The results of immunological assessment of winter wheat varieties included in the State register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation and the variety of different types of resistance to yellow leaf spot pathogen are presented in this article
The experiment studied the use of an herbal
component in feeding of young geese, consisting of
hay meal and alfalfa juices coagulate. The replacement
of 50 % of complete feed by the studied feeding stuff
reduced the protein content in the diet by 9.9-14.9 %
and increased the content of crude fiber 1.76-2.01
times. Gross weight gain in the experimental group
decreased by 3.9 %, with an increase in feed cost by
17.1 %. However, carcasses of geese in experimental
group increased absolute weight of muscles of the
breast and legs by 28.6%, and the relative – 5.6 %
(Ð ˃0.05). Using of herbal ingredients tended to
increase the yield of dressed carcass by 4.8 %, while
the share of internal fat and skin with subcutaneous fat
was decreased. There were no differences in the
chemical composition of poultry muscle tissue in the
groups. Using of herbal ingredients decreased the cost
of 1 kg of feed by 0.7 rubles, but the cost price of
weight gain increased by 5.0 %. It was concluded that
it is necessary to carry out additional studies involving
the feeding of poultry with the identical by nutritional
value compound feed with the additive under study or
without it
The article contains data on results of calving and blood tests of heifers moved from the Astrakhan region in the Temryuk district of the Krasnodar region in the condition of early pregnancy. According to the accompanying documents, cell blood count, hemoglobin and biochemical parameters were consistent with species and age normal. Calving took place without complications and did not require delivery; received 36 of 36 calves from cows. The quality of the calves found to be satisfactory. On the 45th day of service period, clinical signs of impaired health status were present in 2 animals, however biochemical markers of liver disease, inflammation, and anemia was identified in 7 heifers. In the context of work on creation of livestock combined milk and meat productivity of inseminated heifers and heifers of the Simmental breed the Simmental semen (25 cows) and Aberdeen Angus (34 cows) breeds. Fruitfully inseminated 55 out of 60 animals; indicator of severity of calving was 8 % for Simmental cows. Calves of Simmental breed and Simmental-Aberdeen Angus cross-breeds meet the requirements for live weight at birth and the exterior. Farming on the formation of herds of milk and meat direction of productivity are found to be effective
Feijoa crop is valuable due to the complex of useful
traits (high frost resistance, big yield, ornamental
value and long profitable period). These fruits have
delicate flavor, nutritional and dietary properties. The
fruits are juicy with a pleasant, gentle, refreshing
sweet and sour taste, specific strawberry-pineapple
flavor and contain significant quantities of important
substances for the human body. Pectin (up to 2.5%),
sugars (6-14%), proteins, vitamins, organic acids,
mineral salts, etc. are among them. However, the
challenge of its cultivation is the lack of cultivars and
plantations are represented by a mixture of hybrids
originated from free pollination, and characterized by
a great variety in biological and morphological traits,
differing not only in yield, but in size, shape and
yield period. In this connection, the breeders faced
the objective to create new cultivars of feijoa, using
classical and modern breeding methods and available
genetic resources for commercial gardening and
production. Development of the core hybrid diversity
material and selection of promising forms are the
most important stages of the breeding process,
providing success of further breeding programs. The
breeding of varieties and forms for crossings was
carried out according to the principle of combining
the desirable traits of the obtained offspring. There
are direct and reverse crosses in six combinations
('Dachnaya' x 'Superba', 'September' x 'Superba',
'Dagomysskaya' x 'Superba', 'Superba' x 'Dachnaya',
'Superba' x 'September', Superba ; X 'Dachnaya'). The
viability of the pollen was evaluated prior to
pollination, by germination on a nutrient medium -
1% agar-agar + 15% sucrose. The degree of fertility
varied year by year: in 2015 - 60-62%, and in 2016 -
68-77-88%. The best crossing combinations were
established 'September' x 'Superba' and the 'Superba'
x 'Dagomyskaya for the creation of the hybrid
genepool of Feijoa sellowiana. A high percentage of germination of the feijoa seeds was noted in
combinations of 'Dagomyskaya' x 'Superba' (74%)
and 'Superba' x 'Dagomysskaya' (70%).
We have studied the growth of larch plantations in the Republic of Mordovia in order to assess the breeding and selection of candidates for plus trees
Barley (hordeum vulgare) is a valuable food and
forage crop. It is cultivated in the world on an area
of about 60 million hectares. A major region of
barley cultivation in the Russian Federation is the
Southern Federal District. The variety is one of the
main factors determining the demand for crop. To
use the varieties effectively we must have a
complex of economically valuable traits such as
hardiness, resistance to lodging, disease and pest
resistance. These traits make it possible to generate
the harvest high and stable from year to year. The
article is devoted to the analysis of winter barley
varieties, created in the south of Russia from
ancient times to the present day. The main
achievements of the leading Russian breeding
facilities and experienced breeders of scientists set
out in chronological order. The article describes the
methods and principles of selection (from
individual selection to mutagenesis and complex
selective breeding) used to breeding the new
varieties of winter barley. The most attention is
given to the outstanding varieties included to the
mating program today
The total area of saline soils of rice irrigation systems in the Kuban region reaches almost 80 thousands hectares. Salinization and alkalinization here become a limiting factor for cultivating rice and companion crops. In this regard, the tolerance of plants to soil salinity is a current problem of plant breeding that attracts the attention of many agricultural researchers whereas it is necessary to increase the yield in saline soils. Salt tolerance of crop plants is defined by a combination of properties which are based on the specific adaptation mechanisms. These mechanisms differ in nature and are associated with different levels of structural organization of the plant – from molecular to organismic one. The study of adaptation mechanisms at different levels of structural organization of plants is very important for increasing yield in saline soils. This article is a review giving a detailed analysis of plant salt tolerance research, particularly rice, which addresses the issues of inhibition of plant growth under saline conditions, the mechanisms of salt tolerance, the achievements and development of this branch of scientific research, as well as the application results of work found in the scientific literature
Hulled rice has a high calorie content, light assimilability and dietary properties. It was shown why just after heavy application of chemical preparations on rice sowings its groats remain clean and are dietary and therapeutic product
Among fungus diseases of rice, blast is the most harm-ful. The disease is caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Rice is sensitive to blast at all fazes of vegetation. In Russia, the purposeful breeding of rice varieties re-sistant to this disease began in 1982. Over the past period, the rice varieties which are genetically protect-ed from blast and not requiring crop protection have been created
The article considers tendencies of development of the
agroindustrial complex based on intellectualization of
technical means, development and implementation of
robotic machines in different manufacturing operations.
We have analyzed design features and practical
application of robots with vision systems in crop
production. We have identified the feasibility and
effectiveness of the introduction of new physical
methods of processing plants by means of robotic tools
that will automate technological processes of
processing plants. The article describes the analysis of
the mobility of the model of robots developed in the
WIM based on mathematical simulation at different
operating conditions. To check the model, we present
calculations of the dynamic behavior of the robot body
at different driving modes. The study shows the graphs
of movement parameters obtained from the results of
simulation and dynamics of dispersal. The analysis
identified the advantages of technological application of the robot on the example of gardening