The successful development of livestock requires
maintaining and further increasing of the genetic
potential, the basis for the manifestation of which is
the adequite balanced feeding. Currently, one of the
most urgent problems of livestock breeding is to find
ways for reduction of the negative impact of various
feeding factors on the animals. In industrial
conditions, it is difficult to exclude various feed
stresses, which lead to a decrease in productivity,
survival rate and ill health of animals and poultry.
The work summarizes the research in this direction,
taking into account the achievements of domestic
and foreign authors. A serious problem of feed
producing companies and livestock farms is the grain
and compound feed affection with fungi and their
metabolic products - mycotoxins. Based on the
results of the research of several authors, the ways of
solving this problem were identified and
recommendations on the reduction of the negative
effect on the body were provided. It is noted, that
one of the best and effective ways to reduce the
negative effect of mycotoxins on the body is a
method of administration of adsorbents in animal
feed. But it should be taken into consideration that in
order to maximize the protection against mycotoxins
and minimize their harmful effects on the body of
animals it is necessary to use preparations, which
include adsorbents of organic and inorganic nature,
as well as to comply with the dosage of their
introduction into the diets of animals and poultry.The
progressive forms of preparations of a new
generation, solving problems of the negative impact
of feeding factors, include probiotics, which contain
some bacteria, immobilized on the solid particles, so
that they inhabit the intestine faster. Modern
biological complexes have immune correcting
properties, increase non-specific resistance of the
organism, normalize microbiocenosis of
gastrointestinal tract, and stimulate the functional
activity of the digestive system. Therefore, it is
necessary to use feed additives with detoxification
properties as part of animal compound feed,
according to recommendations on their application in
appropriate dosages
There were reviewed the results of the study of the
dependence of main phenological phases of
development of corn hybrids of different maturity
groups of the selection of Krasnodar Research Institute
of Agriculture named after P.P. Lukyanenko in the arid
zone of Central Ciscaucasia (Ross 199, Ross 299,
Krasnodar 382 and Krasnodar 410) and the AllRussian
Research Institute of Corn (Mashuk 170,
Newton, RIC 345 and Eric), as well as early-middle
Rossiyskaya 1 from the changes of average daily air
temperature of planting dates and preplant seed
treatment by the preparation "TMTD-plus", containing
the growth promoter called Krezatsin in its
composition. The studies were conducted in
accordance with the thematic plan of scientific
researches of the department of crop and forage
production of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The
technology of maize growing on the experimental plot
corresponds to the standard technology for this area
and culture. The sowing was performed in three stages.
The first (early) sowing period was at t = + 7 ... +8 °
C. The second (recommended) – was at t = + 10 ... +
12 ° C. The third (later) sowing period was at t = +15 °
C. There was identified a high inverse correlation
between the average daily air temperature and the
duration of the intraphase periods of maize
propagation. Thus, at the shifting of maize sowing
dates with the second half of May on the second half of
April we have optimization of heat regime in the
generative period and rising of the efficiency of use of
thermal resources of the region. There was marked the
acceleration of development of corn seedlings when
the average daily air temperatures was up to 12 ° C at
the samples with the application of the disinfectant
TMTD-plus
In the article, there are the data of a specific variety of cereal weed plants in crops of winter wheat on a black leached soil depending on the predecessor and the way of processing of a soil and its role as a source of an infection root rot. The greatest number of isolates of mushrooms – causative agents of a disease, was allocated from such weed plants as wheat grass creeping, eras galli, field (chess) brome grass; the smallest – from Lolium temulentum. Fusariosis root decay dominates in community of cereal weed plants
This article presents the results of the research of soil cultivation practices and the herbicide treatment ef-fect on the weed content in maize grain crop grown in the stepp conditions of the Krasnodar region. It has been determined that tillering soil with the Wil-Rich disc harrow at 10-12 cm depth is less effective than fall ploughing with a top layer turning-over, chisel and disc tillering combined with summer herbicide treatment. The latter give the advantage of less weeds and higher grain yield
In this article, the results of researches of the influ-ence of terms and norms of crops of a winter rape on growth and development of plants, winter hardi-ness and productivity of cultures in the changed environmental conditions of Rostov region are re-sulted
The authors of the work offer to apply the new productive kinds of winter wheat: Rosinka Tarasovskaya and Donskoy surprise, and also the use of growth regulators Albit and Novosil, influencing on chestnut soils fertility and wheat crop productivity in dry steppe zone in Volgograd region
The results of three-year research of “Nota” winter wheat variety growing techniques intensification influ-ence on mineral nitrogen dynamics in soil, according to vegetation periods, predecessor being corn, are pre-sented
The reaction of winter wheat cultivar ‘Antonina’ on the level of fertility and doses of fertilizers on crop productivity was studied. Investigations are carried out in multivariate 11 –course crop and grain-grass rotation stationary: factor ‘A’- the fertility of the soil; factor ‘B’ - fertilizer system; factor ‘C’ - the system of plants protection; factor ‘D’ - the main methods of soil tillage. Four models of soil fertility levels were studied in the experiment: А0 - initial (natural background); А1 - average (200 kg / ha Р2О5 and 200 t / ha of solid manure); А2 - high (double dose); at А3 - high (tripled) on three backgrounds of basic soil cultivation: nonmoldboard, recommended, moldboard with deep bursting and without the application of tillage (direct seeding and the natural rate of soil fertility). The soil is heavy leached black humus with humus content in the arable layer of 2.5% - 2.9%. On the basis of proven researches it was found that for the sustainable yield of winter wheat the dose of mineral fertilizers should be increased and nitrogen - up to 140 kg per hectare. The increase in yield is due the rise of the quantity of grains per ear and weight of grain per ear
The article deals with the issue of improving the
profitability of sheep breeding by using improved
mutant genotypes in the breeding system. The results
of studies of the main indicators of economic-useful
traits are given, the dynamics of growth, level and
quality of wool productivity of sheep of improved
genotypes obtained on the basis of such breeds as
Soviet merino and Stavropolskaya, as well as firstgeneration
daughters cultivated in themselves are
estimated. It was found that at birth, the live weight in
the groups of the 3 group (the breeding of half-blooded
hybrids "in oneself") was higher than that of the
females from the 1 and 2 groups, respectively, by 0.50
kg, or 13.1%, and by 0.20 kg or 5.2% (P> 0.95). At a
more senior age, the young, having a large live mass at
birth, retained its rank position. The highest indicator
of the cutting of physical wool was observed in animals
of the 2 group, obtained as a result of the use of sheepproducers
of Stavropolskaya breed on sheep of the
Soviet merino. The parameters of the 1 and 3 group
were lower by 0.6 kg - 12.3% and 0.17 kg - 3.5% (P>
0.95), respectively. The conclusion is made that the use
of sheep-producers of the Stavropolskaya breed on the
uterus of the Soviet merinos breed had a positive effect
on the wool productivity and the live weight of the
hybrid offspring. Further breeding of half-blooded
hybrids “in oneself” showed the possibility of
reproducing improved genotypes without losing the
acquired qualities
The article presents results of the study of yield, mechanical composition and quality of bunches of newest white grapevine varieties called Artemis, Sauvignon tamanskii and Inkroche tamanskii, in the conditions of Taman in the Krasnodar region. The yield of the studied genotypes ranged from 10.4 to 13.3 t / ha: the highest yield was in Artemis, and the lowest – in Sauvignon tamanskii. The average weight of the bunch was in Sauvignon tamanskii (152 g), the variety Artemis had 143 g and Inkroche tamanskii had 130 g of bunch weight. The percentage of berries in clusters ranged from 95.3 in Artemis to 95.9 in Inkroche tamanskii and Sauvignon tamanskii. The ratio of fruit mass to the mass of crests was 20.3 in the varieties of Artemis and 23.5 in Inkroche tamanskii and Sauvignon tamanskii. In genotypes of Artemis, Sauvignon and Inkroche Taman Taman the weight of 100 berries was 200, 160 and 130 g, respectively, the mass of 100 seeds - 4.6; 3.1 and 2.9 g, the average weight of the pulp from the juice to the weight of the skin - 24.3; 19.5; 15.9. The percentage of pulp and juice in clusters of the studied varieties was 85,9-89,1%, and the ratio of pulp to juice to the solid residue 6,1-8,2. Yield of musts from the studied sample was 74,5-75,4%. The content of sugars in the berries (17,5-19,6 g / 100 cm3) was dependent on the yield, the characteristics of varieties and timing of the harvest, but the harvest was favorable for the production of beverages and wine materials