Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Polythematic online scientific journal
of Kuban State Agrarian University
ISSN 1990-4665
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162 kb

TECHNIQUES FOR MAKING BIOLOGICS AND MINERAL NITROGEN AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE YIELD OF THE MIXED CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF GREY FOREST SOILS

abstract 1181604097 issue 118 pp. 1488 – 1500 29.04.2016 ru 628
In the conditions of grey forest soils in the Bryansk region among the fodder crops widespread mixed legume-cereal crops. The results showed that the photosynthetic activity of cereals and leguminous crops and their yields in mixed crops depended on made of biological and mineral nitrogen fertilizers. It is established that the nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate has a positive impact on the formation of assimilating leaf surface, photosynthetic potential and net productivity and yield of grain mixture in lupine-barley and soybean -barley cropping and pea-barley crops the use of nitrogen in the form of potassium nitrate was more favorable. It was found that in lupine-barley crops the active symbiotic potential has increased by 25,5% and the yield increased by 21,3% , in soybean-barley crops 28,5% and 19,2% respectively, due to the joint use of a mixture of symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria and mineral nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate in the dose of N60. In pea-barley agrocenosis it has improved the efficiency of cultivation of joint application of mixed inoculant symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria on the background of the application of mineral nitrogen in the form of potassium nitrate in the dose of N60, where there was an increase of the active symbiotic potential by 34,7% and grain yield by 24,7% compared to the option when adding the mixture of biological products
141 kb

APPROACHES TO JUSTIFICATION OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIPHYTOTICS ON WINTER WHEAT CROPS

abstract 1181604103 issue 118 pp. 1576 – 1586 29.04.2016 ru 475
The article examines the creation of the expert system in the development of epiphytotics in winter bread wheat sowing. Increasing the accuracy of the forecast epiphytotics should be based on the improvement forecasting of move daily temperature (minimum, maximum and average). In this case, the calculation algorithm must not be cumbersome. In the algorithm, there are indicators of cyclical annual variations of temperature, i.e. the change in average daily temperatures for the year. For the treatment method of local forecast of daily average temperatures during the year used data of meteorological station for 9 years. Having considered the main issues to epidemics of brown rust and its influence on the production of wheat cenoses, you can proceed to the modeling expert logic. The analysis includes the following indicators: cultivated variety; agricultural machinery (predecessor, fertilizer, pre-processing, and others.); general condition of sowing; phase of plant development at the time of the field survey; date of onset of the disease (if selected); prevalence of sowing at the time of observation. Installed that the purposeful creation of varieties of winter wheat resistant to the pathogen, it is necessary to carry out environmental testing stability as a latent breeding and recommended sources and sustainability of donors, which will allow to plan economic occupancy resistant genotypes of winter wheat
168 kb

MONITORING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EPIPHYTOTICS OF PUCCINIA TRITICINA ROB. EX DESM F. SP. TRITICI ERIKSS. ET HENN. IN VARIETIES AND LINES OF WINTER WHEAT

abstract 1181604104 issue 118 pp. 1587 – 1598 29.04.2016 ru 527
The article considers approaches to conducting longterm observations, i.e. monitoring of the immunological characteristics of varieties of winter wheat. In our work, we use the following grading system for the immunological characteristics of winter wheat varieties for resistance to leaf rust in various stages of ontogeny: evaluation of sustainability in the seedlings in a phytotron, greenhouse complex; evaluation sustainability in a field of artificial infectious background; immunological evaluation based on phytosanitary monitoring in different ecological zones. In the initial stages, all the material is pre-tested in the field of infectious hatchery. We have performed an evaluation on the intensity of lesion and the type of plant response to the introduction of the pathogen. This approach allows getting rid of susceptible genotypes for a year. To describe the spread of rust, i.e., increase in population numbers we have used two types of curves: J-shaped and S-shaped. The article considers several winter wheat cultivars differing in susceptibility to leaf rust. It is established, that the increase in the population of brown rust occurs in conditions with limited food resources and it is described by the Ferxulsta function. Monitoring studies allow developing models taking into account the promotion of the parasite and its pressure on wheat cenosis as well as allow building an expert system that optimizes the protection of plants against leaf rust and used to study the behavior of genotypes with different immunological parameters when creating a model class
378 kb

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OILSEEDS PROCESSED PRODUCTS

abstract 1181604106 issue 118 pp. 1611 – 1622 29.04.2016 ru 518
Currently, we are constantly improving the recipes of fish feeds, this reduces the cost of feed per gain, and it overall decreases cost of fish. We search for alternative cheaper sources of nutrients. Leftovers of vegetable oil and oil extraction industry such as oil cakes and meals have been used as high-protein feed additives for a long time. This requires a strict scientific control, precluding the possibility of their harmful effects on animal health. In this regard, there was a comparative analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition traditionally used in compound feeds for sturgeons of sunflower cake and feed concentrate from "Sarepta" vegetable raw materials. During the research it was found that "Sarepta" is better than sunflower meal considering protein and essential amino acids content
176 kb

USING "SAREPTA" FEED CONCENTRATE FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS IN COMPOUND FEEDS FOR STURGEONS

abstract 1181604107 issue 118 pp. 1623 – 1636 29.04.2016 ru 572
Modern commodity sturgeon breeding is one of the profitable and dynamically developing directions of fish farming in the Russian Federation. Only the system of Rosrybhoz has more than 40 enterprises of different ownership forms for the cultivation of sturgeons. In 2012, in agricultural farming of the Russian Federation we had grown more than 2.0 thousand tons of sturgeon. Crucial role to maintain normal functioning of the body of the fish when grown in closed recirculation systems plays complete and balanced nutrition. Proper organization of biologically full feeding of fish helps to maximize expression of their genetic potential. The article presents the results of the researches of the efficiency of using feed concentrate from vegetable raw materials called "Sarepta" in the composition of feed additives for 2-year old Russian sturgeons
701 kb

ROBOTIC MEANS IN PLANT GROWING

abstract 1181604109 issue 118 pp. 1651 – 1661 29.04.2016 ru 590
The article considers tendencies of development of the agroindustrial complex based on intellectualization of technical means, development and implementation of robotic machines in different manufacturing operations. We have analyzed design features and practical application of robots with vision systems in crop production. We have identified the feasibility and effectiveness of the introduction of new physical methods of processing plants by means of robotic tools that will automate technological processes of processing plants. The article describes the analysis of the mobility of the model of robots developed in the WIM based on mathematical simulation at different operating conditions. To check the model, we present calculations of the dynamic behavior of the robot body at different driving modes. The study shows the graphs of movement parameters obtained from the results of simulation and dynamics of dispersal. The analysis identified the advantages of technological application of the robot on the example of gardening
157 kb

abstract 1181604108 issue 118 pp. 1637 – 1650 29.04.2016 ru 577
This article presents the results of the use of feed concentrate from vegetable raw materials called "Sarepta" in the amount of 5, 7.5% and 10% by weight of the feed, instead of sunflower meal in the feeding of Russian sturgeons. Studies have been conducted among 3 year old Russian sturgeons in the conditions of PRIBOY company in the Bykovsky district of the Volgograd region. The experiment lasted 24 weeks. Replacing sunflower meal with a product of processing of oilseeds - feed concentrate Sarepta, made from vegetable raw materials, in the composition of feed for sturgeons had a positive effect on live weight, absolute, average daily and relative gains and costs of feed. The use of "Sarepta" feed concentrate, made from vegetable raw materials in the feeding of Russian sturgeon contributes to the increase of live weight of 3.1-6.0 per cent, an absolute increase of live weight by 5.07-9.82 percent, and average daily and relative body weight increase. It was also found, that we had a decrease in feed consumption during the period of experience in the experimental groups. Morphological and biochemical parameters in experimental fish in all groups were within the physiological norm, which indicates a normally occurring redox processes in the body
226 kb

PRODUCTS OF PROCESSING OF RAPESEED IN FEEDING OF FARM ANIMALS AND POULTRY

abstract 1171603016 issue 117 pp. 284 – 304 31.03.2016 ru 349
In the current economic conditions of the import substitution, special importance is given to the search for new feed sources, methods of preparing them for feeding, the use of biologically active substances and enzymes. At the forefront of feed production is rape as breeding work with this culture has showed positive results. Currently, selectionists have bred yellow double-zero "00" varieties of rapeseeds free of erucic acid of "Canole" type, that have low glucosinolate level. The development of new and modern technology standards are required for preparation them for feeding, since they are fundamentally different from the previously used rapeseed varieties and have fewer restrictions for feeding to different types of farm animals and poultry. The article presents a fairly lengthy and reasoned review of the literature of a large number of authors on the topic, as well as given rapeseed market analysis, rational and advanced methods of preparing rapeseed processed products for feeding to young and adult animals. Much attention is paid to the use of a variety of biologically active substances and enzymes, which improve digestion and absorption of nutrients from rations with rapeseed processingproducts, increase productivity and reduce feed costs per unit of production. The use of processing products of rapeseed improves the profitability of livestock production. Feeding of rapeseedcake to cattle increases the protein content and volatile fatty acids in the rumen content, increases the number of infusoria and decreases ammonia levels. The inclusion of rape forage in diets of farm animals and poultry improves hematological parameters. Products of rapeseed processing of the varieties with low glucosinolatesa1re recommended for the rations of farm animals and poultry depending on the species, age and physiological state
146 kb

THE INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE OF RAMS ON THE QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MEAT

abstract 1171603022 issue 117 pp. 372 – 382 31.03.2016 ru 663
The article presents the results of the qualitative assessment of meat of crossbred rams. The analysis of the data shows that crossbred rams of 2, 3 and 4 groups increased the absolute mass of muscle tissue compared with purebred 12.3; of 18.2 and 25.6%, respectively. Fine-wooled rams were superior in the relative content of bone in carcasses of crossbred 1.1- 4.2 percent. Output of pulp for 1 kg of bones had the advantage of crossbred rams 2, 3 and 4 groups compared with purebred 0.12; 0.24 percent and 0.44 kg respectively. The analysis of the data shows that in carcasses of young animals of all the groups the greatest specific weight took cuts of the 1st sort. Nevertheless, the valuable parts to carcass weight balance was higher in the carcasses of the crossbred calves. So, rams 2, 3 and 4 groups, this advantage was 1.9; 4.5 and 4.7%, respectively. Thus, the analysis of a complex of indicators characterizing the quality of meat rams of different genotypes revealed that the superiority for the studied indices took place for two - and three-bred animals. These options of both simple and complex industrial crossing are promising and can be implemented and used in the farms of Merino and crossbred sheep
1171 kb

HARMFULNESS OF SONCHUS OF PINK IN SOWING SUNFLOWER

abstract 1171603025 issue 117 pp. 404 – 419 31.03.2016 ru 686
The article presents the results of the study of harmfulness of pink sonchus in sunflowers plantations
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