In the article we have described the history of the studies and the modern features of fish community of the Black sea's river Durso (the length 14 km). It was established, that in present time the river includes only seven species of fishes from three ecological groups: freshwater (five species), saltwater (one specie) and marine (one specie). A bleack (Alburnus alburnus) and Colchis minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus colchicus) dominate by quantity in the structure of Durso river fish community, bleack and Prussian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) dominate by biomass.
The negative changes of Durso river conditions were found in compare with the last years. First of all, it appears in biological pollution of fish species allochthonous for this river. In the period of the Durso river monitoring (1935–2014) it was established the distinct raise of allochthonous components with parallel reduce of variety of autochthonous fresh waters rheophilic species. The main reason is the building of reservoir in upper flow of the Durso river in 1976. The additional negative factor influence on of the Durso river fish community is the falling down of the water level during the important period of fish lifecycle. The best condition of fish community is in the middle part of the river were reaches combine with the cold springs and powerful flow
The article considers data on the stocktaking of plants
in the collection of medicinal plants of the Yakut
Botanical Garden on the following parameters: the
study of the component composition, the inclusion in
the Pharmacopoeia articles and the Russian State
Register of medicinal products. Introduction test in the
collection has been performed for 158 species from 99
genera and 41 families, currently the collection has
101 species from 79 genera and 34 families. Chemical
composition of plants is known for 61 species. 17
species are pharmacopoeal and 15 species make
medicinal products available. The rest of the medicinal
plants can be used in folk medicine. Most represented
are Asteraceae family (25), Ranunculaceae (20),
Rosaceae (16), Fabaceae (15), Lamiaceae (13), among
tested plants. According to the assessment of
introduction capabilities, 49 species in the collection
are highly stable, 51 - stable and just one is unstable
This article presents information about the features of biotechnology as the driving force of scientific and technological progress. The national programs of the leading countries of the world, it is one of the priority sectors, reflecting the level of the socio-economic condition of the society. Biotechnology is now successfully solves such vital tasks as providing food, the establishment of effective medicaments, obtaining fuel based on renewable raw materials, maintaining ecological balance, conservation of biological resources of the Earth. The development of agriculture in modern conditions is impossible without agricultural biotechnology. It is directly related to viticulture. Choosing an object of an integrated system (embryos, apical meristem, axillary buds), it is possible to clone plants, i.e. produce plants identical to the original. If the same as the object to use isolated cells or protoplasts, in this case, there will most likely altered versions, creating diversity for the breeder. Genetic engineering – the science of younger, since the establishment of the first chimeric DNA molecule. The origin of genetic engineering is rooted in the development of molecular genetics, biochemistry. These technologies, undoubtedly progressive, but their biological safety is still insufficiently explored and is a danger to all life on Earth. The leading Western powers carried out strict control over the introduction of transgenic crop plants, as they are in agrocenosis new biological risks that may adversely affect the plants, animals and humans. In Russia, as in other countries, have already adopted the law “State regulation of genetic engineering”
The results of studying the ordinary pine condition in
geographical cultures of the Central forest-steppe are
cited in the article. The general pattern of the ordinary
pine intraspecific variability is represented. The data of
origin influence on safety, efficiency, qualitative
adjectives are presented. The pattern of ecotypes
adaptability to new environment conditions is
presented
Researches were carried out on three-eyed cuttings of
stock of phylloxera-resistant grape varieties
Berlandieri×RipariaCober 5BB (Cober 5BB),
Riparia× Rupestris101-14 (101-14), Berlandieri ×
RipariaСО-4 (СО-4), Gravesak and RSB. Cuttings of
presented varieties were wetted during 24 hours in
water and after preliminary drying of the surface were
covered in the upper part with antitranspirant, under
the temperature about 90°С. Then 40 cuttings of every
variety were placed with lower ends for 24 hours in
0,01% heteroauxin solution or for 8 hours in 1%
Radix Plus solution. Cuttings of the control variant
were placed in water. After treatment cuttings, were
couching in a film greenhouse on a heated rack in
humid steamed sawdust. In the result of the present
researches there was determined that the wetting of
basal ends of cuttings of stock phylloxera-resistant
varieties in 1% Radix Plus water solution plus during
8 hours leads to the essential activity of regeneration
processes in them. The expansion of the length of
shoots on rooted cuttings of the experimental variant
amounted for 19,2–154,5 %, the rooting of cuttings -
23,3–76,7 %, the output of cuttings having at least
three roots – 33,0–78,1 %, the number of calcaneal
roots– 80,8–257,1 %. The maximum increase of the
length of shoots under the influence of Radix Plus was
observed at varieties of Gravesak and СО-4, the
rooting – Cober 5BB and CO-4, the amount of
cuttings at least three roots and average amount of
roots on them –101-14 and Cober 5BB. The Radix
Plus caused the great stimulating influence the rootforming
ability of cuttings of stock varieties than
heteroauxin, the standard stimulator of root-forming
The article presents a biological characteristic of
burbots in the waters of Yakutia. We discuss the most
essential features of the ecology of this fish
The study concerns the results of the study of
coenopopulations of the following Fabaceae species:
Medicago falcata, Oxytropis candicans, and
Onobrychis arenaria under conditions of the Middle
Lena River. The study was conducted in Yakutsk
vicinities, 13 km north-east of the city. It is stated that
all the studied coenopopulations are normal. Rather
small values of substitution and recovery indices
evidence certain problems in self-maintaining
processes. The age structure analysis using two age
indices, “delta” and “omega”, allows to classify the
coenopopulations of Medicago falcata, Oxytropis
candicans and Onobrychis arenaria in phytocoenoses
of the Lena River valley as normal young populations.
They were prevailed by juvenile, immature, virginile,
and young reproductive plants
This article presents the results of testing IRAP DNA
markers Cass1 and Cass2 applied to Prunus spinosa.
The findings suggest the high perspectiveness of
their using for the study of genetic diversity of the
gene pool of this species. According to the results of
the analysis of the sample 12 genotypes were
identified from 6 to 13 fragments in the spectrum of
Cass1 and from 5 to 11 fragments for Cass2. As a
result of cluster analysis in the sample formed three
groups of samples. In one of the groups, which is
most distant from the other two, includes samples
taken in Ukraine, while the remaining two groups
included samples from Armenia, the Krasnodar
region region, the Republic of Adygea, Ukraine and
Moldova, and three cultural large-fruited form. The
distribution of samples in clusters corresponded to
their geographical origin that favors the objective
assessment of genetic distances between the samples
using Cass1 and Cass2 markers. Thus, it was
concluded that the prospects of using DNA markers
to study the genetic diversity within a species of
Prunus spinosa
The results of the introductory test of 22 species of the
family Caprifoliaceae from 5 genera are analyzed:
Abelia R. Br. (1 species), Diervilla Mill. (1 species),
Kolkwitzia Graebn., Lonicera L. (15 species),
Symphoricarpos Ducham. (2 species), Weigela Thunb.
(2 species) in the Botanical Garden of SFedU. The
estimation of ecological-biological properties, of
degree of naturalization is given, of phenological
development, of age status, of decorative longevity of
these species. It has been established that 17 species
have high winter hardiness: Kolkwitzia amabilis;
Lonicera caprifolium, L. coerulea, L. chrysantha, L.
demissa, L. dioica, L. ferdinandii, L. gracilipes, L. ×
heckrotii, L. japonica, L. morrowii, L. tatarica, L. ×
tellmanniana, L. trichosantha, Symphoricarpos
hesperius and S. occidentalis, Weigela praecox;
drought-resistant: Abelia × grandiflora, Kolkwitzia
amabilis; Diervilla rivularis, Lonicera acuminata, L.
caprifolium, L. confusa, L. chrysantha, L. demissa, L.
ferdinandii, L. × heckrotii, L. japonica, L. morrowii, L.
tatarica, L. × tellmanniana, L. trichosantha,
Symphoricarpos hesperius and S. occidentalis,
Weigela floribunda; medium-drought-resistant:
Lonicera coerulea, L. dioica, L. gracilipes, Weigela
praecox. Period of preservation of decorative qualities
in plant ontogeny: Abelia × grandiflora - not less than
10 years; Diervilla rivularis, Lonicera dioica, Weigela
praecox - 15-20 years; Lonicera demissa, L. gracilipes,
Weigela floribunda - 20-25 years; Lonicera acuminata,
L. caprifolium, L. coerulea, L. confuse, L. chrysantha,
L. etrusca, L. ferdinandii, L. × heckrotii, L. japonica,
L. morrowii, L. tatarica, L. × tellmanniana, species of
Symphoricarpos – 25-30 years, Kolkwitzia amabilis –
30–35 years, Lonicera trichosantha 35–40 years
The research results on regeneration activity of
wilding cuttings of phylloxeraresistant varieties of
grapes influenced by heteroauxin treatment are
analysed in the article. The preliminary studies were
held in All-Russian research institute of viticulture
and wine-making of Ya.I. Potapenko using cuttings of
3 grape varieties – Berlandieri x Riparia Cober 5bb,
Riparia x Rupestris 101-14 and Berlandieri x Riparia
CO-4. The cuttings were soaked during 48 hours in
0,005 % heteroauxin and were implanted in sand in
adjustable conditions of temperature, humidity and
aeration. In 2012-2013 experiments were continued in
Kuban State Agrarian University. The varieties
Gravesak, RSB and Berlandieri x Riparia Teleki 5C
were added to the experiment. Three-items buds were
shooted in damp steamed sawdust in a film hothouse.
In preliminary researches application of heteroauxin
has allowed to increase root-growing by 20,3-40,0 %.
The greatest increase of root-growing (40 %) was
observed on variety СО-4, that is characterized by the
weakest potential rhizogenesis activity, and the least
(20,3 %) on control variety Cober 5 bb. Next
researches show that treatment of cuttings basal ends
by 0,01 % heteroauxin activated their regeneration
process, that was expressed in: increase in sprouts
length – variety 5 C, 101-14 and Gravesak by 23,1-
157,6 %; increasing of cuttings root-growing from
16,7 % on variety 5C to 60,0 % on variety Cober 5 bb,
the quantity of cuttings with not fewer of 3 roots from
accordingly 13,0 % to 54,7 %; increasing of roots
from 0,7 on variety СО-4 to 2,7 on variety 101-14 or
in 1,7-2,7 times. The application of heteroauxin on
variety RSB did not show positive results, because of
the variety peculiarities