduced
to solution of a problem of quadratic programming, the
solutions of which are defined in MS Excel. The
theoretical material is accompanied by the specific
example
Atmospheric currents on Jupiter and Saturn are
characterized by turbulence and complex vortex
structure, which is caused by a large angular speed of
the gas giants. In this paper we consider two types of
eddy currents - for hexagonal in the northern polar
region of Saturn and the Great Red Spot in the
equatorial region of Jupiter. For the numerical
simulation of turbulent flows of this type the model of
the planetary boundary layer was developed by the
author. In both cases, the main strengthening
mechanism is associated with geostrophic flow of
small amplitude interacting with the planetary
turbulent boundary layer. For hexagonal Saturn with
its characteristic length scales and speed - 120 m / s
and 14,500 km, respectively, there are more than 35
years data of observation. We have found that a small
axial symmetry violation geostrophic flow in the
shear causes the development of a hexagonal pattern
in a turbulent boundary layer. In addition, under the
influence of the Coriolis force and the eddy viscosity
gradient in the turbulent boundary layer there is the
jet formed, pressed against the lower edge of the
layer. Great Red Spot on Jupiter has the characteristic
velocity and length scales - 150 m / s, 14,000 km
from north to south and 24000-40000 km from west
to east, there are already more than 350 years data. It
identified another mechanism of formation of vortex
flow, coupled with the strengthening of small
amplitude zonal flow in a turbulent boundary layer
with the eddy viscosity gradient and the volume
turbulent viscosity on a rotating planet. Both
mechanisms are confirmed by numerical calculations
of non-stationary planetary boundary
layer
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Theoretically and experimentally, we investigated the
process of adjusting the pH of natural water of
hydrocarbonate class electrodialyzer with bipolar
membranes with channel length of 40 cm. We
experimentally measured concentration of
components, pH of the solutions in alkaline and acid
channels of electrodeposition depending on the current
density. The article describes a mathematical model
for long channels; to scale the mass transfer
characteristics of the process there was applied and
verified a method of compartmentalization, which
gave the possibility to calculate the dependence of the
component along the channel length at different
velocities of flow of the solution. Numerical
calculations were compared with experimental data on
electrodialyser of 10 cm and 40 cm length
Life Sciences
The influence of reduced iron nanoparticles and its oxide Fe2O3 on the growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris IFR # S-111 added to the Tamiya nutrient medium is studied. In the range of concentration of additives 0-0,1 g/l (gram per litre) an oxide inhibited the growth of microalga already when its content in the environment 6,25*10-3 g/l. With the increase of reduced iron concentration in the first twenty-four hours in the whole range the growth of the cell concentration of microalga was observed. With a maximum iron concentration of 0,1 g/l the density of a chlorella exceeded the control for 70%, and in 48 hours for 150%. The microscopy hasn't shown morphological changes of a chlorella cells with addition of the nanoparticles to nutrient medium. Accelerated reproduction of the microalga cells became the result of the intensification of the photosynthetic processes, as indicated by the nature of the parameters of delayed fluorescence (DF) of chlorophyll and shapes of the induction curves. The maximum level of DF in all experimental samples after 24 hours of cultivation was significantly higher than the control, and photosynthetic activity increased with increasing concentration of nanoparticles. In 48 hours the maximum activity was observed at concentration of nano iron 0,0125 mg/l, then decreased. It shows that with an intensive growth of a chlorella the potential of nutrient medium was quicker exhausted that led to decrease in intensity of photosynthetic processes
In the article we present the results of comparative researches of herbaceous covering of plant communities in the alpine zone of the Republic of Dagestan on the example of Dido- depression. The plant covering of the investigated region differs in extraordinary variety. The general regularity of plant distribution is vertical zones. There were made 6 ground profiles at different elevations from 1450m to the alpine zone at 2500m above sea level. Variety of phytocenoses is connected as with changes of ground conditions, so with environmental conditions. We have researched and identified the types of grounds with laying of grounds profiles on the vertical zonality. There we studied the specific composition of herbaceous plants on the examined ground and given names to plant communities. The studying phytocenosis are analyzed by productivity of functional groups. We have shown the share of each species and their abundance. Of all plant communities, the mass of herb differ dominates. The composition of plant communities is analyzed, depending on high-altitude grades and degree of anthropogenic load influence
Physical Sciences and Engineering
One of important features of development of modern society is special attention world the public to problems of rationality and efficiency of use of the existing energy resources, universal implementation of technologies of energy saving and search of renewable energy resources. Gradual depletion of world reserves of oil, increase in prices for traditional motor fuels, adverse ecological situation and other factors prove the relevance of more urgent use of the available resources and works promoting development of this direction. Deterioration in a global ecological environment requires adoption of more strict requirements imposed to the fuel used in an agro-industrial complex. According to the principle of cost accounting, each entity can rely only upon itself and consume only the resources it has. It is known that fuel costs constitute a considerable part in an expense structure of agricultural enterprises. In this case, the reduction in fuel consumption can be achieved through improved processes of fuel mixing and fuel processing (fuel dearomatization, ultrasonic treatment, magnetic, electrostatic and electromagnetic processing). Bench tests of a diesel engine equipped with an experimental device for ultrasonic treatment, showed good results, confirming the relevance of the use of such devices. Devices for processing are compact enough and consume little energy, while having a sufficiently high coefficient of performance. Having small size and relative simplicity of design that does not cause complex technical issues in production, these devices can be used on virtually any type of equipment that is used for the solution of agricultural problems. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the economy of the diesel fuel when ultrasonic treatment on the example of the motor transportation enterprise
Production ecological control is an integral part of the
national environmental monitoring system. The article
describes the results of production ecological control of
impurity of groundwater drawn from wells in the
territory of the Tuapse refinery and presents a situational
plan of wells layout in the Tuapse refinery. Analysis of
groundwater was represented from 2012 to 2016 with
their content (mg/l) of oil, phenols, plumbum, chloride,
and anionic surfactants. We have revealed the excess of
oil products and phenols and developed measures to
reduce concentrations of these substances in the
groundwater refinery in Tuapse
The accumulation of free radicals in the human body
in excessive quantities is one of the reasons that are
known to cause many dangerous diseases and aging.
To reduce the negative impact of free radicals to the
body is possible through regular consumption of food
products enriched with nutritional and dietary
supplements containing natural antioxidants such as
phenolic compounds, vitamin C, vitamin E and β –
carotene. Scientists of federal state budgetary scientific
institution "Krasnodar research Institute of storage and
processing of agricultural products" have developed a
technology for production of food additives from
secondary materials generated during the processing of
apples and pumpkins. The article presents data
characterizing the antioxidant and antiradical activity
of food additives derived from secondary plant
resources developed and known technology. It is
established that the antioxidant activity determined by
the amperometric method, and the antioxidant
(antiradical) activity, determined by DPPH method,
supplements, "Powder apple" and " Powder pumpkin"
obtained by the developed technology, is almost 1.5
times higher in comparison with antioxidant and
antiradical activity of food additives, obtained by
known technologies, because of higher content of
antioxidants in the developed supplements. It has been
established that the expression of antioxidants and
anti-radical activity of food supplements obtained from
secondary resources on the developed technologies,
can be positioned in a number of (descending):
"Powder from the seeds of grapes" → "Apple powder"
→ " Pumpkin powder"
The article discusses the use of regression methods of
forecasting the deterministic time series on the example
of the load curve. Forecasts of the load curve of
electrical equipment are the demands of consumers and
their security in EPS. All predictive tasks are based on
prediction models. Electricity consumption is happening
on an electronic level; storing electricity on an industrial
scale is impossible, the consumption depends on many
random factors. Therefore, generally, we use a
combination of mathematical and heuristic models. This
is the daily task of power systems and many technical,
economic and commercial decisions on the management
regimes depend on its solutions. Development of
methods of forecasting of the energy consumption in the
system of decision-making today is one of the priority
directions in the Russian power industry. Therefore, the
work associated with the development of methods and
algorithms of forecasting of power consumption in the
power sector is still relevant
For the design of rotary-film evaporators of the
technology for food production we need summary
tables of performance parameters of the process. To
obtain them it requires a significant amount of
experiments that require a large investment of time and
resources. Therefore the actual task is reducing the
cost of designing of the technological process, due to
the choice of optimal parameters of the rotor-film
evaporator. This problem can be solved by conducting
a small series of experiments aimed at identifying
general mathematical dependences of the parameters
of the processes of evaporation on the performance of
the device. Based on the obtained dependencies it is
possible to find design and selection of evaporators.
The study proceeded from the assumption that the
maximum thickening of the initial solution in the
evaporator, it is possible while achieving the
maximum possible temperature, the filing of the
original solution in the apparatus and performance
during repeated evaporation and infusions from the
fruits of chokeberry. The calculation is performed
taking into account the prevention of adhesion of
evaporated solution on the walls of the apparatus and
the rotor blades, which may reduce the quality of the
end product. The data confirm the effectiveness of the
method of repeated evaporation on the example of
concentrating the water-alcohol extracts of black
chokeberry
Analytical survey has revealed that technologies of
flaxseed oil processing used nowadays are able to
produce technical flaxseed oil if the output is high and
food flaxseed oil if the output is low. The objective of
this work is to reason the most effective method to
increase the output of food flaxseed oil while keeping
its quality high. In this article a comparison has been
made between single cold pressing of flaxseeds
without preliminary preparation with microwave
processing, as well as traditional (conductive) heating
with traditional heating under vacuum. The object of
the research is samples of flaxseeds (high quality
variety VNIIMK-620 which contains 56.28% of
linolenic acid in its fatty acid composition. It has been
established, that the use of preliminary microwave
processing enables to increase the output of oil
compared to a single cold pressing without any
processing, whereby the mass content of oil in oil cake
can be reduced by 2.2%. At the same time the
indicators of acid number and peroxide value are
increased by 0,05 mg KOH/g and 0.37 mmol of
active oxygen/kg correspondingly. Preliminary
traditional heating of seeds before cold pressing
enables to increase the output of oil, though not
considerably, compared with preliminary microwave
processing. At the same time the changes in acid
number and peroxide value are similar to cold pressing
with microwave processing. The use of vacuum when heating seeds in a traditional way does not influence
the output of flaxseed oil but enables to decrease acid
number and peroxide value to the level which is
characteristic for the oil in original seeds. Thus, it is
reasonable to use preliminary microwave processing
under vacuum before cold pressing with the view to
produce food flaxseed oil of high quality in terms of
oxidative deterioration and the increase of its output
Currently, it is important to have a solution for
problems related to the prevention of potential
accidents and the minimization of technological risks,
particularly in the oil and gas industry, the number of
accidents in which remains at a high level. Causes of
incidents and accidents at hazardous production
facilities are often non-compliance with required
technological parameters, insufficient equipment of
the technological systems with safety devices and
automated control systems of processes. The article
presents a comparative analysis of the methods that
can be used in identification of hazards at different
stages of the life cycle of the technological object:
location, design, commissioning, operation,
reconstruction. In order to develop security measures
for the selected plant, we have used a method of
analysis hazard and operability (HAZOP). The object
of the study was projected technological installation
for obtaining of bitumen with 24 thousand tons per
year performance on raw material. For the working
group of experts we have step-described the order of
research dangers of specific nodes of the process
plant, including determining the adequacy of the
protective measures provided by the project and the
development of recommendations on elimination of
the revealed deviations and to reduce the effects of
their manifestation. The most harmful deviations of
process parameters during operation of the
installation were found. We have proposed hazard criteria of operation, taking into account the
probability and severity of deviations of
technological parameters. We have also confirmed
that the HAZOP method allows not only to identify
the causes of hazards and consequences of their
implementation but also to develop recommendations
for their elimination
The role of transport in agricultural production
is significant. It is the connecting link in the
technological chain of the agro-industrial
complex (of the APC). On-farm transport in the
APC together with cars and tractor transport are
widely used. The rationality of the use of
wheeled tractors for farm transport substantiates
the possibility of their movement on asphalt and
on dirt roads. The specific gravity of the tractor
transport in the domestic agriculture is 22-27%
of the total volume of transport and 50-60% of
the volume of farm traffic. A high level of use of tractor transport has been observed in the
countries of Western Europe and the USA. In
the farms of leading countries of Western
Europe (Germany, Italy, France, etc.) about 70-
90% on-farm transport of agricultural goods is
done by tractor transport. Tractor transport in a
live environment is running on roads with
varying terrain, a wavy profile cover, on soils
with different hardness and humidity. When
driving vehicles at high speeds, the trailer is
wobbling from side to side, constantly
accompanying tractor transport during its
operation. As a result, it is bad for propulsion,
transmission, and it deteriorates the dynamic
performance properties of equipment, working
conditions of the operator. To reduce the
amplitude of oscillations of the trailer, the
operator is forced to work strenuously with the
steering wheel or to slow down the speed,
which in turn affects operator fatigue, as well as
the performance and maneuverability of the
vehicle. Thus, advanced technologies in
electronics, sensor technology and software will
determine the nature of agro-technical
innovations and will lead to increased
automation of business processes in crop
production with the aim to organize the work
more effectively, efficiently, accurately,
environmentally friendly and economically
feasible. When working with intelligent
technologies, understanding the development of
high-tech, precision engineering requires a
revision to the personnel policy and education
in agriculture, which should be based on the
relevant organization of farms and their proper
new type engineering solutions
The aim of the research was the theoretical
justification of the main design-technological
parameters of the experimental milking apparatus with
an overhead milk removal from the collector. The
milking machine comprises teat cups, collector,
pulsator, milk hose, and vacuum. The manifold is
formed with an upper withdrawal of milk by means of
a vertically mounted suction tube. The upper end of
which is located in the output region of the milk tube,
and the bottom – in the bottom of the milk camera
collector. The article presents the results of theoretical
studies on the analytical substantiation of structural
and technical parameters of the milking machine. It
presents graphic dependences characterizing the
convergence of results of theoretical and experimental
studies of the milking machine
Present article is devoted to research of sorption
properties of various filtering materials. The various
types of filters, such as fabric, frame, granular filters
are considered. The principles of work of each type of
filters, feature and difference them from each other are
considered. The conditions of their application are
investigated. Process of filtering through a layer of
granular loading also is described. The physicochemical
parameters of some granular materials
including sand, hydroanthracite-Р, granite road metal,
volcanic tuffs, and expanded vermiculite are given.
The comparison of oil capacity of some materials is
considered at their use as a filtering material and oil
collectors. We have described sorption features of
activated carbon, used as a filtering material for
clearing waters of petroleum and petroleum. The
article has a conclusion about their prospects and the
efficiency of application when fighting with petroleum
pollutions
The railroad warehouse has most important role in the delivery process of fertilizers to agricultural consumers. It acts as logistics intermediaries. The analysis of material flows has been done on the example of a typical provider of mineral fertilizers in the South of the Rostov region (CJSC «Zernogradagrohimservis») for the last 6 years. Income values and implementation values are varied during the year synchronously for all fertilizers types with the exception of a few months at the beginning and the end of the year. During most of the year the enterprise operates as a negotiable warehouse. In January-February and October-December ammonium nitrate accumulates as a seasonal inventory for the spring peak of implementation, in the rest of the year its reserves are insurance. Stocks of other fertilizers types are insurance stocks for most of the year, in May-July occurs a slight accumulation of their seasonal stocks. A significant portion of mineral fertilizers (especially ammonium nitrate) is delivered for small enterprises and individual farms by cars of this provider. According to the supply contracts, a one-car-run is performed for the vast majority of customers. Routes of delivery of fertilizers are either radial or pendulum (with reverse idle mileage). Therefore, the optimization of the delivery of fertilizers does not seem possible by methods such as obtaining the shortest route network, consolidation of suppliers for consumers, etc.
The article presents a constructive-technological
scheme of leaf separating apparatus for harvesting tobacco
leaves. We have performed a theoretical analysis
of the process of separating tobacco leaves from the
stalk. The dependences characterizing the trajectory,
speed and acceleration of an arbitrary point of the cutting
edge of the drum were obtained
Results of engineering and scientific search of
improvement of resource-saving machine technologies
of finishing and cleanup processing of cars details,
development of new camps and technologies are
presented. The possibility of low-frequency
fluctuations with big amplitude can be implemented
due to assembling flat or curvilinear elements on
external surfaces of the relative screw reel. The use of
computer modeling enabled us to obtain a relative
screw drum that provides not only giving movement to
loading masses with a big fluctuations amplitude, but
also compression of loading masses in the process of
their motion from loading to unloading. In such
machines increase in processing efficiency is reached
not only due to achievement of great movement
amplitudes values of the loading masses, but also at
the cost of compression of loading masses in
processing and intensity increase of their mixing. The
scheme of the machine for continuous processing with
mechanization of separation of details from working
environments particles is provided. Results of
researches of quality and surfaces micro hardness
change processed in the offered machines designs
show that details processing time makes 3-6 min
The article presents results of studies of the present state
of mechanization of tobacco harvesting. The aim of the
research was to assess the state of the technical
equipment of the tobacco farms in the current economic
conditions. We have performed an analysis of the
technologies of harvesting tobacco. Main problems of
harvesting tobacco leaves were shown. We have
analyzed the main constructive scheme of tobacco
harvesters used for different technologies of harvesting
tobacco leaves. The article gives main advantages and
disadvantages of the applied technical solutions and lists
tobacco harvesters used in foreign tobacco farms. A
disadvantage was the impossibility of adaptation to the
domestic types of tobacco. In the end, we have
developed a project for solving scientific and technical
problems of complex mechanization of technological
processes of preparation of plantations to drying process,
carrying out machine harvesting and preparing tobacco
leaves harvested by the machine. This involves three
stages. This will solve the problem of insufficient
technical equipment of production of raw tobacco
Water is the most important substance of the composition of all living organisms on our planet. Active industrialization of society has led to an increase in the amount of water consumed for the needs of the economy and to increase the volume of poorly treated sewage. In the twentieth century, during the arms race, the United States, the USSR, Britain, France, China, in the tests of nuclear weapons, the deuterium content in groundwater and surface waters has increased significantly. Formed in nuclear fission neutrons loose, falling into the nucleus of a hydrogen atom form a deuterium atom. In the last 70 years, the deuterium content of water bodies has increased by almost 30%. Natural ponds and rivers no longer cope with self-purification of polluted water. In most regions of the country there are restrictions on the use of natural sources of water for drinking and bathing. Only the rare mountain springs and meltwater mountain tops glaciers have pristine purity of water with a low content of deuterium. There is reliable information about the harmful effects of heavy water on biological objects and the possibility of reducing the deuterium content in tap water by technical means. A method of producing so-called "protium" steam distillation of water proven in practice is based on the famous kinetic isotope effect difference of light water boiling temperature (100 С) and heavy water (103 С), but this method is characterized by higher energy costs. It is not economically justified. Another method of forming the light water is electrolysis, which in spite of the considerable power consumption has prospects of implementation. Our job is to create a viable water separation technology with a different isotopic composition. The resulting improved technology for water with DDW will be widely used in the production of beverages and a variety of other foods
In the work we have developed a structural modeling
of the optimal choice of information security devices
in the design of automated systems in the protected
execution in the transition to network centric methods
of control of troops and weapons
Long-term storage of fruits can be achieved by means
of their special preparation by pre-treatment before
storage by electromagnetic fields of extremely low
frequency (ELF EMF). In the current study patterns of
influence of ELF EMF pre-treatment of fruits on the
effectiveness of reducing microbial contamination
during storage for the development of effective
technological modes of preparation of fruits before
storage are revealed. Qualitative and quantitative
characteristics of microbial contamination of the fruits’
surface were studied. Effective modes of fruits (apples
and pears) treatment by ELF EMF were established -
for apples: frequency - 22 Hz, current - 10 A for 40
minutes, and for pears: frequency - 26 Hz, current - 5 A
for 50 minutes, allowing to reduce to the maximum
extent the microbial contamination of their surface, and
also to reduce the loss of their weight from microbial
spoilage during storage. The terms of storage of
processed by ELF EMF fruits under refrigeration were
established - for apple varieties Idared and Golden
Delicious - within 8 months, for pear variety
Conference - for 7 months
Life Sciences
The impact of anthropogenic pollution on soil
phytotoxity and on triticale plants in Vladikavkaz
suburb was investigated in the work. The objects of
the study were sod-gley leached soils and different
varieties of triticale plants. The research was
conducted in 2010-2011 at the Department of Biology
of Gorsky State Agrarian University. The article gives
data on microelements content in soils and plants
within the range of influence of Vladikavkaz industrial
enterprises. There was a marked change of
miroelements’ mobility in soil and activity of their
penetration into plants during fertilization. The sort
characteristics of microelements’ accumulation in
vegetative mass of triticale were researched. The
conducted research is informative for soil and plant
condition monitoring in anthropogenically polluted
environment. The work indicates the increasing danger
of microelements (including heavy metals)
accumulation in soil and their inclusion in biological
cycle in concentration that is too toxic for plants,
animals and people during the usage of fertilizers,
especially their high doses. The most dangerous
among heavy metals are mercury, cadmium and lead.
We used MPC rate of excess to estimate the content of
these metals. The results of the research can be used in
soil and cereal plant condition monitoring and
diagnosis and in development of regional
environmental regulation
The article analyzes the main factors of the negative
impact of pig farms on the environment, for the
characteristics of which are used criteria such as
emissions of ammonia, methane, nitrous oxide, dust,
loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in manure output, feed
consumption and water consumption, economic
evaluation, capital costs of reducing emissions,
operational cost. The technical level, resource and
energy consumption in the production of pork have
been analyzed in a comparative perspective. The
necessity of implementation of best available
techniques in order to ensure environmentally oriented
production growth has been provided. The importance
of the development of technology selection algorithm
and clarification the basic criteria for the selection has
been emphasized. Also, there was detected the role of
technical regulation for the prevention of excess
pollution. The necessity of a comprehensive approach
was proven for the implementation of NDT in the
framework of environmental and industrial policies.
Implementing NDT will provide the ecological
modernization of pig production, which is confirmed
by the experience of European countries, successfully
implementing the concept of NDT from the 70s of the
twentieth century. At the same time, not only
economic measures should be used (exemption from
pollution charges, grants and subsidies), but also the
administrative tools (based on a valuation of NDT,
integrated permits). Daylight technological regulation
will provide "green" economic growth and will
contribute to solving social and economic problems.
Implementation of the project is not possible without
the exchange of information, the definition of time and
economic characteristics of the implementation of
NDT, comparative analysis and classification
technologies to NDT. In 2017, it has already been
planned to publish the NDT reference "Intensive
breeding of pigs,” while the implementation of best
available technologies will become the basis of
ecological modernization of the industry. The
inclusion of the author to the technical working group
on development of the handbook "Intensive breeding
of pigs" allows to participate on-line in the discussion
of topical issues
The article presents results of the study of yield, mechanical composition and quality of bunches of newest white grapevine varieties called Artemis, Sauvignon tamanskii and Inkroche tamanskii, in the conditions of Taman in the Krasnodar region. The yield of the studied genotypes ranged from 10.4 to 13.3 t / ha: the highest yield was in Artemis, and the lowest – in Sauvignon tamanskii. The average weight of the bunch was in Sauvignon tamanskii (152 g), the variety Artemis had 143 g and Inkroche tamanskii had 130 g of bunch weight. The percentage of berries in clusters ranged from 95.3 in Artemis to 95.9 in Inkroche tamanskii and Sauvignon tamanskii. The ratio of fruit mass to the mass of crests was 20.3 in the varieties of Artemis and 23.5 in Inkroche tamanskii and Sauvignon tamanskii. In genotypes of Artemis, Sauvignon and Inkroche Taman Taman the weight of 100 berries was 200, 160 and 130 g, respectively, the mass of 100 seeds - 4.6; 3.1 and 2.9 g, the average weight of the pulp from the juice to the weight of the skin - 24.3; 19.5; 15.9. The percentage of pulp and juice in clusters of the studied varieties was 85,9-89,1%, and the ratio of pulp to juice to the solid residue 6,1-8,2. Yield of musts from the studied sample was 74,5-75,4%. The content of sugars in the berries (17,5-19,6 g / 100 cm3) was dependent on the yield, the characteristics of varieties and timing of the harvest, but the harvest was favorable for the production of beverages and wine materials
The need of improving the grain drying technology is
due to a significant volume of this operation, high
specific energy and high standards to preserve quality
of grain. In this regard, the development of new
technologies and equipment aimed at reducing the cost
of fuel and electricity, providing the preservation of
grain quality has essential meaning to reduce the
drying cost. Usually, the electrophysical effects on the
dehydrated material not only contribute to the
thickness reduction or destruction of the boundary
layers and increase the surface of phase contact, i.e.
they cause the combined effects of the intensification
of the drying process that is economically favorable
and they say for a broader practical use of
electrotechnologies. Method of grain drying using
microwave recycling in installations of active aeration
bunker type allows increasing productivity compared
with standard technology for up to 30% and reducing
process energy consumption by 17%
We have proposed the method of presowing processing of
seeds of winter wheat using a hydrophobic paraffin-wax
system of the new composition. Water protected paraffinceresin
coating has been used before for storage of garlic.
However, the paraffin coating were not applied to wheat
seeds and were not investigated their effect on
germination, growth and further development of plants of
winter wheat. This work has been done for the first time.
The ceresin wax is replaced by sunflower wax. New
component composition of the hydrophobic waterproof
coating winter wheat seeds: sunflower wax – 15-20 % wt
.; paraffin – all the rest of it. Sunflower wax is a surfaceactive
substance and has the properties of the plasticizer
and the dispersant of the dispersed structure of the
paraffin. The advantages of this coating: it protects the
seeds from moisture loss, regulates the timing of their
germination, contributes to the preservation of
accumulated nutrients, and enhances plant growth and
development; it increases the yield of wheat. In the field,
we have set growth stimulating ability of paraffin-wax
coating of winter wheat seeds of variety called Charade.
The resulting increase in yield was 20% (control of 52.6 с
/ ha), while maintaining the quality of grain. This use of
sunflower wax solves an important environmental
problem – disposal of oilseed production waste
Social Sciences and Humanities
For some of the Eastern countries - Turkey, Iran,
China and Japan - XIX century passed under the sign
of reform. Studying these countries today is important
and relevant. Such an experience could be a tool for
analyzing the reform aspirations of modern mankind,
which is especially valuable for those situations which
are determined by the trend of rapid economic and
technological progress. Hence, there is a certain
increase in interest of turkologists in recent years to
study reforms in Turkey deeply, especially the period
of the so-called "beneficent reforms" ( "Tanzimat-i
hayriye"), which lasted for more than thirty years -
from 1839 to 1876
Social Sciences and Humanities
The relevance of the theme of this article determines the fact that in modern conditions the sphere of housing and communal services, on the one hand, requires the immediate carrying out of complex modernization of communal infrastructure, and on the other hand, it has every reason to become a breakthrough for sustainable development of the domestic economy. The main elements of management in the sphere of housing and communal services the article defines the housing Fund, as well as many institutional agents engaged in its operation. It is established that housing and functioning municipal infrastructure have a significant physical and moral deterioration. Its presence negatively impacts on the quality provided to the population for consumption of housing services. We have identified the most significant factors and the degree of their influence on the development of innovative potential of the sphere of housing and communal services. The article substantiates the necessity of accounting these factors when developing economic and mathematical models for institutional agents of housing and communal services to make optimal decisions in conditions of uncertainty and enabling them to improve the quality of housing and communal services. Features of formation of economic-mathematical models were taken out of the scope of this article. We have defined a number of the most promising areas for carrying out of complex modernization of communal infrastructure of housing and communal services on the basis of introduction of new economic mechanisms, economic-mathematical models and instrumental methods that increase the quality of housing and communal services
The authors made an analysis of biotechnology firms,
working in medicine. In terms of the current direction
of Russian economy in the process of import
substitution, the researched topic of this article has its
urgency based on understanding that to build
competitive industries in the Russian Federation it is
necessary to examine and adjust experience of leading
states with certain achievements in pharmacology.
Implementation of industry development programmes
is possible not only through the active participation by
state administration, but also through understanding of
how overseas market participants operate. Thus, the
object of research is companies of the biotechnology
industry, the subject of the research are the financial
indicators in relation to industrial value chain
strategies. The United States market data was used
because of the availability of substantial sources of
information that are easier in intelligence conduction,
and also due to the fact that the experience of the
developed market economy can serve as a model for
understanding the work of the business and its patterns
for domestic entrepreneurs and public servants. Based
on analysis made with descriptive statistics and
econometric tools the authors demonstrated the
correlation between financial performance and strategy
of the value chain
The role of modeling in the knowledge of economic
reality and the formation of economic theory is shown.
Informational, instrumental, and communication
functions of the models are the most important ones in
the process of understanding of economic reality. The
urgency of increasing knowledge on economic models
and process of modeling of economic objects is
proved. In this regard, the need to address a number of
issues that are related to the field of economic
metamodeling is noted. The definition of economic
metamodeling as a field of knowledge and activities
associated with optimal formalization of the
philosophy, methodology and practice of development
models of functioning and evolution of the economy is
given. Economic metamodeling is considered as an
important factor in ensuring maximum adequacy of
the economic theory developed on the basis of the
wide use of models of the economy and society as the
object of modeling and research. The ideas about
philosophical, methodological and methodical bases
of modeling of economic phenomena are outlined; the
purpose and objectives of the economic metamodeling
are defined. Such principles of economic modeling as
basing on the common philosophical and
methodological basis presented in the metamodel of
social economy, recognition of the subordination of
economic models based on structural and functional
hierarchy, pragmatism, reality of the economic
models, the unity of semantic security models, and the
optimality of the layout models are formulated. The
task of developing of economic metamodel of the
society and the metamodel of economic modeling is
done
Economic and political conditions have a significant impact on the participants of Russian dairy market, which leads to a rise in the cost of attracting loans, a decrease in their investment activity as well as the efficiency of production and processing of milk. Special economic measures against a number of countries made it possible to relieve a niche in the domestic market by reducing the volume of imports of dairy products and should help in the building of its domestic production. The research results indicate the need to increase domestic production of milk and dairy products capable of equally competing with imports on quality and price with the support of the state. Our studies confirm the effectiveness of the implementation of investment project on organization of production of dairy products in Briukhovetsky district’s Ltd. "Harvest XXI Century". Through these measures, it will be possible to overcome the crisis in the shortest possible time and to ensure financial stability by boosting and expansion of existing production. As a result, the value of fixed assets of the enterprise will increase by 51 to 800 million. rub., the production facilities will be equipped with modern technological equipment, which has unique innovative features allowing to reduce the consumption of raw materials and automate the manufacturing process
In the article we consider problems of transition of an
economic system to the new technological way. Success
depends on degree of readiness of system for
institutional changes and availability of necessary
resources. Assessment of a condition of system plays an
important role in the choice of management decisions
on its upgrade. Delay with transition to new
technological way or, on the contrary, its stimulation in
system, not ready to changes, leads to serious, negative
consequences for the reformed economy. Change of
technological way leads to the release of capital which
goes to the financial markets, entering crisis chaos into
the system. The task of the state consists in timely
reaction on developed, during transition to new way, a
situation and the direction of financial flows in key
technologies of new way. The new system of
assessment of a condition of system and a stabilization
effort is offered during the change of technological way
In accordance with the Presidential Decree of 21
August 2012 № 1199 one of the 11 integrated
indicators of the activity of executive authorities is
the measure "real disposable income of the
population". For its calculation it is necessary to
measure the level of consumer prices. The article
presents the minimum consumer basket of
physiologically essential food products, designed in
1993 by the Institute of High Statistical
Technologies and Econometrics (IHSTE) based on
the initial data of the Institute of Nutrition of the
Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and the
results of measuring the cost of the consumer basket
IHSTE and inflation index in 24 years (1993 -
2017). We discuss the application of the developed
tools in Controlling of the level of consumer prices
and living wage. According to M. Orshansky, living
wage can be estimated by multiplying the cost of the
minimum food basket by a factor which is equal to
the quotient of all costs to the costs of food costs for
a poor family. This work is aimed at the elimination
of the monopoly of Rosstat in the calculation of
indices of inflation, the living wage and the real
disposable income of the population. The methods
of the measurement and the use of inflation
constitute an important part of training courses in
econometrics, which are taught in the context of the
scientific-educational complex "Engineering
Business and Management" of the Baumann
Moscow State Technical University. Nobel Laureate
in Economics Vasiliy Leontiev thought that only 1%
of economists analyze the newly collected data, 30%
use the data contained in the publications of
predecessors, and the rest did not turn in their
arguments to the real world. This work belongs to
the 1% of publications (which analyzes the newly
collected data), about which Vasiliy Leontiev wrote
The article discusses the necessity to consider industry
characteristics in assessing the financial status and
solvency of economic entities. The functioning of the
agricultural sector organizations is characterized by a
number of features including the high risks, seasonal
production, uneven cash flows from operating
activities, low profitability of the business and low
capital turnover ratio. Under these conditions, the
credit rating of the agricultural producers, based on an
analysis of their financial situation, is essential to
determine the risks associated with the impossibility to
return the principal sum and interest. Each bank
develops its own methodology for an evaluation of
the credit risks of the borrowers, taking into account
the credit policy and customer features. The study has
shown that the analysis of the borrower's financial
situation through a variety of factors underlies the
assessment of the creditworthiness. The article also
discusses the credit rating methodologies of the federal
and regional commercial banks. Their similarities and
differences are highlighted both by a set of the applied
indicators and by the recommended threshold limits.
The conclusion is that the current methodologies
insufficiently take the industry characteristics of
borrowers into account that increases the risks of loan
default. Applying an individual approach to the
evaluation of their financial status and taking the
industry characteristics activities and the development
effectiveness into account are recommended at
crediting of the agricultural producers
Based on a comparative analysis of the level of
productivity in the agrarian sector of Russia and the
leading countries in the world economy, the main
trends and factors affecting the growth of this indicator
were revealed. One the main reasons for low
productivity is the technical and technological
backwardness. In this regard, productivity gains can be
achieved by improving the employment and
organizational-technological innovation. We have
comprehensively illuminated the problem of labor
motivation. Based on our own researches and data
from agrarian scientists the ways of its strengthening
were traced. Also, there was highlighted highly
motivated work in the family farms, which is not just a
form of entrepreneurial employment based on private
ownership of the means of production and the use of
familial form of labor, but also the lifestyle of the rural
man. We must not forget that the main motivation to
work lies not only in its pay, but also in the education
of people and traditions. It highlights the role of social
support of rural youth and the need for radical
improvement of social infrastructure. For the selfassertion
of the individual, which is especially
important for young men, the person should see a
sense of ownership, initiative, independence,
participation in decision-making and the distribution of
income. These qualities are fully manifested in the
family livestock farms and other forms of small
business. Work on yourself is the most reliable social
protection
The study of the nature of many problems has to be the
place in the economy of our country has revealed a lot
of reasons and circumstances that trigger and
aggravate them. Here you should pay attention to
numerous gaps in the legislation, rooting the practice
of finding and using such spaces, the lack of proper
accounting and control over economic activity.
Provided freedom of enterprise often rests on the
inability of a large mass of participants of economic
relations to solve everyday economic issues, to ensure
a proper record of their activities, to present
objectively the results of their work, to eliminate the
appearance of contradictions. In the article the authors
point to the need to change the mentality of business
executives and companies in the direction of the
inviolable observance of legally established and rules
of business turnover. However, this requires a
considerable amount of time and effort in following
the course that is problematic. The authors point out
that the solution of the problem may be the proposed
accounting system based on an automated module with
the established algorithms and patterns of economic
behavior of business executives, which will rule out
the withholding of economic ties, a reflection of unreal
operations
The article deals with trends of development of the
banking sector in agro-industrial sector of economy.
It is confirmed that the Internet is a source of
information not only about the client, but also
information about bank, about problem points of its
growth. It is important that the bank was able to hear
the client, to change and to be responsible for the
mistakes. Important elements of feedback are
considered. The analysis of distribution of appeals on
channels of receipt is carried out. Important
principles of work with client on the Internet are
determined: openness and simplicity in work with
client; speed of reaction to publications; lack of tough
speech scripts; universality of specialists; individual
approach; innovation; management of flows of
feedbacks; promotion. The discount is provided for a
feedback of any tonality, it is gratitude to the
customer for the time which he doesn't regret for
writing of feedback about the company.
The department of client service will be able to react
to complaints of any tonality and to work with client
appeals of arriving from any sources such as phone
calls in call center, written complaints, and responses
from the website of the company because client
feedback through Internet resources as a source of
customer information and work of bank is important
It is noted that the grain market has a key influence on food supply in our country. Today, in the conditions of import substitution, many animal products continue to be received from abroad in large volumes, among which grain is a feeding base, although those products can be produced domestically with high profits. In recent years, our country has become a large grain exporter and had been set among the four world's largest grain sellers at the world market. Now, the main problem of the grain business has become not manufacturing but the effective management and marketing of grain sale on domestic and foreign markets. Under the "grain market", the authors understand an integrated mechanism covering the entire process of production - processing - logistics - marketing of grain products, ensuring access to the consumer. The authors note that today there should not be rigid boundaries in the management segments of the grain market, as all sectors of the market are technologically linked through a set of integrated activities. Also they are bringing up their model of functioning management of the grain market, which clearly demonstrates the basic blocks of the investigated production systems, their connections and relationships. The practical implementation of such cooperation promises to participants of the grain market to get a certain synergistic effect due to the systemic functioning of technological, logistics, marketing and other business relationships between all parties; as well as adjustments to price ratios and more sophisticated economic instruments for investment in that business
This article studies the dynamics of rice yields in the
Russian Federation; it analyzes the current state of
the rice industry in the agricultural organizations of
Russia and the Krasnodar region. The authors have
studied the main economic indicators of the rice
production and analyzed the production costs of this
crop. The analysis of the composition of the main
production costs allowed the authors to determine
and calculate the reserves to reduce the costs and
increase crop profits. Seed variety change and seed
production are becoming of great importance in the
rice production. In this regard, the article proves the
necessity of timely seed variety change. The
calculation of the basic reserves of cost reduction
contributed to the identification of the major
activities aimed at optimizing the functioning of the
rice industry as a whole
The article discusses the monitoring of labor in the pilot organizations. The monitoring of labor indicates that nowadays it is particularly relevant to introduce organizational innovations in the field of staff remuneration in order to stimulate the proper production behavior. The article deals with the problems of innovative development of the employee’s motivation in an unstable economic development. The authors proposed the technique of information provision of the management staff with natural and value indices of labor resources generated in IFRS. An effective system of motivation of the personnel is of a particular importance in a turbulent economic environment, because in a competitive environment the employer views the staff as an essential resource that determines the success of economic market agents. The greatest attention should be paid to the staff training and saving valuable employees that enables organizations to achieve high financial results. The main aspect of the solution of many administrative decisions is a science-based system for obtaining timely, reliable and cost-effective information on the use of labor resources generated in the accounting and analytical base of the organization
There were considered the controversial questions on correctness of different approaches to determination of land plot productivity, calculation of differential rental profit and their cadastre cost. There were given the different points of view on the formation of absolute, monopolistic and differential rent. There was analyzed the ratio of marginal product of land and land tax. There was established that the size of land tax is significantly lower than land rent and is at a medium quality of agricultural land 10, 3% of its level. Organizations with a high score of quality of locality and the ability to create differential rent II, pay relatively less land tax than organizations with a low score of quality of locality. It was concluded that at present a large part of the land rent remains at the disposal of agricultural organizations. The basis of valuation of land is land rent. A new methodology of cadastral valuation of lands does not account the general indicator of soil quality – a score of quality of locality. To determine the optimal level of rent is necessary to improve the technique of the state cadastral valuation of lands, compulsory registration of soil quality based on the score of quality of locality. Differential rent is formed at all sites when used in agricultural production, regardless of forms of ownership, is determined by the cost of production in relatively worse conditions, and peculiarities of formation of differential land rent in agriculture and to ensure equal opportunities for the introduction of agricultural production by means of withdrawal of land rent at employees who work in better conditions
One of the priority directions of development of the Russian economy, in terms of import substitution and maintenance of food security of the state is agriculture. Agricultural production is a complex, high-risk business that requires the most careful calculation and planning. The achievement of the objectives to improve production efficiency and reduce risks in the agricultural sector can contribute to the use of the design of controls, instruments, components of complex project management. Project management is an opportunity not only to use the existing internal resources of the enterprise, but also actively to attract additional investment. In connection with this topic is the use of project management elements or transition the agricultural sector enterprises from the classical management to project management is quite important. Partly to reduce the risks associated with the implementation of agricultural projects, and in some cases completely eliminate them, you can with the help of new information technologies in project management of agricultural production. This can greatly affect the quality and efficiency of management processes. More and more computer equipment and automation introduced in crop management processes to perform field work at the optimum time and progressively reduce costs and improve profitability. For example, the system "GEO-AGRO” helps organize all coming from various sources, information and process it to make decisions. Using the project approach more actively in the agricultural sector in conjunction with information technology is possible, first of all, with the state support of the agricultural sector projects. In addition, it is advisable to form the design thinking of farm managers. Implementation of these proposals will help to attract more investment and boost profitability for agricultural production
Social Sciences and Humanities
The ideology of the Russian statehood has essential
value both in connection with globalization
tendencies, and in connection with problems of
development of the Russian civil identity. In the
article we give an assessment of shortcomings of
ideological process of the USSR in connection with
the nihilistic attitude towards domestic spiritual
tradition. The main lines of traditional Russian
philosophy essential from the point of view of history
of ideological consciousness in Russia are considered
In the article we have observed the main theoretical
and methodological issues of European philosophy
streams in the second half of XX century, which
refused the image of philosophy as exact science,
based on logic conceptual tool. We have shown the
connection of poststructuralist formations and
structuralist scheme in creating «discourse typology»,
a new discipline which implies philosophy to be
considered as one of literature genres. Structuralists’
search starts from the description of invariable, static
structures that help to create separate pieces of fiction.
The latter are observed as isolated situations in which
these atomic structures are used. Such attitude, as
revealed in the article, results in two deductions. The
first considers literature having no specific features
compared to other types of discourse, i.e. it does not
exist as such. (Ts.Todorov) The second deduction
implies that being aware of the logical creation of any
meaning reader’s hermeneutics is seen as unnecessary.
These deductions resulted in a new scientific
discipline «discourse typology», developed by
structuralists. This stream was continued by
poststructuralists, i.e. strategy to «poetize philosophy»
is justified by the expansion of the object for science
cognition in the direction of not verifiable and not
rationalized, requiring separate methods of study as
well as description language. Consequently,
philosophical discourse becomes that very descriptive
language that helps to overcome «logocentrism» of
traditional thinking. Further in the article we consider
the main «logomachy» strategies developed by
J.Derrida, i.e. «deconstruction», «structure
decentration», «critics of transcendental significatum»,
«critics of structural properties of the construction»
The article discusses and explains the similarity of organizational, structural and functional «solutions» at different system stages of the evolutionary development presented in nature and society. It is shown that at any level of biological organisation transition to a new stages of evolutionary development is implemented not only via «classical» individual changes (adaptations) of the particular organisms, but also by means of: 1) integration of organisms into the new systems of «superorganisms», 2) the differentiation of their functions or the division of labor, and 3) the development of internal and external communication, integrated into the overall communication system, ranging from single cells to ecological and social communication. The article argues that the distinctive characteristic of the present stage of evolution is cumulative cultural evolution of complex social systems that support (scaffold) the development of their individuals, through learning processes. It is shown that such social systems still have structural and functional isomorphism with biological systems; however, their reproduction and transmission implemented predominantly through more developed in the human community non-genetic inheritance systems, the advanced division of labour and distributed cognition.
The problem of human freedom as an existential
phenomenon. It analyzes the current reality, where the
average person with a conformist attitude was unable
to speculate about genuine freedom. It reveals the
practical sense of philosophizing, as a necessary
process of formation of the inner freedom of the
individual
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article aims to show the problems, which a
researcher has to face during the analysis of the
Thieves’ Law. The Thieves Law is considered as a
synthesis of texts that can be decomposed into subsets
of smaller texts. The originals of such texts in various
languages were lost, and their later translations and
compilations made the analysis more difficult. The
synthesis of such texts is viewed through the prism of
generally understood Kabbalah, and the main
principle is an esoteric search for the "inner sense"
that is based on the algorithms and stereotypes in
criminal activity. The mental spaces of legal law and
religious systems give a reference space of the
Thieves Law by such approach. The parts of such
mental spaces contradictory to others are removed
from this reference space. Not only words but also
phrases, sentences, texts, and even sets of texts, any
multilevel signs at accidental and planned asymmetry
in form and essence become codifying elements in
sources full of allegory and parable. The analysis is
based on a synthesis of views by L.N. Gumilev, U.
Eco, and O.V. Leszczak
The authors of this article affect the actual topic of
the use of foreign words in the media, which is
inevitable in our time due to changes in the state
system and economic structure system of Russia.
Number of foreign words in modern Russian
language is very large and is growing every day
because almost every English word can be borrowed
regardless of the appropriateness of such
replenishment of lexical structure. The causes of
borrowed words can be different in nature factors, the
need for new forms of language, in a variety of
means, brevity and clarity, in convenience. The
reasons for borrowing in the language of the mass
media, is seen terminology "craze" expressive
originality, emotional expression and the
identification of sublanguage. The process of
borrowing the words does not occur spontaneously
and at the same time. It happens for a long time,
gradually, provides a series of steps and stages.
Russian language recently borrowed a large flow of
English words with suffix -ing-, clear structural
separability and value received and the foreign
language element -maker, quite confidently took its
positions in the language prefix -super
This article is dedicated to the specialties of formation,
consolidation and use of written speech at English
classes in a non-linguistic university. The main aspects
of writing are determined which imply spelling,
written speech, business letter writing skills and
translation. Special tasks directed to perfection of
every component are worked out for non-linguistic
students. All these aspects make the process of
studying the English language more effective,
motivated, and the consolidation of the communicative
competence more efficient
Social Sciences and Humanities
After analyzing scientific papers on the topic of many
scholars, the author focuses on the situational
approach as a major factor of the organizational
aspects of the investigation planning by an
investigative team in cases of multi episode complex
collective crimes. It has been suggested that the
planning and organization of the investigation is
preceded by the predictive assessment of the
investigation situation, determination of the pattern of
a detective’s actions and programming and simulation
of the investigation process. All processes require the
implementation of organizational and administrative
activity of the head of the investigative team.
However, the initial investigation planning for one or
more crimes is reduced only to a description of the
investigative situations, to the presentation of a list of
investigative actions and operational searching
activities without the agreed plan and appointment of
the participants in such activities. Consequently, the
situational approach in planning can minimize errors
during investigative activities and optimize the work
of the investigative team dealing with the multi
episode crime particularly complex in terms of
investigative and procedural actions and operational
and searching activities
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article describes the national education paradigm,
which considers the process of learning-education as
an important mechanism contributing to the formation
of students’ personality according to their abilities and
needs. The problem of a modern teacher consisting in
optimization of educational process based on the
student’s individual needs is considered. Etymological
analysis of the term "optimization, which allows
defining its understanding is produced. The basic
criteria of optimality derived by different authors are
described. The article also examines such psychology
section as an educational psychology. It is said about
the structure of modern Russian education system,
which includes four interrelated and interdependent
elements. The article draws conclusions about the
necessity of designing individual educational trajectory
to satisfy the specific individual educational needs.
The basic principles of the Russian educational system
and in accordance with it, the educational process in
terms of constructing the optimization strategy are
considered
The relevance of the article is caused by the necessity
to form the linguacultural competence of foreign
students studying Russian language that corresponds to
the Contemporary didactics of foreign language
teaching. The case (precedent) texts are considered as
one of the main means of linguacultural orientation
used in practices of teaching Russian as a foreign
language. The necessity to study the case (precedent)
texts in this way is defined by its active use in
language and by the presence of cultural component
determining the valuable priorities of Russian vision of
the world. Therefore, the assimilation of case
(precedent) texts as actively used language elements of
Russian culture is the most important principle of
developing the communicative competence.
The aim of this work is the attempt to describe the case
(precedent) texts, acting as key material in the practice
of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The article
reveals the specificity of case (precedent) texts in the
context of national culture, it also identifies and
analyses their formal and semantic features, the
peculiarities of perception of the case (precedent) texts
by foreign students. The researching results of the
peculiarities of the case texts that are used in the
process of studying and teaching Russian as a foreign
language, allow drawing the conclusion that the
efficiency of assimilation of the considered units is
caused by knowledge of their structure and semantics,
by understanding the values, determined by them
The educational technology on the basis of the
representation of artistic images has been discussed in
the article. Fragments of the literature works may serve
as an illustration to the formed students' perceptions of
the phenomenon, are used as a research problem in the
study of the course "History of agronomy." Excerpts
from literary works of writers from different periods
form the basis of artistic images of crops. The tasks
with the description of certain plants taken from the
literary work have been developed in the course
"History of scientific agronomy" on the topic of the
history of plants introduction into agricultural
production. The examples of plants: nettles, clover,
tobacco, wheat, and the future of the plant of the future
were given in the paper. The following topics such as
the history of the introduction of agricultural plants,
the use of technology, technology of cultivation, the
story spread have been considered in the paper. Due to
the representation of works of literary art as an
educational technology for course «The history of
agronomy» in this area, main elements are: perception,
reaction, learning, organization and the formation of
values and orientation systems practice. Using the
works of art allows us to develop the following
functions of the educational process: developmental
(facilitates search and analysis feature passages
describing the history of the plants), motivational
(encourages conduct an active search), teaches the
basics of popularizing scientific agronomy through
artistic expression, teaching observation, developing a
productive search and cognitive activity of students
Perspectives of science in high schools were always
defined by prospects of development of scientific
teams. The author proposes to divide (depending on
the contents of research targets) unities of the
research process and the results of research teams
of the Department into three categories: a scientific
group, a scientific school and a leading scientific
school. Research teams are characterized by not
only quantitative and qualitative composition, but
the annual results. We reveal functional duties of
leaders of research teams and the head of the
Department for their effective management. One of
the main tasks of the Department is to create
conditions for the disclosure of scientific and
creative abilities of students. The article describes
general concepts and the content of scientific
researches, including the formulation of themes,
goals and objectives of the research, as well as the
basics of research methodologies required for
students in conducting the research work. The
structure of research groups of the Department, the
content of their work, the main functional
responsibilities of heads of scientific disciplines and
the head of the Department, basics of scientific
research methodology discussed in the article, will
increase the organization's effectiveness and the
efficiency of R & D Department
Health Sciences
The article presents an analysis of features of the
organization of special medical and prophylactic
support on commercial ships. First-aid treatment at
poisoning of crews of the most widespread toxic
matter (poisonous gases, oil products, methane,
coolants, and fumigants) has been considered. It is
noted that medical aspects of toxic dangers on the
water transport have to include prevention of the
pathological states of health of seamen, timely medical
support of the ship, early diagnostics of pathological
states, sorting of injured persons and the organization
of first emergency medical aid
Health Sciences
The article presents results of the study on the use of
associations of probiotic bacteria in black-and-white
breed calves. We have analyzed the effect of
associations of probiotic bacteria on hematological
(red blood cells and white blood cells, hemoglobin and
hematocrit) and blood biochemical parameters at
calves. It was found that the associations of strains of
Bifidobacterium bifidum DSM 20456, ATCC 29521,
and Enterococcus faecalis H22; Bifidobacterium
bifidum DSM 20456, ATCC 29521 and Enterococcus
faecium UDC 86 do not have significant changes in
the basic blood parameters of the animals, while
improving some of counts during their use
Results of studying of the immune response of young
growth of cattle to vaccination against a canicola fever
are presented in article. Dependence of duration of
circulation of antibodies in a blood of the vaccinated
young growth of cattle from degree of intensity of an
immune response on introduction of the vaccine is
revealed. Studying of dynamics of antiserum capacities
at cow calves of two-month age after immunization
taped the weak immune response on introduction of a
vaccine. It is expressed both in total absence of
antibodies, or available antibodies in minute quantity
to canicola fever of one of the serogroups which are a
part of a vaccine. Use of immunomodulatory
preparations for rising of efficiency of immunization
of cow calves against a canicola fever is offered. It is
established that application of "Ribotan" at vaccination
of two-month calves against a canicola fever increases
efficiency of immunization for 55,6 %
Social Sciences and Humanities
The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics
of the socio-economic sphere of Abkhazia during the
Soviet period. It is shown that the structural changes
in the economy of the territory associated with the
integration of the all-Russian economic system,
which determined the development of industry, agriculture
and culture of Abkhazia. Political and economic
integration of the subjects of the USSR of different
levels connected to all the regions of the country
in the economic organism, contributed to the fact
that from a backward edge of Abkhazia turned into
an advanced industrial-agrarian republic
Social Sciences and Humanities
The article explores the notion of fear as an existential
concept in M. Yu. Lermontov’s literary oeuvre. In
many of the poet’s works, the characters, finding
themselves in difficult limit situations, experience a
wide range of emotions which Lermontov describe in
detail using self-reflective approach. In analyzing the
theme of fear featuring in Lermontov’s works as a
socio-cultural concept, the author of the auricle
describes each emotional state separately: fear of
loneliness, fear of betrayal, a whole range of various
strong emotions emerging in relation to fright and to
the experience of horror. But the governing emotion in
existential fear is a fear of Nothingness as an inevitable
fate of every finite human self. The article describes a
variety of ways to overcome fear and complex internal
conflicts offered by Lermontov