In the article there were analyzed the different approaches of Soviet and Russian authors to the assessment of soils regarding to agro-ecological factors. There was given the characteristic of natural-economic zones territorially entering the Azov-Kuban lowland by main soil-climatic indexes. There was considered the valuation of soils which determines their relative value and suitability on main factors of natural fertility or their groups, it serves as a criteria of unification of soils into agro-ecological groups. There were shown the main indexes and order of grouping of soils under unification of different soils into agro-ecological groups. There was calculated the “normative” productivity of main agricultural crops on natural-economic zones of Azov-Kuban lowland which defines the agro-productive value of soil. There were revealed the disadvantages of soil assessment method used in the course of state cadastre valuation of agricultural lands asserted by the order of the Ministry of Economic Development from 20.09.2010 № 445. There were cited the specific rates of cadastre cost (SRCC) of agricultural lands on municipal entities of Krasnodar region. There was given the assessment of obtained data regarding to natural-climatic factors of the region, there were made proposals on optimization of trends of further researches on claimed problem
Analysis of rice market in the country was conducted,
as well as assortment of rice products was studied. It is
shown that rice is the most popular grain in Russian
Federation and in percentage of cereal products in
shops they occupy 29% and in diet of Russian people
– 41%. It is found that in Russia round grain japonica
varieties are the most popular kind. It is mentioned
that for the last years consumer market demands
diversity of rice products, including long-grain and
exclusive varieties, imported from abroad. It is shown
that in big cities demand for such products has
increased from 5% to 15%. Analysis of milled rice
balance was conducted. It is found that volume of
milled rice in the domestic market of the country is
annually about 680-800 thousand tons exceeding the
average demand value by 54,8 to 172,3 thousand tons.
Promising breeding directions are observed for
increasing assortment of rice products in Russian
markets with a view to import substitution. It is
mentione that Russian breeders have developed group
of exclusive varieties: Rubin, Mars, Viola, Violetta,
Avstral, Ivushka, Natasha, Aromir etc. It is shown that
special purpose varieties currently occupy 3,5% of rice
acreage in the Krasnodar region and their cost is by
20-70% higher than that of traditional rice varieties. It
was found that for their implementation into
production and promotion on the consumer market we
need to develop agricultural techniques of cultivation
and seed production scheme in accordance with the
biological characteristics, conduct marketing
activities, promotion of a healthy diet
Urban trees can provide multiple environmental
benefits. The study of the state of the street tree and
shrubby vegetation from the analysis of inventory data
and environmental conditions is purpose the article.
The structure of 11 types of street roadside vegetation,
which determines about 93% of the greenery
composition of the city of Ekaterinburg is considered.
The structure of the examined tree-shrub vegetation
and all vegetation, which is part of the greening of
Ekaterinburg, is compared. For each tree (shrub) was
measured: species, number of stems, diameter of stem
at 1,3 m, tree height, height to base of live crown,
crown width, percent of branch dieback in crown,
percent of canopy volume devoid of leaves, number of
sides of the tree receiving sunlight from above,
distance and direction to building, distance to road. As
a result, homogeneity of illumination of various plant
species is received. Ash ordinary has the largest of all
plants values of the percent of the missing crown
(61.3%) and closest distance to the road. The effect on
the plants (by average distance) of urban buildings (7-
30 meters) and the proximity of the roadway (3-7
meters) was observed
In peach orchards of the Russian humid subtropics, leaf curl is the most dangerous and harmful disease. Due to the high degree of danger from the peach leaf curl, for the first time in this region the main task was to analyze peach leaf curl development on weather conditions. In order to solve the problem, it is proposed to apply a new innovative intellectual technology: automated system-cognitive analysis (ASK-analysis) and its software tools - the “Eidos” system. In order to build the model, based on our own observations and the experience of Russian and foreign colleagues, it was decided to use the following factors: the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C of the previous year (for the whole year), the sum of precipitation of the current year (for the period from January to April), the sum of precipitation of the previous year (for the whole year), the number of hours of infection (in the current year). It was established that such factors as the number of hours of infection, the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C in April and during the period from January to April, as well as the sum of precipitation in March and April, are the most important in the dynamics of peach leaf curl development and spread. High rates of leaf curl spread and development are caused by the number of hours of infection in the range of 1440 ... 2064 hours, as well as by low air temperatures in March and April (the sum of temperatures above +4 °C – 89,4-240,4° and 283,7-316,7°, respectively) and high air temperatures - in January and February (the sum of temperatures above +4 ° C – 155,3-259,6° and 243,5-280,1°, respectively)
An experiment has been carried out on the effect of
germination of seeds with perlite on the improvement
of the growth force of rye Vyatka-2. The purpose of
the experiment was to study the effect of perlite on
the growth force of seeds under the conditions of
additional fertilizers and changing the volume water
during irrigation. The task of the work was to
determinate the growth force of seeds with perlite.
The growth force of the seeds was determined after
10 days in sprouted seeds in five samples in glass
vessels with three different moisture conditions. It
was proved that germination of seeds with perlite
increased the seed growth force up to 28% in
comparison with seeds grown in sand (a control
sample). The result also depended on decreasing of
humidity rate up to 30-40%
The results of comparative analysis of three white muscat grades of grapes Viorika, the Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan according to the biological indicators of fructification, productivity, quality of berries, mechanical structure of bunches, suitability for manufacture of direct extraction juice and dry wines are depicted in the article. All studied grades differ by high percent of fruiting runaways and high factors of fruiting and fructification. The highest factors of fruiting and fructification of runaways are reflected at grade Viorika, and the lowest - at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways according to the length of a fruit spear are high and rather levelled at all grades. That is why, depending on bushes forming, it is possible to apply short and average (6-7 buds) length of vine cutting. Biological indicators of fructification of runaways from angular buds and sleeping buds are high enough, that shows to good regenerative ability of studied grades. Grades Viorika and the Muscat de Yaloven are tall, and the Muscat onitskan is average height. Degree of ripening of runaways at grades Viorika and the Muscat onitskan is good, at a grade the Muscat de Yaloven - satisfactory. Productivity of grades Viorika, Muscat de Yaloven and the Muscat onitskan is 77,94; 81,52 and 72,72 centner/hectares, and efficiency of runaway - 199,5; 193 and 221,9 with a significant difference between grades on both indicators. The exit of a mash at grades was 77,5-79,4 %. According to the contents of solids, sugars and acids, grapes of all grades correspond to requirements for manufacture of high-quality direct extraction juice. From grapes of these grades, it is possible to produce high-quality direct extraction juice under the name of ampelographic and blended grades.
Sampling estimation of dry wines from grapes of these grades fluctuates from 7,6 to 7,8 points: 7,8 (Viorika), 7,7 (the Muscat onitskan), 7,6 (the Muscat de Yaloven)
An analysis of the state of contamination of rice crops
with red-grained forms was carried out, as well as
impurity was found both in the seed material and in
the soil. It was shown that there is a need to switch to
non-weeding seed growing technology when
conducting elite and reproductive seed production.
Various variants of soil cultivation in combating the
red rice forms are considered, both in the main and in
the pre-sowing treatment. It has been found that after
harvesting rice on heavily foul areas, it is better to
burn straw, and not to carry out autumn tillage of the
soil, the seeds of red-grained forms die mostly when
wintering on the soil surface. The most effective
method of soil cultivation for controlling of red rice
forms in seed crops has been identified, in which the
yield is increased, and the contamination of crops and
the resulting rice grain is significantly reduced. The
work carried out will allow reducing manual labor
costs in the production of seeds, improving their
quality and assortment, speed up variety changing and
variety updating
We have presented opportunities to improve the nutritional value of wine production: improvement of biogenetic soil, using organic fertilizers. The nutritional value is ensured by not only high-quality biochemical diversity of berries, but also the safety of products that do not contain toxic inclusions. Bio-fertilizer stimulates the biotransformation of toxic soil residues to replenish soil nutrients for the plant, providing grape raw material with biologically active substances and improves the nutritional value of wine products. Food safety of grapes is ensured by reducing it residues of hazardous chemicals migrating from the soil into the plant and the grapes. It has been established, that after 3 years of application of biofertilizers we significantly improved food safety and quality in the biochemical parameters, especially important for the classic wine grape varieties. The soil content of toxic residues in grape raw material is reduced to 50%, the amount of organic acids increases by: 4,22 mg/dm3(Gallic, coffee acid, chlorogenic; 0.7 g/cm3 amber; of 1.33 mg/dm3 ascorbic; 0.25 mg/dm3 nicotinic
In the conditions of the two-factor field experiment,
the influence of four methods of incorporating straw in
the soil on the rice yield was studied: plowing, one-,
two- and three-time discs and three ways of
"processing" the straw: embedding in the soil of the
chopped straw in its pure form, together with
compensating nitrogen fertilizer and inoculated stubble
biodestructor Stemix ® Niva. It is shown that the
lowest yield is formed when straw is plowed, while
surface tillage of soil by one-, two- and three-fold
discs significantly increases the grain yield in
comparison with the plow by 2.4, 4.2 and 5.2 c / ha,
respectively. Taking into account that the double
disking provided an almost twice increase in the yield
of the crop and the absence of statistically significant
differences with the triple disking; it is this method of
incorporating the straw that should be considered the
most expedient. The introduction of a compensating
nitrogen fertilizer ensured a reliable increase in yield
by 5.1 and 3.7 centners per hectare in comparison with
the variants with the introduction of straw in pure form
and treatment with biopreparation. Calculation of the
share of the influence of the factors studied on the rice
yield showed that the method for embedding straw
provides 29.9% of the variability of the trait under
study, the method of straw treatment is 36.7%, and the
residual dispersion accounts for 33.4%. Incorporation
of chopped rice straw in the soil together with
compensating nitrogen fertilizer in the amount of 1%
of the mass of straw, by double discing, ensured the
receipt of a conventionally net income of 6940 rubles /
ha, the rate of return - 70.4% and the cost recovery -
1.7 rubles / rub
The steady development of modern pig farming
dictates the need for new priorities, opportunities and
requirements, such as reducing harmful environmental
impacts, more efficient use of resources, and provision
of comfortable conditions for the pig housing. The
creation of an appropriate ITS BAT in the branch will
optimize the activity of agricultural pig breeding
enterprises due to the transition to performance of
requirements based on BAT technological parameters,
to solve the problem of energy efficiency, import
substitution and increase of competitiveness. Their
integration will have an effect not only on improving
the ecological state of the environment, but also on the
economy of agricultural enterprises providing a new
approach to agricultural activity