DYNAMICS OF CATALASE ACTIVITY IN THE LEAVES OF APPLE TREES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR FERTILIZING
The research was conducted studying the effect of
various system of foliar fertigation on catalase activity
in the apple orchard with drip irrigation in 2013-2014.
The object of research were apple trees of
Zhigulevskoye variety grafted on rootstock 62-396 in
experimental intensive apple orchard of I.V. Michurin
FSC which had been planted in 2007. During
vegetation, the following indices were determined in
apple tree leaves in dynamics: catalase activity by
gasometrical method of M.I Lishkevich on the 3rd and
5
th day after treatments, the content of nitrogen
(Kjeldahl method), phosphorus (KFK-3), potassium
and calcium (Jenway PFP-7). Data were statistical
processed according to the generally accepted methods
described by B.A. Dospekhov. It has been established
that foliar fertigation increased catalase activity on the
3
rd day after treatment, which then decreases to normal
values. So, treatments acted as a stress factor.
Correlation of catalase activity with nitrogen content in
the leaves increased, and with calcium content
decreased as the number of megafol mixed with
calcium calbit treatments was enlarged. Using tank
mixtures for multiple treatments with combination of
antistress preparations and calcium-containing
agrochemicals allows to moderate significantly the
stress effect of foliar fertilizing on plants
This article presents results of trials of feed additives
called "Yoddar-Zn" and "Glimalask-Vet" to improve
quality characteristic of meat of beef cattle. It was
established that the most efficiency of these additives
was achieved when used in complex. The carcasses of
calves, which were consuming a complex of additives
"Yoddar-Zn” and “Glimalask-Vet” (I c.), contained
meat of the highest sort more than control by 6.48 kg,
the animals which consumed only "Yoddar-Zn” (II c.)
- 3.50 kg, the first-sort - at 15.19 and 7.86 kg. In
experimental groups of calves there were observed
more intense integral characteristics of meat color. The
flesh of carcasses from the calves of experimental
groups, the fat was higher than control, 0.13 and
0.07%, protein - by 1.79 and 0.97%. Animals
experimental groups synthesized more protein at 5.45
kg, or 13.70%, and 2.62 kg, or 6.59%, energy - to
304.3 MJ, or 18.17%, and 146.8 MJ, or 8.77%. Meat
of experimental animals, contained more essential
amino acids. Protein meat quality indicator was higher
than control, 0.73 and 0.28, amino acid index - by 0.17
and 0.04. The meat from calves of experimental group
had a higher culinary and technological parameters,
optimal fractional composition of muscle protein and
lipid composition of adipose tissue, better digestibility
For the production of high quality winter wheat grain,
it is necessary to observe the technology of growing
the crop and creating optimal conditions for the growth
and development of plants. An important role in it is
played not only by agrotechnical measures, but also by
effective protection of crops from pests. The
phytosanitary state of winter wheat sowings has
worsened significantly in recent years, however, the
degree of damage to crops and the harmfulness of
fungal diseases can be significantly reduced, and in
some cases completely prevented by treatment of crops
with fungicides. The range of fungicides is improved
annually by incorporating more effective and less
environmentally hazardous preparations. The research is aimed at determining the optimal rates of
consumption, the biological effectiveness of new
fungicides and assessing their effect on the yield of
winter wheat. As a result, it has been established that
treatment with Abucus Ultra with a rate of 1.0 l / ha
has protective properties, but does not treat plants
(72.2%). This further leads to a loss of an average of
about 0.5 tons of grain per hectare. Fungicide Akanto
Plus in the investigated rates of consumption has good
protective and eradicating (healing) properties and
with a decrease in the rate of consumption of less loss
of yield. Thus, the choice of the preparation and its
consumption rate should be based on an understanding
of the phytosanitary situation, taking into account the
condition of crops and the agroclimatic situation
Duration of vegetation period is one of the main
adaptive traits for any crop or variety. Reasonability
of cultivation of a variety in a particular soil and
climate zone is determined by the duration of the
vegetative period. One of the aims of breeding is
the creation of the varieties with the main vegetative
phases lasting at more favorable climatic conditions.
The most accurate way to determine maturity
group of a variety is by estimation of starting
of heading phase, which can be defined with the
greatest precision. The article covers the analysis of
the duration of the vegetative period of the lines
and varieties of winter barley of local and foreign
selection in the central zone of Krasnodar region.
All the varieties were divided into three maturity
groups. The vegetative periods of the varieties were
studied during four years. The most favorable and
adverse conditions for yield formation were determined.
The interactions between the productivity of
the varieties depending on maturity group were
identified. The varieties of the early maturity group
which are more productive than the check were
selected, which is most valuable for the breeding of
the crop. The best varieties with the high and stable
yield and the positive traits are regularly involved
in the breeding programs with the porpoise of making
new varieties of the winter barley
In the soils of rice fields, eluvial gley processes
develop, which are manifested in redistribution of silty
particles along the profile, water-soluble humus,
mobile compounds of iron and phosphorus. Most
intensively, these processes are developed in meadowbog
soils, confined to closed depressions of the plains
plain. Meadow-black soils lying on elevated relief
elements have more favorable physical, physicochemical
and oxidation-reduction properties for
cultivating rice and accompanying crops in crop
rotation. The highest yield of rice is formed on high
checks and higher at 12,4 c/ha than on low ones
The influence of different agricultural technologies on
the yield of winter barley variety ‘Gordei’ was studied.
Economic evaluation was given to the researched
factors. The studies were carried out at the
experimental station of Kuban State Agrarian
University in the conditions of polyfactorial long-term
soil monitoring. The soil is represented by strongly
leached, light-clay black humus with an average
thickness of the humus horizon - 150 cm. It was found
that with the change of technology (fertilizer, tillage,
sowing method, means of protection) winter barley
yields increases to 50% in comparison with the
control. According to the analysis of bioenergetic and
economic evaluation it makes sense to use the variants
022, 111 and 222 at plowing, where the maximum net
efficiency ratio and net income are noticed
The article gives the results of the three years of
research to identify the main species composition of
fungal pathogens when stratified open and closed
methods. Biological efficiency of Guapsin, 0,2%, and
Trichodermin, 0,5% is shown. During the period of
stratification, using an open method "on the water", the
following pathogens have evolved: Cladosporium
herbarum (18,6%), Trichotecium roseum (16,3%),
Phomopsis viticola (13,9%), Alternaria spp. (13,4%),
Penicillium sp. ( 9,1%), Aspergillus sp. (5,6%),
Pythium sp. (4,3%), Gonatobotrys flava (4,3%),
Mycelia sterilia (2,8%), Botrytis cinerea (2,2%). The
studies found that the close method of stratification in
the peat developed the following specific composition
of pathogens: Penicillium spp. (21,1%), Phomopsis
viticola (16,4%), Botrytis cinerea (15,3%),
Trichotecium roseum (11,1%), Alternaria spp. (8,2%),
Mycelia sterilia (1,0%). During the period of
stratification, biological efficiency Guapsin, 0.2%, and
Trichodermin, 0,5%, was 31,9-88,0% and 28,2-86,3%,
respectively
The study of the productive qualities of crossbred
offspring from different breeding combinations and
identifying the most effective ones providing the
maximum increase in the production of high quality
lamb while reducing its cost is an important problem
and is essential for further development of methods of
creating a new type of precocious meat and wool
sheep. In the Rostov region in the result of the
establishment of populations of meat-wool sheep there
are several groups of animals with different
characteristics and hereditary inclinations. As the base
of the work there is a method of mating and breeding
of sheep of the desired type. The article presents the
results of one of the fragments of a large complex
work in which the possibility of using three-pedigree
hybrids, created with the involvement of potential
salskaya, edilbaevskaya and intense meat-wool breed,
which is severokavkazskaya, to improve productive
quality in the breeding of sheep. We have evaluated
productivity and biological features of hybrids and
proved the economic efficiency of their use in the
production of mutton. We have given the results of the
control slaughter and assessment of qualitative
indicators of the meat of young sheep. The set of
indicators characterizing meat productivity and meat
quality revealed that the superiority of the studied
indicators remained for two - and three-bred cross
cattle. Hybrids have a higher rate of growth and
quality parameters of meat productivity. These options
are simple and complex industrial crossing are
promising and can be implemented and used on the
farms of the zone of breeding Merino sheep. Thus, the
use of crossbreeding gives an opportunity to convert a
flock of sheep in the desired direction quickly. At the
same time, three-pedigree hybrids better combine the
valuable qualities of the used species
Tasting and smoking properties of tobacco products
depend on chemical composition of dried tobacco. The
most important are nicotine, carbohydrates, and
proteins. Their content is controlled when new sorts
are bred. In the article data on chemical composition
and their analysis for some hybrids, new and zoned
sorts are presented. Most of studied samples had
medium nicotine content in dried tobacco. Hybrid of
Jubileiniy noviy 142 and Ostrolist 46, sorts: Trapezond
159, 359, 115 and Ostrolist 46 were characterized as
low nicotine tobaccos. Jubileiniy (standard) and
Oktiabrskii were characterized as high nicotine
tobaccos. This indicator depends on rain quantity
during vegetation period. During drought seasons this
indicator is higher. Total soluble carbohydrates content
affects smoke taste. The more water soluble
carbohydrates content the better smoking properties
tobacco has. Unlike nicotine, carbohydrates content
when rainy season increases. Best results were for
Krupnolistniy 9M and Oktiabrskii. Proteins have
negative effect on smoke taste as it becomes bitter and
with smell of burned feathers. Most of studied hybrids
have quite high protein content. For cured tobacco
quality assessment, not total contents of proteins and
carbohydrates are important but their ratio
(carbohydrates/proteins) called Shmuk ratio. Best
results were for Krupnolistniy 9M and Oktiabrskii
The purpose of the study was to examine a century of
experience of growing of forest cultures of the
Siberian stone pine in forest conditions in the region of
the Middle Volga. To achieve these objectives, we
have investigated old growth culture of Siberian stone
pine in the conditions of fresh oak forests in the
territory of Rootka forestry of the Mari El Republic.
Culture of Siberian stone pine was planted after
continuous tillage. The distance between rows was 2,5
m, step landing – 1,0 m. The site was divided into five
options, depending on variations in the width of
planting strip (I-48 m, II-44 m, in III-40 m, IV - 36 m,
V - 32 m). The studies have shown that the Siberian
stone pine trees, regardless of the variant, are
characterized by good clean ability from twigs, which increases with decreasing of the width of the curtain. It
can be noted that in the 100-year-old age, the average
height of trees reaches of 28,7 m, an average diameter
of 49,8 cm. Stock of forest reaches 795,3 m3
/ha. Best
annual increase is observed in growing cultures of
cedar in the wings with a width of 40 m and is 7,95-of
7,93 m3
/ha. Based оn the research, we have concluded
that Siberian stone pine should be recommended for
introduction into the zone of coniferous-broadleaved
forests of the Middle Volga region. When creating
crops, it is necessary to use larger seedlings and plant
density is not more than 1,0 thousand pieces/ha, and
the width of the planting strip shall be not less than
40,0 m.