In Nizhny-Volzhsky Agricultural Research Institute
at Dubovskoye strong point, by hybridizing local
varieties with southern varieties, and by using
cultivated hybrids from free pollination, a number of
plum varieties combining winter hardiness with high
fruit quality have been introduced. The varieties
Volgograd, Bogatyrskaya and Vengerka
Korneevskaya are sorted, as well as a number of
other local Volga varieties obtained by
hybridization: Volga Blue, Summer Ternosly,
Autumn Ternon with the most adaptive introduced
varieties. These Volga varieties are donors of winter
hardiness. The environmental conditions of the
Lower Volga region contribute to the development
of adaptive genotypes that combine winter hardiness
with high fetal quality. The use of new varieties of
plums obtained in the Lower Volga region, in
crosses with the best varieties of plum, allows the
creation of industrial varieties of this crop
The increasing consumption of forest resources causes
a greater anthropogenic impact on forest ecosystems
and leads to a negative impact on both biodiversity and
the environment as a whole. In this article, the
sustainability of forest phytocenosises of southeast of
Western Siberia is assessed using the example of
Tomsk region. The analysis of the status and dynamics
of the forests of Tomsk region has been assessed. The
main factors negatively affecting the biodiversity of
forests of Tomsk region were analyzed. The forests
cover extensive areas; therefore, the studies were
carried out based on the data from the State Forestry
Register of the Russian Federation for the period from
2008 to 2015. According to the results of the study, the
sustainability of forest phytocenosises has increased
significantly in recent years, which can be explained
by its strengthened ability to maintain the current state
under the influence of external factors. This work
considers such causes of damage and death of forest
plantations as pests, forest diseases, unfavorable soil
and climate impacts, forest fires, as these are the main
and most massive phenomena that cause the greatest
damage to forest. It is possible to see the dynamics of
damage and death of forest plantations on the figures
presented in the article
Тhe results of the evaluation of the condition of trees
and shrubs in various types of park and garden stands
located on the territory of several educational buildings
of Petrozavodsk state university are presented in the
article. The details of the planning of sites and the
spatial location of trees and shrubs are displayed. The
species composition and the distribution of plants
according to the categories of viability are identified.
The 3D computer models of the studied territories with
inventory results are created. The analysis of the
plantation allows us to offer projects on formation of
the landscape planning structure of the university
campus of PetrSU
Nowadays, domestic pig production is dynamically
changing in technological and selection terms and is
one of the most effective sectors. In the current
conditions of pig breeding in intensive technology, the
requirements to the level and direction of pig
production, the rational use of genetic resources are
increasing. The development of effective methods for
the production of pork on the basis of the wide use of
highly productive breeds and types of both imported
and domestic selection allows to obtain the maximum
possible productivity of animals, to produce pork of
good quality, to reduce the cost of production and to
fully realize the genetic potential of animals. Genetic
and selection techniques have significantly changed
the physiological, morphological and productive
capabilities of modern animals. In connection with
this, the actual for the pig industry is the identification
of opportunities to increase the duration of the use of
pigs, and the inclusion of new indicators in breeding
work when creating specialized maternal lines. The
research was carried out on the electronic database
(KP ACC, OOO "Selikom", Ryazan), the breeding
center "Lozovoye" ZAO "Plemzavod-Yubileyniy" of
the Tyumen region. The center is engaged in
thoroughbred breeding and improvement of four pigs:
large white, landrace, pietren, duroc
The article presents long-term studies of afforestation on
the Taman Peninsula. The directions of improving the
ecology of the peninsula are considered by increasing
the total biomass of the biogeocenosis of the given
region by creating forest plantations, increase of forest
cover and involvement of non-generating land in the
economic circulation. Practical agro-forest-meliorative
aspects of development of a specific category of nonproducing
lands are presented. The basic agrotechnical
methods are recommended at creation of forest
plantations. The analysis of the state of forest plantations
on the unique site of the Taman Peninsula is given - it is
a tract of Sad Yakhno
In the conditions of the two-factor field experiment,
the influence of four methods of incorporating straw in
the soil on the rice yield was studied: plowing, one-,
two- and three-time discs and three ways of
"processing" the straw: embedding in the soil of the
chopped straw in its pure form, together with
compensating nitrogen fertilizer and inoculated stubble
biodestructor Stemix ® Niva. It is shown that the
lowest yield is formed when straw is plowed, while
surface tillage of soil by one-, two- and three-fold
discs significantly increases the grain yield in
comparison with the plow by 2.4, 4.2 and 5.2 c / ha,
respectively. Taking into account that the double
disking provided an almost twice increase in the yield
of the crop and the absence of statistically significant
differences with the triple disking; it is this method of
incorporating the straw that should be considered the
most expedient. The introduction of a compensating
nitrogen fertilizer ensured a reliable increase in yield
by 5.1 and 3.7 centners per hectare in comparison with
the variants with the introduction of straw in pure form
and treatment with biopreparation. Calculation of the
share of the influence of the factors studied on the rice
yield showed that the method for embedding straw
provides 29.9% of the variability of the trait under
study, the method of straw treatment is 36.7%, and the
residual dispersion accounts for 33.4%. Incorporation
of chopped rice straw in the soil together with
compensating nitrogen fertilizer in the amount of 1%
of the mass of straw, by double discing, ensured the
receipt of a conventionally net income of 6940 rubles /
ha, the rate of return - 70.4% and the cost recovery -
1.7 rubles / rub
An analysis of the state of contamination of rice crops
with red-grained forms was carried out, as well as
impurity was found both in the seed material and in
the soil. It was shown that there is a need to switch to
non-weeding seed growing technology when
conducting elite and reproductive seed production.
Various variants of soil cultivation in combating the
red rice forms are considered, both in the main and in
the pre-sowing treatment. It has been found that after
harvesting rice on heavily foul areas, it is better to
burn straw, and not to carry out autumn tillage of the
soil, the seeds of red-grained forms die mostly when
wintering on the soil surface. The most effective
method of soil cultivation for controlling of red rice
forms in seed crops has been identified, in which the
yield is increased, and the contamination of crops and
the resulting rice grain is significantly reduced. The
work carried out will allow reducing manual labor
costs in the production of seeds, improving their
quality and assortment, speed up variety changing and
variety updating
Urban trees can provide multiple environmental
benefits. The study of the state of the street tree and
shrubby vegetation from the analysis of inventory data
and environmental conditions is purpose the article.
The structure of 11 types of street roadside vegetation,
which determines about 93% of the greenery
composition of the city of Ekaterinburg is considered.
The structure of the examined tree-shrub vegetation
and all vegetation, which is part of the greening of
Ekaterinburg, is compared. For each tree (shrub) was
measured: species, number of stems, diameter of stem
at 1,3 m, tree height, height to base of live crown,
crown width, percent of branch dieback in crown,
percent of canopy volume devoid of leaves, number of
sides of the tree receiving sunlight from above,
distance and direction to building, distance to road. As
a result, homogeneity of illumination of various plant
species is received. Ash ordinary has the largest of all
plants values of the percent of the missing crown
(61.3%) and closest distance to the road. The effect on
the plants (by average distance) of urban buildings (7-
30 meters) and the proximity of the roadway (3-7
meters) was observed
The study of the productive qualities of crossbred
offspring from different breeding combinations and
identifying the most effective ones providing the
maximum increase in the production of high quality
lamb while reducing its cost is an important problem
and is essential for further development of methods of
creating a new type of precocious meat and wool
sheep. In the Rostov region in the result of the
establishment of populations of meat-wool sheep there
are several groups of animals with different
characteristics and hereditary inclinations. As the base
of the work there is a method of mating and breeding
of sheep of the desired type. The article presents the
results of one of the fragments of a large complex
work in which the possibility of using three-pedigree
hybrids, created with the involvement of potential
salskaya, edilbaevskaya and intense meat-wool breed,
which is severokavkazskaya, to improve productive
quality in the breeding of sheep. We have evaluated
productivity and biological features of hybrids and
proved the economic efficiency of their use in the
production of mutton. We have given the results of the
control slaughter and assessment of qualitative
indicators of the meat of young sheep. The set of
indicators characterizing meat productivity and meat
quality revealed that the superiority of the studied
indicators remained for two - and three-bred cross
cattle. Hybrids have a higher rate of growth and
quality parameters of meat productivity. These options
are simple and complex industrial crossing are
promising and can be implemented and used on the
farms of the zone of breeding Merino sheep. Thus, the
use of crossbreeding gives an opportunity to convert a
flock of sheep in the desired direction quickly. At the
same time, three-pedigree hybrids better combine the
valuable qualities of the used species
In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes
develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty
particles along the profile, water-soluble humus,
mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most
intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog
soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains
plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief
elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical
and oxidation-reduction properties for
cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop
rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high
checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones