Scientific Journal of KubSAU

Polythematic online scientific journal
of Kuban State Agrarian University
ISSN 1990-4665
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158 kb

CONTEMPORARY TRENDS OF FORMATION AND USING OF MATERIAL STOCKS AND EXPENSES IN BRANCH OF CROP RESEARCH

abstract 1151601039 issue 115 pp. 632 – 642 27.01.2016 ru 677
The most important component of current assets of the agricultural organizations are material stocks. The optimum quantity of them is necessary for production process. The special aspects of formation and using of material stocks in crop research on micro- and meso-levels are considered in the article. It is established that the stok of fertilizers, crop-protection agents, seeds and planting material are exposed to considerable amplitudes of fluctuations during the different periods of year. The natural and biological cycle of development of plants needs of concentration of material stocks at the beginning of a production cycle that causes the necessity of attraction of the credits and commercial loans. The author studied material inputs structure in branch of crop research in Krasnodar region and its change in dynamics. The leading role of mineral fertilizers in formation of cumulative material inputs is revealed and the level of its production in the region is analysed. The researching character of the article is confirmed by the calculations and the analysis of legislative documents regarding recovery and increasing of soil fertility in Kuban region. The author emphasizes need of strengthening of the state intervention in price control in the market of mineral fertilizers, formations of sales system, aimed at minimization of dealers number in a chain "production – processing – consumption"
297 kb

IMPLEMENTATION OF POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF THE OLD VARIETIES OF WINTER WHEAT

abstract 1151601051 issue 115 pp. 829 – 848 27.01.2016 ru 562
In the article, we discuss issues of morphological and physiological control over plants of winter wheat. As the object of the research, we have selected landraces - the population of winter wheat, which was grown on the territory of the Kuban region in the last century. The aim of this work was determination of the effect on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties of factors such as conditions of cultivation and processing "Cecece 750" 1.5 l/ha D. V. crop retardant. To achieve this goal we have conducted a morphological analysis of the growth cone at the VI stage of organogenesis, which provide quantitative evaluation of potential future seed production of spike of winter wheat. To study the effect of the year of breeding on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties the analysis of variance was calculated according to the scheme 3×7 factorial variability characteristic due to the influence of genotype (factor B), cultivation year (factor A), that is repeated in time is interpreted as the effect of the year conditions of cultivation. The influence of retardant on the reproductive system of winter wheat varieties was conducted using the analysis of variance on the above described scheme, 2×7, where the factor "A" is presented in two gradations (options, retardant treated and not treated), in this case, repeated for years was excluded as a factor. The result of researches indicates that the rate of realized productivity is variety-specific and can serve as a measure of the flexibility of the studied cultivars to different environmental conditions. The analysis of variance showed significant retardant effect on the realization of potential productivity in all variants of the crops of soft winter wheat. The comparison of the average general population indicates that the genetic potential of tall varieties may not manifest even in favorable for crop cultivation. The artificial reduction of plant height by inhibiting the growth of retardant is an effective way to identify high productivity of these genotypes as varieties of winter and Nemenchinskaya Old No. 346
185 kb

IMPROVEMENT OF SEED CROPS IN THE KRASNODAR REGION

abstract 1151601056 issue 115 pp. 894 – 907 27.01.2016 ru 750
The main detected problems in selection system and seed industry consist of depreciation of laboratory equipment and specialized technique; the lack of funds and low incentives for creators of sorts; decreasing of volumes of elite and original seeds production in the Krasnodar region; common use of low reproduction seeds in production of grain. The existing stairs of seed multiplication system are examined, as well as their organizational and legal status. Directions of improvement of system of state support in this field are defined on the basis of presenting subsidies and preferences on purchasing of import of highly specialized equipment, provided that there are no domestic equivalent; correction of requirements in order of receipt of support for development of elite and original seed industry. The necessity of creation of united seed selection center of seed industry in the Krasnodar region on the basis of a specialized research Institute (KNISH of Lukyanenko). Though, as the result of providing by center of consistent recommendations on peculiarities of cultivation of sorts and their adaptive placement, maintenance of contractual relations based on principals of franchising, evaluation of sort and sowing index of quality of seed lots and hybrids, will allow to speed up the development of domestic seed industry, increase the quality of corn farming in region
259 kb

ACTUAL PROBLEMS IN ORGANIZATION OF FEEDING IN MODERN CONDITIONS

abstract 1151601060 issue 115 pp. 951 – 980 27.01.2016 ru 943
Modern pig farming is a leading global livestock industry, but the organization of adequate balanced feeding is actual for the industry. Digestibility of metabolizable energy of feed depends on various factors, including the content of non-starch polysaccharides, which have a negative effect on the digestibility of key nutrients of the feed, lead to a decrease in growth rate and conversion efficiency of nutrients. Enzyme preparations which composition generally includes Xylanase, cellulase, β-glucanase activities, may avoid the negative impact of non-starch polysaccharides. Today's promising preparation that combines the functions of two feed additives - feed enzyme and probiotic, is an enzyme preparation Cellobacterin that, due to the particular organization of the enzyme complex, increases the digestibility of barley grain and effectively effects on sunflower meal. As a probiotic preparation it inhibits the development of pathogenic microorganisms and promotes the formation of beneficial microflora in the digestive tract. The introduction of Cellobacterin enzyme preparation into the compound feed with a high content of barley grain and sunflower meal increases the body weight of young pigs by 4.8% and reduces the cost of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain. The results of hematological studies found no significant deviations from the physiological norm in the morphological picture of the blood in experimental animals. The group, where Cellobacterin was added, showed higher vitamin A content by 2.8% as compared to the control, while vitamin E is found in both groups on the same level. Based on the results of the research to improve the productivity and growth rate in compound feed based on barley and sunflower meal with higher fiber content, it is recommended to include in the compound feed Cellobacterin enzyme preparation at the rate of 1 kg per 1 ton of feed
723 kb

IMPACT OF GROWTH REGULATORS WHICH WERE NOT USED EARLIER IN CLONAL MICROPROPAGACTION ON MICROSHOOTS OF PLUM IN VITRO

abstract 1151601065 issue 115 pp. 1038 – 1045 27.01.2016 ru 889
The article presents results of the assessment of the efficiency of non-hormonal preparations which were not earlier applied in culture in vitro with high physiological activity (the preparations received by production of furfural, and also derivatives and compositions of organic acids) during regenerations of microshoots of plum, comparison of their influence with influence of growth regulators which are traditionally used in clonal micropropagation. These experimental preparations were received when processing waste of agricultural production. In this work we used: technology of clonal micropropagation of plants of in vitro, statistical data processing by method of the dispersive analysis. The objects of researches were microshoots of plum of a Stanley variety. We have established that on mediums with the preparations "Universal", sodium succinate, potassium succinate, amber acid, L-1 the large, intensively colored plum microshoots develop surpassing control (medium with BAP of 1 mg/l, IBA of 0,1 mg/l, gibberellic acid of 0,5 mg/l) in morphometric parameters. Thus, the preparations "Universal", sodium succinate, potassium succinate, amber acid, L-1 in concentration of 4,0 mg/l proved as the growth factors which are favorably influencing on plantlets’ regeneration and a qualitative condition of microshoots of plum
1304 kb

ABOUT THE APPEARANCE OF RESISTANCE TO POWDERY OIDIUM IN F1-POPULATIONS OF CRIMEAN INDIGENOUS GRAPE VARIETIES

abstract 1151601067 issue 115 pp. 1058 – 1073 27.01.2016 ru 975
Peculiarities of breeding oidium-resistant genotypes in crossing Crimea autochthonous grape varieties with complex interspecific hybrids were studied. Twentytwo populations consisting of 1323 seedlings were analyzed over a period of 2008-2014. The highest oidium resistance was registered in the progeny of the cross Khersonesskii х ЖС 26-205 (6.8 points), and the average estimate of oidium resistance across all the study populations was higher than that of the initial autochthonous grapes of the Crimea. The level of hypothetical heterosis in the majority of the study populations indicates that, on the whole, the hybrid seedlings possess a higher oidium resistance relative to the initial Crimea autochthonous grapes. The highest breeding value was associated with cross combinations having the complex interspecific hybrids Muscat JIM, Spartanets Magaracha and Magarach 31-77-10 in their pedigrees. The cross combination Muscat JIM х Shabash was the most efficient, yielding 10.7 per cent of oidium-resistant seedlings. It was reliably established that a high level of the genotypically determined inheritance of oidium resistance is found in crosses with the participation of the interspecific forms Magarach № 31-77-10 and Muscat JIM (female parents) and Spartanets Magaracha and Tsitronnyi Magaracha (male parents). The expediency of this direction of breeding research was proved
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INFLUENCE THE STOCKS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPES AND ALIGOTE WINE

abstract 1151601086 issue 115 pp. 1349 – 1364 27.01.2016 ru 711
The article presents results of the six-year study of the effect of stocks Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 and Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB on yield, quality of grapes and Aligote wine in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Effect of stock on scion strongly depends on the annual weather conditions. In a given year, there is a stock better adapted to the weather conditions. Stocks of Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 increase winter hardiness, and the stock Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB - drought-resistant varieties of Aligote. On average, during six years the stock has not been resulted in significant differences between the percentages of developed into shoots buds and fertile shoots shown in the coefficients of fruiting and fruitbearing shoots of Aligote. Among all the influencing factors, the degree of influence of stocks on the percentage of buds have evolved to 16,4 %, by the percentage of productive shoots 19,8 %, a factor of the fruiting shoots and fruitfulness of 3,9 % and 2,7 %, respectively. Some differences in forming of generative organs of wintering buds along the fruiting twig under the influence of stocks do not lead to the significant difference in biological terms of fruiting varieties in the whole piece. On average, six years of significant differences in the influence of rootstocks on the number of berries in bunches, hundred berries weight, an average weight of bunches and yield is not defined - the degree of influence of stocks on mentioned indicators is 0,1-9,7 %. A significant impact of stocks on the dynamics of sugar accumulation in berries has not been discovered. The degree of influence of stocks onto the final sugar content and acidity of berries is 2.9 and 1.0%, respectively. The wine produced from Aligote berries on a stock Riparia × Rupestris 101-14 has the better tasting score than on the stock Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB (7.9 and 7.8 points, respect vely). The main influence on fruiting of the variety Aligote was provided by the conditions of the current and previous vegetation. Within the conditions of the central zone of the Krasnodar region the cultivating of the variety of Aligote is reasonable for both studied stocks
164 kb

COMPATIBILITY OF VARIOUS DOSES OF ECOVENTURA AND LIMESTONE IN FEEDING OF REPLACEMENT YOUNG DUCKS

abstract 1141510010 issue 114 pp. 133 – 143 30.12.2015 ru 1047
The research is aimed at studying the compatibility of different doses of ecoventura (TU 9283-199- 10514645-13) and limestone in the diets of rearing of ducks of "Blagovarsky" cross and the impact on productive performance. As a result of scientific and economic experience obtained data on the dynamics of live weight in groups of rearing ducks indicate that ecomentors in combination with limestone have a growth promoting effect and a positive effect on the growth of ducklings. Best growth depending on dose administration of ecoventura and limestone in feed composition had a rearing ducks III (ecomentors (1,0%) + limestone (3,0%) by weight of the feed) and IV experimental groups (ecomentors (1,0%) + limestone (3,5%) by weight of the feed). The results of the study measurements (body length, keel length, breast width, chest girth, chest depth) and indices stature (massiveness, the meat content, arizonia), which were higher in males and females when fed with mixed fodder with the introduction of ecoventura and limestone in an amount of 1.0 and 3.5% respectively. Introduction to feed composition of ecoventura and limestone in an amount of 1.0 and 3.5%, respectively had a positive impact on exterior indicators of rearing ducks
220 kb

INFLUENCE OF PROTECTIVE COATINGS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF ONION CROPS

abstract 1141510011 issue 114 pp. 144 – 161 30.12.2015 ru 1012
The influence of protective coatings on changes in the biological characteristics of quality, germination, plant growth and development of the onion crop quantitative loss of garlic was investigated for the first time. The objects of research were winter garlic called Tien Shan and onion of Allan variety. Water solutions of polyvinyl alcohol PWS-5, paraffin coating Р, paraffin-cerezin composition PK-1 were studied as a protective coatings. Coating onions and chives before planting them in the ground delay germination, respectively at 1 and 2 weeks. Then, protective coatings act as growth stimulants. The greatest increase in green mass of garlic for 3 months (almost 2 times) compared to the control (uncoated) prepared using the hydrophobic coating РK-1. РK-1 increases the yield of garlic and onions in 1.5 times, and the seeds of onions in 1.3 times. It is recommended before planting onions to cover onions the PK-1 in order to prevent his fall germination and receive further large bulbs weighing 130-131 g. Carbohydrates, starch, vitamin C, and life-giving moisture garlic, it is best stored in a РK-1 coated serve after planting in soil more efficient power plant. As a result, such plant grows better, develops and gives higher yields
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ILLUVIAL PROCESSES AS A FACTOR OF WATER EROSION IN IRRIGATED SOILS OF THE ZAVOLZHUE REGION

abstract 1141510017 issue 114 pp. 237 – 247 30.12.2015 ru 1045
The article considers one of the types of water erosion – illuvial process, the redistribution of dispersed particles in the soil profile due to irrigation. The proposed description of the process of moving silt particles in the soil profile is based on the theory of viscose-plastic continuum motion
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