The article presents the results of the evaluation of the spatial structure and condition of trees and shrubs in different types of park stands located in the park called “Yamka” in Petrozavodsk. Features of planning and spatial distribution of trees and shrubs have been identified. The species and number of plants in good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory states were determined. The conducted analysis of species distribution and the number of trees and shrubs in each category of state allows suggesting the activities for reconstruction of park stands
Hybridization was performed for nine hybrid
combinations between Russian early-ripening varieties
Novator and Serpantin and South Korean cold-tolerant
introduced samples Odaebueo и Tinbubueo. As a
result, 283 hybrid caryopses in eight combinations
were obtained, which were later studied in growing
conditions. Study of trait inheritance in F1 hybrids was
conducted, heterosis effect of studied hybrid
populations was determined by productivity and
individual elements of yield structure, using indicators
of the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp) of
quantitative traits. Significant variability in agronomic
traits of F1 hybrids was determined. The manifestation
of heterosis in productivity was noted in combination
Odaebueo / Tinbubueo, in which super dominance was
observed by all the studied traits forming productivity,
in the hybrid progeny. Using the "halves method",
analysis for cold resistance of 227 F2 plants in eight
hybrid populations was performed. Seven lines with
increased resistance to low positive temperatures
during germination were identified in five hybrid
combinations, which is 3% of the studied material. It
is shown that in breeding for cold resistance as mother
plants in hybridization it is necessary to use rice
varieties (samples) that are resistant to low positive
temperatures during germination, and as paternal -
more productive varieties, adapted to soil and climatic
conditions of rice growing area of the Krasnodar
Region
The article shows the ninth year of research on the
remineralization of leached chernozem. In the
plants of winter wheat, the content of macro and
micronutrients of nutrition under remineralization
of leached chernozem was investigated. It is
established that when introducing rocks, the
content of food elements in plants rises
The trials were conducted in 2013-2015. Research objects: apple trees cv. Zhigulevskoye/62-396, year of planting – 2007, at 4,5x1m. Place of research – experimental orchard of ”I.V. Michurin Federal scientific centre " in Tambov region. The goal of research: to study the effect of fertigation and foliar nutrition in an intensive apple orchard. During the research there were done yield records, was determined the content of nutrients in leaves and soil. In the soil there was also determined humus content and acidity, fruits were analyzed on vitamin C, saccharides and organic acids contents. Nitrogen in leaves and soil was determined by Kjeldahl method, phosphorus by photocalorimeter KFK-3, potassium and calcium by flame photometer Jenway PFP-7. We have established the optimal average application rate for fertigation in conditions of the Central Chernozem zone of Russia, which could be used to calculate specific application rates with data of soil-leaf diagnostics. In our research, it is shown that the use of this application rate had no significant negative impact on the studied parameters of soil. It is shown that the biochemical composition of fruits is largely determined by weather conditions of the year of vegetation and foliar nutrition. Maximum efficiency of measures for mineral supply optimizing is achieved only with the good combination of fertigation and foliar nutrition
The article discusses the hybridological analysis of the
inheritance of plant resistance of winter wheat to
brown rust Putignano. For this purpose, we performed
the analysis on the varieties of wheat of local selection,
studied immunological reaction to R. triticina in
connection with the types of wheat resistance to leaf
rust pathogen. In the work, we considered the different
immunological parameters (type of plant response to
the introduction of the pathogen, the intensity of
infection of plants, the size of urediniospores, the
number of urediniospores in one urediniomycetes, the
amount of time from the time of inoculation until the
beginning of the first urediniomycetes (i.e. a measure
of latent period) and the area under the curve of
disease development). Study of the inheritance of the
type of plant responses to the introduction of the
pathogen by the method of hybridological analysis
revealed that this immunological reaction can be
controlled by both dominant and recessive genes.
Monogenic control of resistance in our study was
fairly uncommon and installed from THERE 200
varieties and Purdue 5396. It is shown that the
majority of the examined lines type of plant response
to the introduction of the leaf rust pathogen is
controlled, as a rule, several genes with different types
of interaction. The results of hybridological analysis
allow to draw a conclusion about what type of plant
response to the introduction of the parasite – an
integral indicator that takes into account the
morphological peculiarities of urediniomycetes (the
size and number of urediniospores produced in them)
Intensification of agriculture during the twentieth
century was accompanied by an increase in
international trade, resulting in the resettlement of
many species across continents. As a result of these
processes, many adventives species have become
economically significant and dangerous plants in agro
and urban biosensors. One such plant is Ambrosia
artemisiifolia L., imported from North America to
Russia. The use of chemical means of suppression of
A. artemisiifolia L. often does not give positive results
in agrocenoses, because of its biomorphological
features. In urban areas, within the boundaries of
sanitary zones, the use of chemicals is prohibited.
Therefore, the most promising direction in the
suppression of ragweed ambrosia is the ecologies
method. The article discusses the possibility of using
an ambrosia leaf beetle in the feeding of ragweed in
the territory of Russia
Alternation of crops, will remain a fundamental
element of zonal technologies of their cultivation for a
long time. Application of methods of mathematical
model operation will allow to come to new level in
the solution of the questions of effective use of an
arable land, through application of models optimizing
it. Results of researches which basis data of long-term
observations are will be especially valuable. They
used data of the long-lived stationary experiments on
studying of alternation of crops in crop rotations of
last more than five rotation. Stationary experiences
are located in a forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia
on the fields FGBNU "SIBNIISKH". The purpose of
researches consisted in optimization of use of an
arable land at application of methods of mathematical
model operation for preservation of soil fertility. The
model allowing when performing particular
conditions is given in work (balance of a humus, work
expense, a metabolic cost, etc.) to optimize use of an
arable land against the background of preservation of
soil fertility of the soil, receiving production,
economic and power efficiency. It is shown that at
alternation of grain crops with clear steam, formation
of a harvest happens due to natural fertility of the soil
what the negative balance of a humus which reaches
0,18 – 0,78 tons from hectare testifies to. At
alternation of field cultures without clear steam the
harvest was formed against the background of
reproduction of organic matter of the soil, due to
increase in vegetable oddments from use of fertilizers,
the balance of a humus was positive – 0,15 – 0,28
tons from hectare. Use along with clear steam, busy
steam, colza on green fertilizer, and also straw as
organic fertilizer for grain crops, 2,01 tons from
hectare of commodity grain were received, at a share
of clear steam – 16,8%, busy steam – 11%, summer
grain – 72,2% of arable land. Increasing in crop
rotations of West Siberian Square with use as organic
fertilizer of straw, busy vapors and green fertilizers, it is possible to achieve reproduction of fertility of the
soil with some decrease in an exit of commodity grain
to 2 tons from hectare
The nutrient structure of fruits of the Mountain ash of
ordinary Sorbus aucuparia L., sloe of Prunus spinosa
and their extracts is investigated. Inside them, the
standard methods in biochemistry have determined the
content of extractive substances, sugars, titrable acids,
vitamins C and P, phenolic and pectinaceous
substances. Results of analyses demonstrate that the
fruits of wild plants ripening in the conditions of
Dagestan – mountain ashes and sloe - can be
effectively used as raw materials for receiving extracts
which are rich in vitamins, carbohydrates and phenolic
connections. The possibility of production of highquality
nutrient-rich extracts from these fruits with
application of various technological modes and ways
of extraction is revealed: duration of insisting of raw
materials; various concentration of ethanol in an
extractant and ratios raw materials/ extractant. Results
of researches demonstrate that at a ratio of raw
materials/extractant 1:3 and the 70% content of ethanol
in the extractant have come the greatest extraction
from vitamin fruits P (routine) and phenols which
made respectively 56,0-65,7% and 51,4-68,3%.
Increase in extraction of titrable acids and vitamin C is
noted at 50% concentration of ethanol in the
extractant. The maximum release of sugars has come
from all fruit substrata at 30% ethanol in the
extractant. Results of biochemical analyses of extracts
have shown that carrying out extraction in the way of
double insisting on condition of selection of optimum:
concentration of ethanol in the extractant, ratios of the
raw materials/ extractant and the best time of insisting, allow to provide on average a 55-60% exit of nutrients
from the studied fruit raw materials
Soil profiles were made in intensive apple orchard in the agricultural enterprises in Lipetsk and Tambov regions in 2015. Drip irrigation in year rates of 500-550 m3 was carried out since 2010. During the research we determined the soil density, the solid phase density, aggregate composition, particle size distribution, the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen and humus by conventional methods. As a result of drip irrigation can increase dust-like fraction in dark gray forest soil, whereas in chernozems this index did not change significantly. In the black earth soil was noted the process of increasing the proportion of mud fraction due to mineral part chernozem destruction. In both soil types was increased sand content. It was found that drip irrigation improves some of the soil water-physical properties, such as a soil structure coefficient and the content of agronomical valuable aggregates in a layer of 20-40 cm. There was also noted that with increasing soil depth was reduced humus and hydrolyzable nitrogen content. In aggregate analysis, it was found that dark-gray forest soil the amount of water-stable aggregates increased, while meadow chernozem leached soil decreased. Data of the aggregate analysis revealed that in the dark-gray forest soil the amount of water-stable aggregates increased as a result of drip irrigation, while in meadow chernozem leached soil decreased. It recommends by drip irrigation application permanent monitoring of the soil humus content
Analysis of rice market in the country was conducted,
as well as assortment of rice products was studied. It is
shown that rice is the most popular grain in Russian
Federation and in percentage of cereal products in
shops they occupy 29% and in diet of Russian people
– 41%. It is found that in Russia round grain japonica
varieties are the most popular kind. It is mentioned
that for the last years consumer market demands
diversity of rice products, including long-grain and
exclusive varieties, imported from abroad. It is shown
that in big cities demand for such products has
increased from 5% to 15%. Analysis of milled rice
balance was conducted. It is found that volume of
milled rice in the domestic market of the country is
annually about 680-800 thousand tons exceeding the
average demand value by 54,8 to 172,3 thousand tons.
Promising breeding directions are observed for
increasing assortment of rice products in Russian
markets with a view to import substitution. It is
mentione that Russian breeders have developed group
of exclusive varieties: Rubin, Mars, Viola, Violetta,
Avstral, Ivushka, Natasha, Aromir etc. It is shown that
special purpose varieties currently occupy 3,5% of rice
acreage in the Krasnodar region and their cost is by
20-70% higher than that of traditional rice varieties. It
was found that for their implementation into
production and promotion on the consumer market we
need to develop agricultural techniques of cultivation
and seed production scheme in accordance with the
biological characteristics, conduct marketing
activities, promotion of a healthy diet