Alternation of crops, will remain a fundamental
element of zonal technologies of their cultivation for a
long time. Application of methods of mathematical
model operation will allow to come to new level in
the solution of the questions of effective use of an
arable land, through application of models optimizing
it. Results of researches which basis data of long-term
observations are will be especially valuable. They
used data of the long-lived stationary experiments on
studying of alternation of crops in crop rotations of
last more than five rotation. Stationary experiences
are located in a forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia
on the fields FGBNU "SIBNIISKH". The purpose of
researches consisted in optimization of use of an
arable land at application of methods of mathematical
model operation for preservation of soil fertility. The
model allowing when performing particular
conditions is given in work (balance of a humus, work
expense, a metabolic cost, etc.) to optimize use of an
arable land against the background of preservation of
soil fertility of the soil, receiving production,
economic and power efficiency. It is shown that at
alternation of grain crops with clear steam, formation
of a harvest happens due to natural fertility of the soil
what the negative balance of a humus which reaches
0,18 – 0,78 tons from hectare testifies to. At
alternation of field cultures without clear steam the
harvest was formed against the background of
reproduction of organic matter of the soil, due to
increase in vegetable oddments from use of fertilizers,
the balance of a humus was positive – 0,15 – 0,28
tons from hectare. Use along with clear steam, busy
steam, colza on green fertilizer, and also straw as
organic fertilizer for grain crops, 2,01 tons from
hectare of commodity grain were received, at a share
of clear steam – 16,8%, busy steam – 11%, summer
grain – 72,2% of arable land. Increasing in crop
rotations of West Siberian Square with use as organic
fertilizer of straw, busy vapors and green fertilizers, it is possible to achieve reproduction of fertility of the
soil with some decrease in an exit of commodity grain
to 2 tons from hectare
The trials were conducted in 2013-2015. Research objects: apple trees cv. Zhigulevskoye/62-396, year of planting – 2007, at 4,5x1m. Place of research – experimental orchard of ”I.V. Michurin Federal scientific centre " in Tambov region. The goal of research: to study the effect of fertigation and foliar nutrition in an intensive apple orchard. During the research there were done yield records, was determined the content of nutrients in leaves and soil. In the soil there was also determined humus content and acidity, fruits were analyzed on vitamin C, saccharides and organic acids contents. Nitrogen in leaves and soil was determined by Kjeldahl method, phosphorus by photocalorimeter KFK-3, potassium and calcium by flame photometer Jenway PFP-7. We have established the optimal average application rate for fertigation in conditions of the Central Chernozem zone of Russia, which could be used to calculate specific application rates with data of soil-leaf diagnostics. In our research, it is shown that the use of this application rate had no significant negative impact on the studied parameters of soil. It is shown that the biochemical composition of fruits is largely determined by weather conditions of the year of vegetation and foliar nutrition. Maximum efficiency of measures for mineral supply optimizing is achieved only with the good combination of fertigation and foliar nutrition
The article shows the ninth year of research on the
remineralization of leached chernozem. In the
plants of winter wheat, the content of macro and
micronutrients of nutrition under remineralization
of leached chernozem was investigated. It is
established that when introducing rocks, the
content of food elements in plants rises
Hybridization was performed for nine hybrid
combinations between Russian early-ripening varieties
Novator and Serpantin and South Korean cold-tolerant
introduced samples Odaebueo и Tinbubueo. As a
result, 283 hybrid caryopses in eight combinations
were obtained, which were later studied in growing
conditions. Study of trait inheritance in F1 hybrids was
conducted, heterosis effect of studied hybrid
populations was determined by productivity and
individual elements of yield structure, using indicators
of the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp) of
quantitative traits. Significant variability in agronomic
traits of F1 hybrids was determined. The manifestation
of heterosis in productivity was noted in combination
Odaebueo / Tinbubueo, in which super dominance was
observed by all the studied traits forming productivity,
in the hybrid progeny. Using the "halves method",
analysis for cold resistance of 227 F2 plants in eight
hybrid populations was performed. Seven lines with
increased resistance to low positive temperatures
during germination were identified in five hybrid
combinations, which is 3% of the studied material. It
is shown that in breeding for cold resistance as mother
plants in hybridization it is necessary to use rice
varieties (samples) that are resistant to low positive
temperatures during germination, and as paternal -
more productive varieties, adapted to soil and climatic
conditions of rice growing area of the Krasnodar
Region
The article presents the results of the evaluation of the spatial structure and condition of trees and shrubs in different types of park stands located in the park called “Yamka” in Petrozavodsk. Features of planning and spatial distribution of trees and shrubs have been identified. The species and number of plants in good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory states were determined. The conducted analysis of species distribution and the number of trees and shrubs in each category of state allows suggesting the activities for reconstruction of park stands