№ 136(2), February, 2018
Date issued: 28.02.2018
Physical Sciences and Engineering
The purpose of this study is to determine the basic geometric parameters and the kinematic mode of operation of a roll mill intended for threshing corn cobs at the selection stage. Currently, for the threshing of the corn cobs on seeds at the selection stage, disk threshers of the type MKD-M are used in most cases. These devices practically do not injure the seeds, but it can reach 7-8%. In this case, the cob should be re-threshed, which significantly reduces productivity. One of the promising ways to increase the productivity of threshing corn cobs at the selection stage, while maintaining the minimum level of seed crushing, is the use of roller threshing devices. But there are no commercially available corn roller grinders to date. There are only prototypes. One of the most important requirements for corn threshers is the complete exclusion of seed mixing during the change of the treated cobs. Taking into account that the nomenclature of processed breeding numbers can include hundreds of titles, self-cleaning of working organs is extremely necessary to reduce manual labor costs. We have developed an experimental sample of a roller thresher with two horizontally arranged working elements, which showed a high quality of cob threshing in the course of prospecting studies. In the proposed design of the thresher, the problem of self-cleaning of working organs is absent. To determine the basic parameters of the roll mill, which ensures high quality of the cob threshing, we have conducted a full-factor experiment. The following factors were used as controlled factors: diameter of working elements (rolls) and rotation speed of their rotation. The remaining parameters of the grind were justified on the basis of our previous studies of the operation of corn threshers of various types. The criterion of optimization was the crushing of grain, and the quality of the restriction was used such an indicator as a grain of grain. The material for research was the cobs of the Krasnodar hybrid 425 MV. As a result of the studies, the following optimal parameters of the corn selection thresher were established: roll diameter - 152 mm; rotational speed of rollers - 767 min-1; the minimum clearance between rollers is 6 mm: the height of the protrusion of the working surface of the threshing roll is 10 mm
Sulphitation of semiproducts of sugar production has a
significant influence on the course of processes in the
refining of both sugar beet and cane sugar. The
insufficient degree of adsorption of sulfurous
anhydride has a negative impact on the environment as
well as on the technical staff, if it gets into production
premises, caused not so much by contingencies, but by
shortcomings in the equipment used. In the article, we
describe the main types of constructions of sulphitation
devices used in the sugar industry, their drafts are
shown, their advantages and disadvantages are
considered
The article analyzes the patented in different countries
methods of using of the ionizing radiation in processes
of storing and processing of plant materials.
Description of nature of the radioactive treatment and
the ionizing radiation is given; examples of possible
sources of the ionizing radiation are listed. Advantages
and disadvantages of the radioactive treatment are
shown. The patent search in databases of the WIPO
was carried out. Patents, registered in countries like
Korea, China, Japan, etc., were analyzed. Methods,
realization of which allows sterilizing of material and
increasing its storing period, and also improving its
processing, were systematized. The carried out survey
of the patent documentation revealed, that at the
present time there is quite a number of methods of
using of the ionizing radiation in storing and processing
of plant materials, which can be explained by the fact,
that irradiation allows to solve quite effectively a
number of important tasks, such as sterilizing the
material and modifying chemical substances in its
content. In the article it is also shown, that,
nevertheless, issues of safety and quality of irradiated
products have not yet been fully resolved. In the end,
the conclusion was made about the relevance of further research in this field
The article presents the results of optimization of the
angle of inclination and pitch of the cutting segment,
the frequency of rotation of the screw when cutting
stems of crops of different biometric characteristics of
the proposed screw cutting device
The article considers the dependencies of the constructive
parameters of the field board in the form of a
cylindrical drum on the physical and mechanical
properties of the soil. Expressions have been obtained
for calculating the radius of the cylinder, as well as
the size of the arm for installing the cylinder relative
to the sock of the field board. The limits of the use of
field boards data on the hulls of plows
The article reveals the main empirical factors that
increase the efficiency of technological systems of
grain harvesting. The work shows interrelation and
subordination of empirical factors in the practice of
operational reliability of grain harvesters, which
underlies scientific research. We have defined the basic
(key empirical factors) that allowed to develop a
conceptual model (paradigm) research. The article
reveals a technique, establishing the rules of
application of the method of expert assessments to
identify organizational and technical factors that have
the most significant impact on improving the reliability
of grain harvesters
Life Sciences
Agronomy systems with good reason can be
considered as complex multiparameter natural and
technical systems. In these systems, there are
numerous and diverse physical, chemical and
biological processes. On the one hand, these processes
have a significant impact on the performance of these
systems. On the other hand, they are extremely
difficult to be described in the form of meaningful
analytical models based on equations. As a result, the
development of meaningful analytical models is
associated with a large number of simplifying
assumptions that reduce the validity of these models.
Usually we consider linear univariate models for
agronomic systems, whereas practices are necessary
for nonlinear multiparameter models. Thus, we face
the problem proposed to be solved by the application
of a phenomenological meaningful systemic cognitive
models. These models are created using automated
system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) using the
intellectual system called "Eidos" directly based on
empirical data and used for the decision of tasks of
forecasting, decision support and research of the
modeled subject area. In this case, empirical data can
be large, incomplete (fragmented), noisy, presented in
different types of measuring scales (nominal, ordinal
and numerical) and in different units of measurement.
The comparability of the processing of heterogeneous
data is ensured by the fact that they are all converted
into units of measurement of the amount of
information. A numerical example has been given
In cherry breeding aimed to improve fruit quality,
methods of intervarietal, interspecific and remote
hybridization are often used. As a result of the
conducted studies, new promising cherry varieties of
different maturation period, developed in the
conditions of the Lower Volga region by the method
of remote ecologic-genetic hybridization using the
best local varieties, were studied. The most effective
crosses are those developed with use of high-quality
cherry forms Zhukovskaya and Podbelskaya.
According to the aggregate parameters of fruit
quality (dry matter content, sugar-acid index), the
following varieties were positively identified:
Temnookrashennaya, Dubovochka, Lydia,
Rozovaya, Lyubimitsa, Coloritnaya, Korneevskaya,
Loznovskaya, Afina, Sharada, Lexema. The content
of vitamin C - Temnookrashennaya, Lydia,
Coloritnaya, Rozovaya, Lexema. Varieties
Temnookrashennaya, Lydia, Coloritnaya, Rozovaya,
Lexema are offered for use in the canning industry
The article presents results of the research on the
chemical composition of cognac wine materials,
distillates and aged alcohols from the varieties of the
Magarach Pervenets and Rice of different sugar
content grown in the Taman agroecological zone. The
influence of the initial sugar content on the chemical
composition, physicochemical parameters and
organoleptic evaluation, as well as the correlation of
soil-climatic conditions and varietal features on the
composition of cognac distillates, is shown. Soil
analyzes were carried out at the FGBIC Anapskaya
ZOSViV SKZNIISiV with the use of the latest
equipment by conventional methods of determining
indicators of soil characteristics. The purpose of the
research is to give a detailed description of the site
under study, as well as to identify the boundaries of
the ecological macrozone for cultivating cognac
varieties of grapes. In the course of the research it was
clarified that for the selection and evaluation of raw
zones of cognac production, it is necessary to take
into account the optimal soil and climatic parameters
for obtaining high-quality cognac raw materials
This article discusses the results of a study to determine the impact of different primary tillage to sunflower yield. The task of the research was to determine the impact of primary tillage in the agrophysical and agrochemical soil properties. It has been established that the content of productive moisture during the growing period in 0-100 cm soil layer does not depend on the method of processing. Surface treatment of the soil did not have negative effects on soil properties and its agrophysical structure in comparison with moldboard ploughing. . When dump processing improves the density of the soil, accumulates more moisture in the autumn winter period, reduces the weediness of sunflower perennial weeds. Productivity in contaminated areas increases by 3.3 - 5.4 c / ha. On weed-free crops, the yield increased by 2.5 - 3.5 c / ha, due to the improvement of the physical parameters of the soil
Life Sciences
The article presents data on the prevalence of
colibacillosis of pigs in farms of the Krasnodar region
in the period 2010-2016. Colibacillosis is widespread
in pig farms of the Krasnodar region. In different
years, it was recorded at 32.6 - 55.6% of bacterial
infectious diseases of pigs. And only in 2013-2014, in
farms of the region colibacillosis was not registered.
Among the bacterial pathology, colibacillosis in pigs
in the farms of the Krasnodar region is in the first
place after staphyloccocus (3 - 15 %), streptoccocus
(2-13,7 %), and diseases caused by conditionally
pathogenic microflora (17,9-20 %). In the Krasnodar
region, we annually allocate different serotypes of E.
Coli that vary depending on areas and farms, however,
regularly in pigs in the Krasnodar region there are the
following serotypes: A8, О20, О119, О26, О86 in
Bryukhovetskiy, Dinskoy, Kalininskiy, Korenovskiy,
Kurganinskiy, Kushchevskaiy, Labinskiy regions of
the Krasnodar territory. According to the reports of
outbreaks, colibacillosis in pigs for several years were
recorded in the Central, Korenovskiy, Kushchevskaya,
Labinskiy, Primorsko-Akhtarskiy, Seversky,
Slavyanskiy, Tbilisskiy, Timashevskiy, Ust-Labinskiy
districts of the Krasnodar region and in the city of
Krasnodar. After 2013-2014, after the total absence of
the disease in the region, there were reported outbreaks
in 2015 in some farms in the Timashevskiy district,
and in 2016 – in Kurganinskiy
The main diseases of lactating cows occur in the first
two months of lactation, i.e. during the production
peak of productivity. They are caused by the changes
in metabolism during the transition period, which are
not supported by adequate changes in the organization
of feeding, or rather sufficient to ensure cows with
nutrients, which causes a number of closely related
diseases. To allocate any of them is not possible, as
their manifestation depends on a number of reasons,
and depending on situation may prevail one or the
other. Among the most common diseases, there are
ketosis, milk fever (paresis of maternity), dysplasia of
the abomasum, acidosis, mastitis, endometritis,
laminitis and leukemia. These diseases cause the
greatest problems in herds with high productivity, and
are caused by changes in metabolism in cows in the
transition period and the inability to properly feed the
animals at this time. To identify the causes of these
diseases we do not need to study each of them
individually - it is enough to deal with the peculiarities
of metabolism. This period includes the month before
calving and the first or second month of lactation, but
the most important are 3 weeks before calving and 3
weeks later. In order to prevent metabolic disorders
there were developed and tested feed for feeding cows
before calving and immediately after calving. Their
effect was studied on milk production and health status
The article presents results of a comparative study of
the experimental groups of Holstein animals
belonging to the Reflection Sovering line: four groups
of repair calves and four groups of bull-calves. The
peculiarities of their growth and development were
studied at higher daily rates of drinking milk and early
training of experimental animals to plant feeds with a
probiotic supplement of cellobacterins in the milk
period. The technology of growing the animals of the
experimental groups had differences: I-control group -
up to 6 months of age was grown according to the
traditional technology for farming: 200 kg of milk (for
50 days) and 400 kg of return (from 50 to 110 days),
concentrated feeds consisted of starter feed (50%)
and (50%) maize, the same amount of concentrated
feed and the same composition was obtained by
calves from experimental groups; II-test group - up to
6 months of age received an increased amount of milk
(for 25 days) - 200 kg and 400 kg of return (from 25
to 60 days); animals of the III-rd experimental group
- up to 6-month-old age received an increased rate of
milk drinking (for 50 days) - 450 kg and return (from
50 to 110 days): heifers - 600, bulls -800kg. Animals
of the IV-experimental group-up to 6 months of agereceived
an increased rate of milking (for 60 days) -
450 kg and return (from 60 to 120 days): heifers -
600, bulls -800 kg. The calves of all experimental
groups were fed a probiotic preparation of
cellobacterin in an amount of 3 g for each animal up to 18 months of age. The live weight changed
significantly depending on the age and the level of
feeding of the experimental animals. The use in the
feeding of calves of experimental groups of increased
daily average milk yields and the addition of a
probiotic to cellobacterin in the diet positively
influenced the growth and development of
experimental young animals, promoted a more
intensive increase in live weight
This article is devoted to the study of the species structure of helminths of the American mink, raccoon and wolf, conducted from 2006 to 2017. The study was subjected to 69 corpses of American mink - 30 of reed-bed, 22 flat, 17 of the Piedmont; 42 dead raccoon to 21 of the foothill and mountain; 24 corpse of the wolf - 8 from overflow land, foothill and mountain landscape-geographical zones of the Northwest Caucasus. The analysis of the results of the study showed that the determining factor in the formation of helminthocenoses of American mink, raccoon and wolf is the species structure of trophic-epizootic chains, the links of which are these predators, as well as species that act as intermediate, additional and reservoir hosts. Feature of helminthiases in carnivorous mammals is determined by a group of fodder. A dynamic increase in the number of species in the structure of helminthocenoses of American mink, raccoon and wolf was established, which is due to the anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems, violation of historical biotic relationships, including in the "parasite-host" system. The analyzed species of wild carnivores are involved in the support and formation of natural foci of such hazardous parasites as metros, Alaris, pseudamphistomum, mesocestoides, echinococcosis, trichinosis, dirofilariosis
Currently, in the Krasnodar region the indicators of
cow productivity are steadily increasing. This was
facilitated by two factors: the improvement of animal
genetics and the introduction of innovations in
technology. Novoplastunovskoe is one of the first
farms, which paid much attention to a significant
change in the technology of dairy cattle. Work began
with the construction of barns "light type" with walls
in the form of opening curtains for the American
project. The premises are equipped with "boxes" for
individual rest of animals with bedding in the form of
sand; automatic heated water logs; on the roof there is
a transparent skate, providing an increase in lighting
and additional ventilation; ceiling fans and additional
water sprinklers are installed to regulate the
microclimate. The milking parlor is equipped with
high-tech equipment and is integrated with the Israeli
computer program “AfiFarm”. Research was carried
out on an estimation of zoohygienic conditions in the
winter and summer periods; the technology of
processing and clearing sand - bedding for animals is
studied; the interior and exterior characteristics of the
cows of the Ayrshire and Holstein breeds adapted to
the new conditions have been determined; with the
help of the computer program “AfiFarm”, the
dynamics of single and daily milk yields, the content
of fat and protein in milk; calculated economic
indicators of milk production from different breeds of
animals
The article gives mechanisms of the influence of the
main sex hormones on the sexual cycle of cows and
heifers and the effectiveness of their insemination. The
effectiveness of gonadotropin preparations releasing
hormone, prostaglandin and progesterone, used to
induce sexual hunting, was studied. The use of
combined use of hormones and prostaglandins is
effective for synchronizing sexual hunting, regardless
of the stage of the sexual cycle on which healthy
animals can be at the time of their administration. The
reasons for the retention of the yellow body in the
ovary are very diverse. The results of the studies
indicate that a particularly close relationship exists
between the yellow body and the uterus