Nitrogen supply of soils is an important factor in the successful cultivation of agricultural crops. Nowadays, in the Central Black Earth region there are planted orchards with high density of trees, with installed systems of drip irrigation and fertigation. Such orchards are relatively new, particularly in this region. Fertigation ambiguous effects on soil structure and its content of nutrients, especially hydrolysable nitrogen. Therefore, the study of the distribution of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil under the influence of fertigation and drip irrigation is important. The aim of our research was to investigate the distribution hydrolysable nitrogen in the root soil layers 0-20, 21-40, 41-60, 61-80 cm. Investigations were carried out according to conventional methods. In these layers of the soil, we have determined the content of hydrolysable nitrogen and yield. As a result, we have found that in variants with fertigation were the highest yield. In addition, with fertigation it was noted higher content of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil as compared with the control without irrigation, especially in the deep layers 21-40; 41-60 and 61-80 cm. It was also noted increase of hydrolysable nitrogen in the soil along the periphery of the wetting
In the technology of cultivation of sugar beet the significant role is allocated for system of fertilizer. The research problem included studying of influence of various norms and combinations of mineral fertilizers on productivity and quality of this culture. In 2012-14 the stationary field experiment with sugar beet of a grade of "Nero" on an experienced field of department of agrochemistry in educational economy "Kuban" was put and made. Studying of the nutritious mode of the soil is one of the most important questions of determination of effectiveness of fertilizers. Researches showed that the application of double doses of nitrogenous, phosphoric and potash fertilizers, and also the complete fertilizer in double and threefold dose on the chernozem lixivious, has essential positive impact on the maintenance of like elements of a mineral delivery, providing the favorable food mode during body height and cultural development. Fertilizers promoted more intensive intake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plants of sugar beet. The maximal maintenance of these elements is observed in a phase of clamping of rows. In experience the good harvest of sugar beet was received. Average productivity made about 450 c he (the increase makes ot13,6% to 77,4%). The maximal productivity of root crops is received at importation of N80P80K80 and N120P120K120 also made 620,3 and 633,3 c/he. Our researches showed that sugar content of root crops by options of experience fluctuated from 14,0 to 18,7%. The best results are received in options with importation of N80P80K80 - in these options sugar content made 18,7%.Thus, optimum conditions for sugar beet are created at importation of the complete mineral fertilizer at the rate of N80P80K80
The article reviews the results of the study of the
influence of lignohumates of the grade "A" («LG-
АМ», «LG-А super BIO», «LG-А super L») on the
grape vines treatment of the Saperavi variety on the
quality must and wine in the Anapо- Taman zone of
the Krasnodar region. The technology of the
cultivation of grapes on the experimental plot
corresponded to the adopted in the JSC "Victory" of
Temryuk District, and was accepted for keeping of
fruit-bearing plantations area of non-covered
viticulture. Agrobiological works were carried out at
the optimum time and were of high quality type. Vines
of the third year of life, embodied by the scheme in 3,0
x 1,5 m. The forming was a one-sided Guyot with a
height of 60 cm in trunk. There was formed the same
load by shoots and clusters on the shoots. The
treatment of leaf surface bushes with the solutions of
lignohumates were conducted twice: 1st - before
flowering and 2 nd at the beginning of the formation of
berries (20 days after the first one). The spraying was
carried out in the early morning hours. The accounting
for the grape harvest and sampling to determine the
quality of must and wine (10 kg each variant) was
conducted in September 20, 2012. Technological and
physical-chemical analyzes were carried out in the
shop micro winemaking and accredited testing
laboratory of grape processing of the SSI NCZSRIHV
of RAAS. Preparations "LG-B Bio", "LG-B Super
Bio" and "LG-B Super A" as grape plant growth
regulators have equal and stable effect
The stage of introduction of plantlets to in vitro
culture is an important stage of technology of
clonal micropropagation of plants. For the
purpose of decrease in a share of the plantlets that
were lost from an infection and increase of their
regeneration ability, sterilizers and antibiotics,
effective and safe for apple rootstocks’ plantlets
wee allocated, and also favorable terms of
introduction to in vitro culture were allocated. As
a result of the conducted researches, we have
established that on influence on an nutrient
medium and plantlets infection and on growth and
development of plants, beneficial effect on apple
rootstocks’ plantlets has an antibiotic nystatin of
200 mg/l: the reproduction coefficient on the
medium with this antibiotic is equal 4,3, in the
same concentration nystatin has the sanifying
effect of 60-75% for stocks of SK 2 and MM 106.
During researches of sterilizers for apple
rootstocks’ plantlets SK 2, SK 3, SK 4, SK 7,
MM 106 as an alternative to widely applied
highly toxic sterilizer corrosive sublimate (the
first class of danger) were picked up effective and
safe preparations for sanitation of plantlets from
an infection, such as the household preparation
"Whiteness" (sodium hypochlorite) in cultivation
1:2, low-dangerous substance of the fourth class
of danger (a share of viable plantlets of 75,5%
from initially introduced), and also fosfopag, a
preparation of the fourth class of danger (a share
of viable plantlets of 65% from initially
introduced). The favorable term for a meristem of
apple rootstocks’ plantlets’ introduction to in vitro
culture are phases of buds’ burgeoning (March)
and the intensive growth of shoots (May – June)
The total area of green spaces in the capital of Dagestan now stands at 3003.5 hectare, and in the mid-1960s - 186 hectares. Green areas of common use per capita in 2015 compared to 1960 has decreased dramatically and amounted to 3.6%, which is only 1.0% of the norm. The race of landscape construction of the city far behind the race of construction of residential and office sectors, and the existing green spaces either in quantity or quality does not matches the sanitary and aesthetic requirements, in addition there is a low level of artistic and architectural planning of green space. We have also described the questions of the history of the garden and the park building in Makhachkala and meticulously analyzed the rock-species (species, forms, varieties) of the composition of green space. We have marked the evaluation of their condition. Despite the great diversity of species composition (281 kind of woody plants, including 60 species of gymnosperms and angiosperms 221 views), we have noticed that almost everywhere there was cultivated only a small part of them. This is despite the fact, that the Republic of Dagestan has a rich species diversity of local flora, which can be effectively used in landscaping. Here, too, there are favorable climatic conditions for the introduction of new species. It should be noted that the private sector can be traced as having the opposite trend. Some recommendations have been given to improve the structure and condition of the trees and bushes planted in the city. Finally, we have shown the necessity of linking the production of green building works with the scientific activities of specialized education and research institutions in the city
In recent years leaf tan spot had dominated into
pathogenic complex of wheat in southern Russia. The
causative agent of this disease is hemibiotrophic
ascomycete Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.)
Drechsler; imperfect state of Drechslera triticirepentis
(Died) Shoem. It causes two different
symptoms in susceptible wheat varieties: chlorosis and
necrosis. Under epiphytotic disease progression crop
losses can achieve 65%. One of the most important
elements of phytosanitary control of wheat cenosis is
scientifically relevant chemical fungicides application.
Biological efficiency of some fungicides against
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis has been estimated.
Research was conducted on the experimental ground
of FSBSI ARRIBPP on the variety susceptible to the
pathogen – Krasnodarskaya 99. Preparations were
tested one time at leaf-tube formation (Z37) phase or
two times: at leaf-tube formation (Z37) and start of
heading (Z51) stages. Double treatment was more
effective than a single one. Fungicides “Amistar extra”
and “Prozaro” have got the high biological efficiency
– 80,7 and 83,7%, consequently, and longer protective
period (up to 40 days) in comparison to every tested
fungicides
Some derivatives of 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridines,
N-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinil-3-carboxamides and
substituted naphthalene-2-sulfonic amides were
synthesized for the search of the new winter wheat
growth regulators. The growth regulating activity of
the new compounds was studied and the substances
with high growth stimulating effect were found
In the modern wine growing, for fighting against root
phylloxera an inoculation of European-Asian grapes
varieties on rootstocks steady against this wrecker is
used. In this article we present the information about
the types of rootstocks of domestic and foreign
breeding used in the modern branch of wine
growing. The area of their use is described; the
useful properties of rootstocks and their demerits are
highlighted. The purpose of this work is creating new
grapes rootstocks which wouldn't have the merits of
existing rootstocks. The short description of the
grapes rootstocks which were created in the Anapa
Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing and
winemaking such as AZOS-1, AZOS-2, AZOS-3,
AZOS-4, AZOS-5 and AZOS-6 is given in the
article. It is indicated that these rootstocks have a
high resistance to a leaf form of phylloxera, to
chlorosis and to some other diseases of a grapes
bush. They have the short period of vegetation, high
quantity of standard cutting from hectare and other
useful properties. In the article the description of a
new formation of rootstocks grapes bushes of "AOS-
1" and "AOS-2" with a free trail shoots is given. This
construction of grapes bush is developed by the
Anapa's Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing
and winemaking. We have also given all the
advantages of this forming in comparison with other
designs of grapes bushes. It is especially noted that
use of this forming of bushes increases the
productivity per men in the process of bushes scrap
and preparation of cutting; the expenditures on the
struggle against diseases and wreckers on the vineyards are reduced; the quantity standard of
grapes cutting increases by 27-33%
The article presents the results of the study to
determine changes in indicators of fertility in typical
Chernozem of the Belgorod region and the
productivity of winter wheat using different
agricultural technologies, including elements of
biologization
On the example of middle-aged and mature
valuable forest stands we have brought an
assessment of forestry and economic efficiency
of various options of silvicultural actions for the
reconstruction of invaluable young growths (17
objects with a total area of 102,6 hectares) which
was carried out in 1947-1959 and to formation of
plantings from subgrowth and young growth of
the coniferous breeds kept when carrying out
gradual and continuous cabins in 1962-1996 and
also from forest cultures (8 objects of 44,9
hectares) for conditions of the coniferous and
broad-leaved woods of the Republic of Tatarstan.
The results of the researches showed that the best
indicators of forestry and economic efficiency of
actions of care of the woods by reconstruction are
observed in pine plantings at a continuous way:
the grown-up wood reserves on a root (346-522
m3/hectare in 55 years) exceed stocks of modal
forest stands on 109-288 m3/hectare with
economic efficiency within 10625-50659
rub/hectare. Slightly less efficient - larch and
spruce plantings at a corridor way of
reconstruction. Similar indicators of actions for
formation of plantings from subgrowth represent
positive results as well: forestry efficiency made
from 31 to 208 m3/hectare, economic - within
10584-26846 rub/hectare. Based on the
researches we made conclusions, offers and
recommendations for practical use in forestry of
the Republic of Tatarstan