The article gives a brief summary on the results of the
introduction of rose varieties of climbing type in the
central sub-zone of the Krasnodar region. Starting
from the year 2000 in our institute a collection of roses
from different garden groups, which includes 164
varieties, has been formed. Presently the rose varieties
with long stems (from 2.5 m or more) are popular
among specialists of landscape industry and floristlovers.
Therefore we carry on introductions and study
rose varieties of the groups of Rambler and LargeFlowered
Climber. Rose varieties with valuable
decorative signs, with enhanceable resistance to cold
and drought-resistingness are selected. The valuable
varieties and sources of the indicated signs are
identified. Varieties of Albertine, American Pillar,
Devichiy grezy are the sources of bright flower color;
Bobbie James, Dorothy Perkins, Duc de Constantine -
sources of long (more than 4 meters) of flexible
shoots Warthburg - the source of early flowering.
Variety New Daun - one of the few varieties of
Rambler, which is characterized by re-bloom
throughout the growing season in the conditions of the
Krasnodar region. The indicative collection of several
rose varieties includes the group of Large-Flowered
Climber. A variety called Adzhimushkay is a source of
large fragrant flowers of bright and early flowering.
For the variety of Crimskiy Motive we noted the
presence of a valuable feature - long flowering during
the dry season (July-August). Flammentanz was
included into the collection as one of the most winter
resistant varieties of large-flowered. Promising
varieties of the series of Super Rambler in the
conditions of Krasnodar in the dry season formed short
shoots, and flowers were not formed. Rose varieties
included into the collection can be considered
indicative of "anchor" genotypes, which are valuable
for involvement into the selection process
The article has considered the influence of modern
climate changes on the intensity of erosion processes
within the boundaries of the basic landscapes of the
region. It has given the results of the spatial
distribution of the rainfalls. The most noticeable
climate changes of the Bryansk region are reflected in
the decrease in the activity of erosion during snowmelt
due to the lower amounts of snow and soil frost depth.
In the area, the dynamics of rainfall does not detect a
single trend. The processes of erosion and deflation are
studied in the relationship, the manifestation of these
processes on the territory of the Bryansk region. It has
published the results of the risk analysis of erosion and
deflation on forest soils of the region and justified the
application of G. V. Bastrakov’s method for
modeling erosion-resistant agricultural landscapes.
This approach has a number of advantages over the
other known methods. In our case, regardless of soil
and climatic and geomorphological conditions, the
challenge is to ensure such events in which erosion
resistance of the land will not be below a critical value.
The research results are the initial data in designing
soil conservation activities on the territory of the
Bryansk region. The obtained data of the erosive
properties of soils from climatic changes enable the
study and forecasting of the development of
agricultural landscapes of the region in the medium
term
During 2012-2015 from the two fissile populations
of rice hybrid Il.14 x Kuboyar and Il.28 x Kuboya
we conducted multidirectional selection of panicles
with low, medium and high number of grains in
them. It was established a different reaction to the
selection of hybrid generations by yield. The lowest
yield was formed at planting grain from small panicles,
intermediate - from the middle panicles and
biggest - from the major panicles. The reaction to
selection decreased with each successive generation.
In the hybrid Il.14 x Kuboyar at positive selection of
the yield increase towards the initial population F2
was in F3 - 10,5%, in the F4 - 3,8% and F5 - 1,9%, at
Il.28 x Kuboyar - respectively 4, 4%, 3.1% and
0.7%. At negative selection in Il.14 x Kuboyar there
was a decrease of yield on 7.7% F3, in F4 on 6.9%
and in F5 on 0.2%. By years of research was not observed
variations in grain yield obtained from the
panicle with an average grainness and generally was
at the level of the original population. At the hybrid
Il.28 x Kuboyar for negative selection of the relative
yield initially decreased on 1.7% in F3, while then for
all kinds of selection to the fifth generation grew up
and different to a lesser extent than the first the hybrid,
although the ranks of the values preserved. The
yield from a fraction of well-grained was 98.4%,
medium grained - 96.5%, low grained - 94.2% of the
initial Kuboyar variety
The article highlights the issues of grape plants resistance
to low temperatures; it is an urgent problem for
all wine-growing regions of the world, located in the
zone of risky agriculture. Losses caused by frost, indicate
long-standing necessity of perfection of assortment
in terms of enhancing its hardiness by enriching
more resistant genotypes obtained both through the
introduction or naturalization, as well as from the
crossing of indigenous with interspecies hybrids. Methodology for evaluating frost resistance properties
of the material served as a preparation for the originality
of his research and experimental evaluation of the
unique divisibility properties of the aim. Thus, we initially
conducted hardening of matured cuttings at positive
temperature plus 8 plus 4 ° C for 14 days (I
quenching phase) and a negative temperature minus 5 °
C-minus 7 ° C for 9 days and minus 10 ° C-1 day (II
hardening phase). Then the cuttings we frozen in the
temperature range from minus 16 ° C to the next steps
of consistent freezing (minus 16 ° C - 2 days; minus 18
° C - 2 days; minus 20 ° C - 2 days; minus 22 ° C –
1day, minus 24 ° C - 1 day, minus 26 ° C - 1 day, minus
28 ° C - 1 day and minus 30 ° C - 8 hours). After
freezing of cuttings of each variety, the sample was
placed on the 3 days in the refrigerator at the temperature
of + 2 ° C to their gradual thawing. Cuttings were
grown at room temperature on water. As a result, obtained
by the accounting: the lowest frost-resistance
among the studied forms of parental Crimean origins
was found in grades of Shabash, Soldayya and Solnechnodolinsky;
the varieties of Dzevat kara, Kokur
bely, Kokur cherny, Misket, Misgyuli kara, Sari Pandas
were set as a weak level (-20 °C); Aybatly, Kefesiya,
Kok pandas and Ekim kara have average level up
to -22 °C; the highest frost-resistance - 24 °C – was
shown by Khersonessky and Kapselsky. Also, we have
identified synthetic frost-resistant F1-population and
plus-transgressive selection form
High growth-rate of plantlet is the integral index of
intensity of physiological processes at rice and other
cultures. 20 typical plantlets from each of two
variants were studded (in the distilled water in
thermostat at a temperature 29° C) by:
length of embryonic root and coleoptile. Comparative
analysis of trait characterizing the growth rates of rice
varieties showed reliable advantage of Russian ones
above the Italian and Chinese. Local varieties,
regionalized until the year 2000, exceed new ones on
this trait. Highest growth rates were characterized by
medium grain samples. The white grain and red grain
varieties are excelled other groups on the height of
plantlet. Analysis rates of height of plantlets in the
distinguished groups showed the necessity of
prosecution of improvement of the above enumerated
signs at the varieties of late term of ripening, long
grain, with Waxy gene, colored grain. We recommend
to sow this type of varieties on fields with good
leveling, because of low speed of growth
Productivity of seeds of cereal crops essentially
depends on the quality of the seed grain, which is
being defined both by biological condition of seeds
and technologies and technical resources, which are
being used in, machine processing of seed heap. In this
connection, different injuries of weevils which are
occurred while mechanical and thermomechanical
influences from tools of machines and aggregates have
got vital importance. Apart from the breaches of
integrity of the weevil’s cover there are also exist
traumatizing changes of its inside structures which are
frequently covered with casings and do not being
viewed with visual inspection. Conditions of inside
structures of weevils were researched with
radiographic method and also were defined possible
types of traumatizing changes which depend on
mechanical and thermomechanical influences, which
were eliminated in universal classification of injures
among the inside structures of seeds of agricultural
cultures. Also, wу have analyzed the influence of
chosen types of injuries on seeds’ sowing qualities and
found that all injures of weevils essentially and
differentially influenced the sowing and fruitful
qualities and should be considered while choosing the
technological schemes of preparation, working tools
and while tuning the aggregates’ regime of work
attached to the machine processing of grain and seed
heap
This article presents the experimental material obtained
from long-term stationary experiment of GNU
"Severokubanskaya agricultural experimental station"
in P.P. Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research
Institute. Stationary experience was founded in 1978. It
had two ten-course crop rotations and combined graingrass
tilled. The ordinary black soil, low-humic, heavy
loamy in mechanical composition. The capacity of humus
horizon is 113-116 cm with a total content of humus
on the date of the experience beginning is 3.88%.
Arable (0-30cm) layer was characterized by the following
parameters: total nitrogen content - 0.22-0.24, mineral
-10,0-10,5mg / kg of soil, total phosphorus-0,16-
0,19%, labile phosphorus - 12,2-12,9mg / kg soil total
potassium -1,7-2,0%, exchange potassium- 386mg / kg
soil. The degree of saturation of bases is 80-90%. The
amount of absorbed bases is 30-40 m ekvg/ 100 g of
soil. The reaction of the soil solution is weakly alkaline
(PH water 8.0-8.2). The predecessor is winter wheat.
General Agrotechnics is recommended for a given soil
and climate of region. Solid mineral fertilizer were applied
as mineral fertilizers in combination with organic
fertilizer in the form of half-decomposed cattle manure. According to agro-climatic zonation the northern zone
of the Krasnodar region, where the research was conducted,
is related to the zone of insufficient watering
with hydrothermal coefficient 0.7-0.9 with an annual
rainfall of 350.5 to 899.8 mm. During the autumn and
winter period, which determines the accumulation of
water in the soil, from 150.3 to 426.8 mm of rain falls
or 30,4-68,9% of the annual amount. During the vegetation
of sugar beet from germination to harvest -112,0-
588,9mm of rain falls, with an average daily temperature
of the air 16,5-20,000С, including the period of the
greatest growth of roots and accumulation of sugar
from 3.2 to 557.1 of rain falls with air temperature
19,5-28,800С. Hydrothermal index is 0,01-2,83. During
the years of the research 19% of years have been characterized
as unfavorable (hydrothermal index 0.67),
44% of years as moderate on moisture supply and temperature
conditions (hydrothermal index 0.99) and 37%
of years as favorable (hydrothermal index 1.05). The
generalization of the research results obtained by us in
the long-term stationary experiment, allowed us to estimate
the impact of different standards and systems of
fertilizer on the productivity of sugar beet and sugar
content in the roots. On average, during the years of
research, the root harvest under the influence of fertilizer
amounted to 36,7-45,6 t / ha per unit area with the
addition to the control variant, that isn’t manurable,
amounted from 6.6 to 15.5 t / ha. The highest yield of
root is 43,0-45,6 t / ha which was obtained with systems
of fertilizer with complete mineral nutrition
The article deals with the effectiveness of mineral and
organic fertilizers in long-term application (for more
than thirty years) according to the influence on the
fertility of ordinary black soil of the Western Ciscaucasia
and productivity of sugar beet. The investigations
were carried out in the long-term stationary experiment
laid on the experimental stationary section "Severokubanskaya
agricultural experimental station" of P.P.
Lukyanenko Krasnodar Agricultural Research Institute.
The experiment was laid simultaneously in time
and space in two ten-course crop rotations and combined
grain-grass tilled. In the structure of sown areas
sugar beet occupied 10% of crop rotation area and was
placed after the winter wheat. During three rotations it
was studied: 1- control without fertilizer with natural
forming level of mineral nutrition; 2- minimal dose
N21P26K16 3- medium dose N43P52K33 ; 4 - N43P52K33,
5- high dose N96P104K68; 6- organo-mineral system¹
N43P52K34 + 12 t/ha of manure; 7- organo-mineral system²
N20P24K34 + II-III rotations tillage of straw crop
+ 6 t/ha of manure; 8- medium dose P52K33; 9- medium
dose N43K33; 10- medium dose N43K52. The soil which
is used by organo-mineral system with increased and
high standards of mineral fertilizers had higher concentration
of mineral nitrogen. Long systematic application of fertilizer had more noticeable effect on soil
phosphorus regime. The provision of soil by exchange
potassium tended to decline from rotation to rotation.
If at the completion of the first rotation the content of
this battery was at the level 362,0-433,0 mg / kg of
soil, in 2010, these values were 356,0-405,0 mg / kg of
soil, remaining at the level of increased and high provision
characterized to ordinary black-soil. Fertilizers
for crop rotation provided almost equal yield increase:
in the first rotation - 4,9-16,0 t / ha in the second 5,3-
17,1, the third 6,1-15,5 t / ha. In the moderate favorable
for moisture and temperature conditions during
the first and third rotation (hydrothermal index 0,8-
0,76), the value of sugar beet yield was 30,1-46,1 and
35,7-52,1 t / ha, in comparison with tougher conditions
for the second rotation (hydrothermal index 0,41-
1,96) higher up to 2,6-6,5 9,2-16,0 t / ha.
Research carried out in long-term stationary experiment
showed that long-term use of fertilizers prevents
to the loss of soil organic substances, supporting the
humus content at the level of 3.95-3.99%, and organicsystems
contribute to its reproduction to 4,01-4,21%.
soil nitrogen state is stabilized. However, there is a
tendency of decrease of the exchange potassium in
mineral fertilizer systems. In the conditions of insufficient
moisture supply of the northern zone of Krasnodar
region the most applicable norm is N60P90R60, both
in mineral and organic-systems, ensuring the collection
of root crops within 43,0-45,2 t / ha, with an estimated
amount of sugar 6,92-7, 14 t / ha. The given systems of
fertilizer provide the yield of root crops 53,3-56,0 t /
ha with the synthesis of sugar 8,19-8,70 t / ha. Increasing
the rate of fertilizer in 2 times from medium to
N120P160R120 doesn’t increase the productivity, reduce
sugar content of root crop to 0.4-0.8%. It is undesirable
to use fertilizer that are unbalanced in nutrition
elements in which root crops yield declines from 5.4 to
19.0%, and current biological sugar from 6,1 to 25,9%
The process of the presowing seed treatment with
alternating electromagnet field of the commercial
frequency (EMF CF) 50 Hz is economically
efficient. The use of the EMF CF 50 Hz in the unit
with ring pole pieces allows increasing the
germinating energy and power. The electromagnet
seed treatment in the units with ring pole pieces is
the perspective process of the presowing treatment
which does not make unhealthy influence on the
operating personnel. At the presowing treatment one
has to take into account three factors; they are the
arrangement of seeds in the working chamber, the
time of treatment and the seed humidity. In this
article the authors recommend to promote the unit
consisting of a magnetic circuit with ring pole
pieces of the rectangular cross-section, a
magnetizing coil and an embedding of the nonmagnetic
material in the working chamber which
allows to increase the germinating energy of spring
barley by 10% and the germination by 6,5%. The
addition to crop capacity has run to 7% as a result of
the spring barley treatment. We analyzed the
parameters of the working chamber of the
alternating electromagnetic field source of industrial
frequency of 50 Hz, we established the dependence
of the rate of treatment on the parameters and
modes of installation, which are confirmed by
laboratory tests. Long-term field studies revealed
that the field germination rate of the seeds of spring
barley treated with EMF IF, even under adverse
weather conditions, exceeds by more than 8% of the field germination rate of control samples
The article presents the material of forecasting for grape
yield of next year and establishing the optimal loading if
cutting of bushes. The material includes 14 varieties of
grapes, 11 of them are technical and 3 are table ones. For
each year of stable high yield of grapes, it is necessary to
pre-set the optimum length of fruit cutting of shoots and
optimum load on the bush healthy eyes. To do this for
each variety on the eve of trimming bushes we perform
optimum productivity analysis of wintering buds of fruit
along the length of shoots, i.e. we implement forecasting
of grape yield for next year. We have a plan of forecasting
for yields of vineyards by microscopy of wintering
buds on one-year shoots of fruit ripened grapes in order
to establish the potential of embryonic establishment of
inflorescences in the central holes of buds. Based on the
analysis of buds, the indices were calculated for wintering
fruiting buds and their degree of damage during the
growing season. It was revealed, that the majority of
grape varieties under study shows high tab embryonic
inflorescences in central buds in overwintering buds for
next year yield. Higher rates at a rate of fruiting buds
were wintering in the varieties: Moldova (section 27). -
1.66; Bianca (section 6). - 1.83; Kunlean (section 15). -
1.71; Merlot (section 14). - 1.64; Saperavi (section 56). -
1.76. The lowest rates of fructification - the varieties
Muscat Hamburg (section 21) and Augustine (section
11) and were respectively 1.20 and 1.24. As a planned
productivity, we offered the optimal loading model of
cutting bushes buds. As a result of productivity analyzes
of buds along the length of the fruit shoots in 2016 we
recommended to carry out pruning of fruit annual shoots
3-4 buds of the form of AZOS-1 and the form of cordon
- 5-6 buds